801 lines
96 KiB
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801 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="47F2BCDAE350B7991D03F41F6326F644">Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE11BFD2DFB93" bold="true" box="[151,741,1125,1152]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE11BFD15FB93" authority="Wells & Wellington 1985" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,733,1125,1152]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE11BFE5DFB6C" bold="true" box="[151,405,1125,1152]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Oligosoma robinsoni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFE1DE11BFD15FB93" author="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R." box="[420,733,1125,1151]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="62 - 64" refId="ref29357" refString="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R. (1985) A synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplementary Series, 1, 62 - 64." type="journal article" year="1985">
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Wells &
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<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB082B3AFDA8E11BFD52FB93" box="[529,666,1125,1151]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Wellington</collectingRegion>
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1985
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB082B3AFF2EE1F7FC41F998" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE1F7FEE1FB4F" blockId="23.[151,741,1125,1187]" box="[151,297,1161,1187]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<figureCitation id="130218E7CB082B3AFF2EE1F7FEE1FB4F" box="[151,297,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,352,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1435,326,1668]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) O. robinsoni holotype, Moutohorā (Whale Island) (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl). b) Live specimen of O. robinsoni, Moutohorā (Whale Island) (photo: Dylan van Winkel)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258602/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Figures 6a, b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE1B3FECAFB09" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,258,1229,1253]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Synonyms</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE192FE7FFAE8" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,439,1260,1284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE192FE7FFAE8" authorityName="Mccann" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,439,1260,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE192FE7FFAE8" box="[151,439,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Leiolopisma infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF7EE074FDBCFACF" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[199,628,1290,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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(Boulenger):
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFEF6E075FE2CFACF" author="Hardy, G. S." box="[335,484,1291,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="221 - 325" refId="ref26326" refString="Hardy, G. S. (1977) The New Zealand Scincidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia); a taxonomic and zoogeographic study. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 4, 221 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1977.9517956" type="journal article" year="1977">HARDY 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFE57E075FDBCFACF" author="Owen, K." box="[494,628,1291,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="74 - 87" refId="ref28052" refString="Owen, K. (1997) Mokoia Island-the transformation of an inland island now home to endangered species. In: Johnson, T. & Boyes, P. (Eds.), New Zealand Conservation Management Group Annual Conference Proceedings, Rotorua, 1997, pp. 74 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">OWEN 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE057FEA5FAAD" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,365,1321,1345]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE057FEA5FAAD" box="[151,365,1321,1345]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE057FEA5FAAD" box="[151,365,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Oligosoma robinsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF7EE036FC89FA8C" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[199,833,1351,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFF7EE036FDD7FA8C" author="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R." box="[199,543,1351,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="62 - 64" refId="ref29357" refString="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R. (1985) A synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplementary Series, 1, 62 - 64." type="journal article" year="1985">
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WELLS &
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<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB082B3AFE85E036FE2BFA8C" box="[316,483,1352,1376]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">WELLINGTON</collectingRegion>
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1985
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFD90E036FC89FA8C" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." box="[553,833,1352,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" refId="ref26877" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2011) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 143 pp." type="book" year="2011">JEWELL & MORRIS 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE018FE61FA93" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,425,1382,1407]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE018FE61FA93" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,425,1382,1407]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE018FE61FA93" box="[151,425,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Oligosoma infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF7EE0FBFDD2FA50" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFF7EE0FBFE7BFA71" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." box="[199,435,1413,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
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GREAVES
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFEF8E0F8FEBEFA71" box="[321,374,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; CHAPPLE
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFD81E0F8FDA5FA71" box="[568,621,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2009;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFD0FE0FBFC57FA71" author="Perrott, J. & Schragen, S. & Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A." box="[694,927,1413,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="276 - 277" refId="ref28354" refString="Perrott, J., Schragen, S., Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A. (2011) Speckled skink bait experiments on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. In: Hare, K. M. (Ed.), Abstracts of papers presented at the 14 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Tautuku, Otago, New Zealand, 11 - 13 February 2011. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (3), pp. 276 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.577789" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
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PERROTT
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFC97E0F8FCABFA71" box="[814,867,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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; SCHRAGEN
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFB85E0F8FBB9FA71" box="[1084,1137,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2011; SCHRAGEN & PER- ROTT 2011;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFEF7E0DAFDD2FA50" author="Towns, D. R. & Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[334,538,1444,1468]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" refId="ref29228" refString="Towns, D. R., Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H. (2002) North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan, 2002 - 2012. Threatened Species Recvovery Plan 48. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 61 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
TOWNS
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFE17E0DBFE29FA50" box="[430,481,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE0BCFD83FA37" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,587,1474,1499]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE0BCFE19FA37" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,465,1474,1499]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE0BCFECEFA36" box="[151,262,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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aff.
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFE8CE0BDFE19FA37" box="[309,465,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
“crenulate”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF7EE09FFB1AF9F4" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
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HITCHMOUGH, R., BULL, L. & CROMARTY, P. 2007;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFC8AE09FFB97FA15" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Hoare, J. M. & Jamieson, H. & Newman, D. & Tocher, M. D. & Anderson, P. J. & Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[819,1119,1505,1529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="203 - 224" refId="ref26527" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D. Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37 (3), 203 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2010.496487" type="journal article" year="2010">
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HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFC53E09CFBE8FA15" box="[1002,1056,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFBD5E09FFA51FA15" author="Hitchmough, R. & Anderson, P. & Barr, B. & Monks, J. & Lettink, M. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T." box="[1132,1433,1505,1529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref26612" refString="Hitchmough, R., Anderson, P., Barr, B., Monks, J., Lettink, M., Reardon, J., Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T. (2013) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 2. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFA9AE09CFA92FA15" box="[1315,1370,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFF7EE37EFE8AF9F4" author="Bell, T." box="[199,322,1536,1560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="8 - 11" refId="ref24718" refString="Bell, T. (2014) Standardized common names for New Zealand reptiles. BioGecko, 2, 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="2014">BELL 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFEF5E37EFDB1F9F4" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G." box="[332,633,1535,1560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref26684" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G. (2016 a) Putting a name to diversity: taxonomy of the New Zealand lizard fauna. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand lizards. Springer International Publishing, pp. 87 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFE46E37FFDFBF9F4" box="[511,563,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFD3DE37EFC7BF9F4" author="Hitchmough, R. & Barr, B. & Lettink, M. & Monks, J. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J." box="[644,947,1535,1560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26767" refString="Hitchmough, R., Barr, B., Lettink, M., Monks, J., Reardon, J., Tocher, M., van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J. (2016 b) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 17. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFC8EE37FFCA2F9F4" box="[823,874,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB082B3AFC05E37EFB06F9F4" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[956,1230,1536,1560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
VAN WINKEL
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFBE6E37FFB5AF9F4" box="[1119,1170,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE360FE75F9DB" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" box="[151,445,1566,1591]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB082B3AFF2EE360FEDCF9DA" authority="Ngahinapouri" authorityName="Ngahinapouri" box="[151,276,1566,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE360FEDCF9DA" box="[151,276,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Ngahinapouri”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF7EE343FC41F998" blockId="23.[151,1436,1229,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION BIOWEB HERPETOFAUNA DATABASE (1968) [Amphibian & Reptile Distribution Scheme card number 867, observation record number 483057]</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB082B35FF2EE3DCFEFBFF17" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B3AFF2EE3DCFAB9F950" blockId="23.[151,1437,1697,2013]" box="[151,1393,1697,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFF2EE3DCFAB9F950" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823841" box="[151,1393,1697,1725]" collectingDate="1970-09-01" collectorName="M. Imber" latitude="-37.866665" location="Moutohora" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF2EE3DCFEC3F950" bold="true" box="[151,267,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB082B3AFF2EE3DCFECEF950" box="[151,262,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFEA0E3DCFE5DF950" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFEA0E3DCFE5DF950" box="[281,405,1698,1724]" latitude="-37.866665" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" name="Moutohora" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Moutohorā</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFE1DE3DCFDF4F951" box="[420,572,1698,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Whale Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFDEAE3DCFD7EF950" box="[595,694,1697,1724]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-37.866665">37º 52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFD7AE3DCFCFDF950" box="[707,821,1697,1724]" degrees="176" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="176.96666">176º 58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), RE004443 (S801) (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFBE4E3DDFB0EF950" box="[1117,1222,1698,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">M. Imber</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFB6DE3DCFAACF950" box="[1236,1380,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1970-09-01">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFB6DE3DCFAACF950" box="[1236,1380,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1970-09-01">01 Sep 1970</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB082B35FF7EE3B8FEFBFF17" blockId="23.[151,1437,1697,2013]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFF7EE3B8FEE2F8E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823789" collectionCode="NMNZ" latitude="-37.866665" location="Moutohora" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="15" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB082B3AFF7EE3B8FE33F90C" bold="true" box="[199,507,1733,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB082B3AFF7EE3B8FEF7F90C" box="[199,319,1734,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB082B3AFEF7E3BBFE26F90C" box="[334,494,1733,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFDB1E3B8FD4CF90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFDB1E3B8FD4CF90D" box="[520,644,1734,1761]" latitude="-37.866665" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" name="Moutohora" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Moutohorā</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFD2BE3B8FCE1F90D" box="[658,809,1734,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Whale Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFC86E3B8FC6BF90C" box="[831,931,1733,1760]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-37.866665">37º 52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFC17E3B8FBE8F90C" box="[942,1056,1733,1760]" degrees="176" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="176.96666">176º 58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB082B3AFB8DE3B8FB0AF90C" box="[1076,1218,1734,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFB75E3B9FAD6F90D" box="[1228,1310,1735,1761]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE004120 (S442), male
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFE8DE395FC21F8E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823794" box="[308,1001,1770,1797]" collectingDate="1969-09-04" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="L. Moran" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFE8DE395FE4EF8E9" box="[308,390,1771,1797]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE004120 (S477), male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFD67E395FC82F8E9" box="[734,842,1771,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">L. Moran</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFCEDE394FC29F8E9" box="[852,993,1770,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1969-09-04">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFCEDE394FC29F8E9" box="[852,993,1770,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1969-09-04">04 Sep 1969</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFC40E394FD3EF8C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823793" collectionCode="NMNZ" latitude="-37.866665" location="Moutohora" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFC40E394FBBDF8E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFC40E394FBBDF8E8" box="[1017,1141,1770,1796]" latitude="-37.866665" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="176.96666" municipality="Whale Island" name="Moutohora" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Moutohorā</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFB30E394FAD7F8E9" box="[1161,1311,1770,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Whale Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFA8CE394FA5FF8E8" box="[1333,1431,1769,1796]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-37.866665">37º 52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFF2EE270FEC4F8C4" box="[151,268,1805,1832]" degrees="176" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="176.96666">176º 58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB082B3AFE9DE270FE7CF8C4" box="[292,436,1806,1832]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFE78E271FDDBF8C5" box="[449,531,1807,1833]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005412, female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFCBAE271FA5FF8C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823798" box="[771,1431,1805,1833]" collectingDate="1992-04-03" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="K. Owen" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFCBAE271FC9DF8C5" box="[771,853,1807,1833]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005413, female (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFB3BE271FB24F8C4" box="[1154,1260,1806,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">K. Owen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFB43E270FA47F8C4" box="[1274,1423,1806,1832]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1992-04-03">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFB43E270FA47F8C4" box="[1274,1423,1806,1832]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1992-04-03">03 Apr 1992</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFF2EE24DFB7BF8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823795" box="[151,1203,1841,1869]" collectingDate="1953-11-03" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="R. Dell" latitude="-38.85" location="Western Taupo" longLatPrecision="1172" longitude="175.66667" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFF2EE24DFE88F8A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFF2EE24DFE88F8A1" box="[151,320,1843,1869]" latitude="-38.85" longLatPrecision="1172" longitude="175.66667" name="Western Taupo" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Western Taupo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFEEEE24CFE73F8A0" box="[343,443,1841,1868]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-38.85">38º 51’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFE71E24FFDF4F8A0" box="[456,572,1841,1868]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="175.66667">175º 40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFDE8E24DFD6BF8A1" box="[593,675,1843,1869]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE000824, male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFC0AE24DFBCFF8A0" box="[947,1031,1842,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">R. Dell</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFBAAE24CFB63F8A0" box="[1043,1195,1841,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1953-11-03">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFBAAE24CFB63F8A0" box="[1043,1195,1841,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1953-11-03">03 Nov 1953</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFB79E24DFC64F89C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823785" collectionCode="NMNZ" latitude="-38.616665" location="Tihoi" longLatPrecision="1174" longitude="175.66667" municipality="western Taupo" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
N of
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFB42E24CFAF2F8A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFB42E24CFAF2F8A0" box="[1275,1338,1842,1868]" latitude="-38.616665" longLatPrecision="1174" longitude="175.66667" municipality="western Taupo" name="Tihoi" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Tihoi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFAFCE24DFF15F89D" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">western Taupo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFF4AE228FE9FF89C" box="[243,343,1878,1904]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-38.616665">38º 37’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFEDBE22BFE1DF89C" box="[354,469,1877,1904]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="175.66667">175º 40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB082B3AFE51E228FDBDF89C" box="[488,629,1878,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFDC6E229FD19F89D" box="[639,721,1879,1905]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE000820, female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFC0FE229FE5DF878" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823800" collectingDate="1953-11-06" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="R. Dell & P. Bull" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFC0FE229FBC0F89D" box="[950,1032,1879,1905]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE000822, immature (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFAFCE229FA50F89C" box="[1349,1432,1878,1905]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">R. Dell</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFF2EE205FF2EF878" box="[151,230,1914,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">P. Bull</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFF4AE204FE45F878" box="[243,397,1913,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1953-11-06">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFF4AE204FE45F878" box="[243,397,1913,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1953-11-06">06 Nov 1953</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFE1AE204FEFEF854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823783" collectingDate="1987-03-20" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="Unknown" latitude="-38.083332" location="Ngongataha" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.21666" municipality="Rotorua" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFE1AE204FDE5F878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFE1AE204FDE5F878" box="[419,557,1914,1940]" latitude="-38.083332" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.21666" municipality="Rotorua" name="Ngongataha" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Ngongataha</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFD83E205FD5CF879" box="[570,660,1915,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Rotorua</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFD1CE204FCC2F878" box="[677,778,1913,1940]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-38.083332">38º 05’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFCA1E207FC44F878" box="[792,908,1913,1940]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="175.21666">175º 13’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFC1AE205FC3DF879" box="[931,1013,1915,1941]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005404, female (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFA9EE204FA50F878" box="[1319,1432,1914,1940]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Unknown</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB082B3AFF2EE2E0FEE6F854" box="[151,302,1950,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1987-03-20">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB082B3AFF2EE2E0FEE6F854" box="[151,302,1950,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" value="1987-03-20">20 Mar 1987</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFEFBE2E0FAF6F855" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823791" box="[322,1342,1949,1977]" collectionCode="NI, NMNZ" latitude="-38.083332" location="Taumaranui" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.21666" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFEFBE2E0FE02F854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFEFBE2E0FE02F854" box="[322,458,1950,1976]" latitude="-38.083332" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.21666" name="Taumaranui" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Taumaranui</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFE6FE2E1FE3CF855" box="[470,500,1951,1977]" country="Japan" name="Nagao Institute" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">NI</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFDBDE2E0FDA0F854" box="[516,616,1949,1976]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-38.083332">38º 05’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFDCFE2E3FD20F854" box="[630,744,1949,1976]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="175.21666">175º 13’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB082B3AFD46E2E0FC46F854" box="[767,910,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFC20E2E1FC23F855" box="[921,1003,1951,1977]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005405 (organs removed)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B3AFAF3E2E1FC80F831" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823799" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="Unknown" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB082B3AFAF3E2E1FA54F855" box="[1354,1436,1951,1977]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005406 (organs removed) (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB082B3AFD9BE2BCFD5BF830" box="[546,659,1986,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Unknown</collectorName>
|
||
, unknown date)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB082B35FCEBE2BCFCCAFF5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823788" collectionCode="NMNZ" county="Rotorua" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="465" latitude="-38.166668" location="Miller Road" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.33333" municipality="Lake Okereka" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB082B3AFCEBE2BCFC15F830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB082B3AFCEBE2BCFC15F830" box="[850,989,1986,2012]" county="Rotorua" latitude="-38.166668" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.33333" municipality="Lake Okereka" name="Miller Road" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Miller Road</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE29E18CB082B3AFC5EE2BCFB40F830" box="[999,1160,1986,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Lake Okereka</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E77CEECB082B3AFB2BE2BDFB24F831" box="[1170,1260,1987,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="464">Rotorua</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B3AFB42E2BCFA96F830" box="[1275,1374,1986,2012]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="-38.166668">38º 10’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB082B35FAD3E2BFFF18FF5F" degrees="175" direction="east" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="465" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="464" precision="925" value="175.33333">175º 20’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FF5FE5E7FEF0FF5F" box="[230,312,153,179]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005247, male (coll. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB072B35FDD5E5E7FD32FF5F" author="Owen, K." box="[620,762,153,179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" pagination="74 - 87" refId="ref28052" refString="Owen, K. (1997) Mokoia Island-the transformation of an inland island now home to endangered species. In: Johnson, T. & Boyes, P. (Eds.), New Zealand Conservation Management Group Annual Conference Proceedings, Rotorua, 1997, pp. 74 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Owen, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB072B35FCB6E5E7FE3FFF34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823836" collectingDate="1968-04-02" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="B. Thomas" latitude="-37.9" location="Hamilton" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="175.18333" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB072B35FCB6E5E7FCB1FF5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB072B35FCB6E5E7FCB1FF5F" box="[783,889,153,179]" latitude="-37.9" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="175.18333" name="Hamilton" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">Hamilton</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB072B35FC30E5E7FC26FF5F" box="[905,1006,152,179]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="-37.9">37º 54’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB072B35FC45E5E6FBA5FF5F" box="[1020,1133,152,179]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="175.18333">175º 11’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FB3DE5E7FB1EFF5F" box="[1156,1238,153,179]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE003881, male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB072B35FF61E5C3FE9DFF3B" box="[216,341,189,215]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">B. Thomas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB072B35FED9E5C3FE27FF34" box="[352,495,189,216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" value="1968-04-02">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB072B35FED9E5C3FE27FF34" box="[352,495,189,216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" value="1968-04-02">02 Apr 1968</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB072B35FDBBE5C3FEFBFF17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823796" collectingDate="2011-02-19" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="G. Sutherland" latitude="-38.2" location="Tokoroa" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.86667" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EE652B9CB072B35FDBBE5C3FD97FF3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B574CB082B37FF2EE11BFE85F9BF:8EE652B9CB072B35FDBBE5C3FD97FF3B" box="[514,607,189,215]" latitude="-38.2" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="175.86667" name="Tokoroa" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">Tokoroa</location>
|
||
((
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB072B35FDCEE5C3FD12FF3B" box="[631,730,189,215]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="-38.2">38º 12’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB072B35FD5FE5C2FC90FF3B" box="[742,856,188,215]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" precision="925" value="175.86667">175º 52’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FCD5E5C3FC76FF3B" box="[876,958,189,215]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008540, unknown (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB072B35FB43E5C3FA50FF3B" box="[1274,1432,189,215]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">G. Sutherland</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB072B35FF2EE59FFEEFFF17" box="[151,295,225,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" value="2011-02-19">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB072B35FF2EE59FFEEFFF17" box="[151,295,225,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" value="2011-02-19">19 Feb 2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB072B35FF7EE47AFBC5FD47" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB072B35FF7EE47AFBC5FD47" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF7EE47AFE8AFEF3" bold="true" box="[199,322,260,287]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FEF0E47BFE1EFEF3" box="[329,470,261,287]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FEF0E47BFE1EFEF3" box="[329,470,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC50E47BFB71FEF3" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1001,1209,261,287]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC50E47BFB71FEF3" box="[1001,1209,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by a combination of characters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB072B35FE60E457FDF2FEA8" box="[473,570,297,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1653,1678]" captionTargetBox="[158,1395,227,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,194,1632]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. a–j. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species group (O. albornense, n=4; O. auroraensis, n=6; O. newmani, n=50; O. robinsoni, n=14; O. salmo, n=5). a) snout-ear (SE)/ear-axilla (EF), b) midbody scales, c) ventral scales, d) upper ciliaries, e) supraciliaries, f) supralabials, g) snout-vent length (SVL)/ hindlimb length (HLL), h) subdigital lamellae, i) axilla-groin (AG)/snout-forelimb (SF), j) head-length (HL)/ head-width (HW). If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence interval." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258590/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a–j). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FD36E457FD3CFEAF" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[655,756,297,323]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FD36E457FD3CFEAF" box="[655,756,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FD43E457FC9BFEAF" box="[762,851,297,323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FD43E457FC9BFEAF" bold="true" box="[762,851,297,323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
subdigital lamellae usually <20 versus usually 20 or above in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FF42E433FE4EFE8B" box="[251,390,333,359]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF42E433FE4EFE8B" box="[251,390,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The VS count is 69 or below in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FD57E433FC9AFE8B" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[750,850,333,359]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FD57E433FC9AFE8B" box="[750,850,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FCEEE433FC78FE8B" box="[855,944,333,359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FCEEE433FC78FE8B" bold="true" box="[855,944,333,359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus usually 69 or greater; supraciliaries 5 only (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FF60E40FFEF5FE67" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[217,317,369,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF60E40FFEF5FE67" box="[217,317,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FEFDE40FFE55FE67" box="[324,413,369,395]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FEFDE40FFE55FE67" bold="true" box="[324,413,369,395]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) versus usually>5; ventral speckling much more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FBD6E40FFB32FE67" box="[1135,1274,369,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FBD6E40FFB32FE67" box="[1135,1274,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FA81E40FFA54FE67" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1336,1436,369,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FA81E40FFA54FE67" box="[1336,1436,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FF2EE4EBFF39FE43" box="[151,241,405,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF2EE4EBFF39FE43" bold="true" box="[151,241,405,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FD75E4EBFC9CFE43" box="[716,852,405,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FD75E4EBFC9CFE43" box="[716,852,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC35E4EBFBE2FE43" box="[908,1066,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC35E4EBFBD1FE43" box="[908,1049,405,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">O. robinsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AG/SF). Subdigital lamellae are usually 20 or below in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FE2DE4C7FDD2FE3F" box="[404,538,441,467]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE2DE4C7FDD2FE3F" box="[404,538,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus 20 or above in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FCAAE4C7FC56FE3F" box="[787,926,441,467]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FCAAE4C7FC56FE3F" box="[787,926,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC12E4C7FBFFFE3F" box="[939,1079,441,467]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC12E4C7FBFFFE3F" box="[939,1079,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a longer tail relative to SVL compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FEF1E4A3FE18FE1B" box="[328,464,477,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FEF1E4A3FE18FE1B" box="[328,464,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FE66E4A3FDA5FE1B" box="[479,621,477,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE66E4A3FDA5FE1B" box="[479,621,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FCBDE4A3FC6CFE1B" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[772,932,477,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FCBDE4A3FC6CFE1B" box="[772,932,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FC15E4A3FBCFFE1B" box="[940,1031,477,503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC15E4A3FBCFFE1B" bold="true" box="[940,1031,477,503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in having a VS count usually 69 or greater versus 69 or below (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FE74E77FFDA2FDF7" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[461,618,513,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE74E77FFDA2FDF7" box="[461,618,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FDC8E77FFD02FDF7" box="[625,714,513,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FDC8E77FFD02FDF7" bold="true" box="[625,714,513,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); upper ciliaries 6 or less (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC48E77FFB47FDF7" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1009,1167,513,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC48E77FFB47FDF7" box="[1009,1167,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FB2CE77FFB26FDF7" box="[1173,1262,513,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FB2CE77FFB26FDF7" bold="true" box="[1173,1262,513,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) versus usually 6 or more; ventral speckling much more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FCB0E75BFC5EFDD3" box="[777,918,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FCB0E75BFC5EFDD3" box="[777,918,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC6DE75BFBBBFDD3" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[980,1139,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC6DE75BFBBBFDD3" box="[980,1139,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FBC3E75BFB1CFDD3" box="[1146,1236,549,575]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FBC3E75BFB1CFDD3" bold="true" box="[1146,1236,549,575]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FA38E75BFED4FD8F" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FA38E75BFED4FD8F" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FE9AE737FEB5FD8F" box="[291,381,585,611]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE9AE737FEB5FD8F" bold="true" box="[291,381,585,611]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE3CE734FE45FD8F" box="[389,397,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">i</emphasis>
|
||
n having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FC79E737FBAFFD8F" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[960,1127,585,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC79E737FBAFFD8F" box="[960,1127,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FBD7E737FB00FD8F" box="[1134,1224,585,611]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FBD7E737FB00FD8F" bold="true" box="[1134,1224,585,611]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) versus usually 21 or below; VS usually 75 or less in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FDA5E713FD61FD6B" box="[540,681,621,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FDA5E713FD61FD6B" box="[540,681,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus usually 75 or greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FBB2E713FB7BFD6B" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1035,1203,621,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FBB2E713FB7BFD6B" box="[1035,1203,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FB03E713FADCFD6B" box="[1210,1300,621,647]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FB03E713FADCFD6B" bold="true" box="[1210,1300,621,647]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; mid-dorsal stripe to base of tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FE21E7EFFDECFD47" box="[408,548,657,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FE21E7EFFDECFD47" box="[408,548,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, past base of tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB072B35FCBCE7EFFC64FD47" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[773,940,657,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FCBCE7EFFC64FD47" box="[773,940,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB072B35FC0AE7EFFBC5FD47" box="[947,1037,657,683]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FC0AE7EFFBC5FD47" bold="true" box="[947,1037,657,683]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB072B35FF7EE7CAFC54FB07" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB072B35FF7EE7CAFC54FB07" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF7EE7CAFE25FD23" bold="true" box="[199,493,692,719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB072B35FEC0E7CBFE20FD23" box="[377,488,693,719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Habit lacertiform, body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs well developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Snout moderately blunt. Nostril centred in lower middle of nasal, not touching bottom edge of nasal, pointing up and back. Supranasals absent. Rostral broader than deep. Frontonasal broader than long, not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Frontal longer than broad, shorter than frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars. Supraoculars 4, 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FC91E616FCF0FC9A" attach="left" box="[808,824,872,886]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">nd</superScript>
|
||
largest. Preoculars, 2, upper one larger. Frontoparietals distinct, larger than the interparietal. A pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FB90E6CEFBFEFC52" attach="left" box="[1065,1078,944,958]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
supraocular, and 2 postoculars. Loreals 2, anterior one the larger; anterior loreal in contact with 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FCC2E6AAFC4EFC0E" attach="left" box="[891,902,980,994]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">st</superScript>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FC75E6AAFC14FC0E" attach="left" box="[972,988,980,994]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">nd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal, and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FCBAE686FCDBFBEA" attach="left" box="[771,787,1016,1030]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FCEEE686FCADFBEA" attach="left" box="[855,869,1016,1030]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FBB8E686FBC4FBEA" attach="left" box="[1025,1036,1016,1030]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">st</superScript>
|
||
subocular, upper and lower preocular, prefrontal, and anterior loreal. Supralabials 7, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FD68E162FD16FBC6" attach="left" box="[721,734,1052,1066]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
largest. Infralabials 6, several equally largest. Fifth supralabial below centre of the eye. Temporals: 1 primary; 2 secondary. Ear opening round, moderately large (1.6% as percentage of SVL), with several small projecting granules on anterior margin. Suboculars 8, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FB39E11AFB45FB9E" attach="left" box="[1152,1165,1124,1138]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
and 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FB6CE11AFB2AFB9E" attach="left" box="[1237,1250,1124,1138]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
separated by 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FA29E11AFA55FB9E" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1124,1138]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Postmental larger than mental. Chinshields 3 pairs. Dorsal scales largest, weakly striate. Ventral scales and subdigital lamellae smooth. Adpressed limbs barely meeting. Digits moderately long, subcylindrical. Third front digit shorter than the 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB072B35FC31E1AEFC5DFB32" attach="none" box="[904,917,1232,1246]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">th</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB072B34FF7EE18BFC56FEAF" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB072B35FF7EE18BFF34FA4C" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF7EE18BFA54FAE3" bold="true" box="[199,1436,1268,1295]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB072B35FE53E18BFD99FAE3" box="[490,593,1269,1295]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FF2EE067FF03FADF" box="[151,203,1305,1331]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
70.1 (mean 62.2, range 40.0–84.3), HL 11.1 (mean 9.8, range 7.3–12.1), HW 7.0 (mean 5.9, range 4.2–8.3), AG 36.5 (mean 32.4, range 19.3–45.1), SF 28.5 (mean 24.5, range 16.5–30.4), S-Ear 14.3 (mean 12.3, range 8.5– 15.2), EF 14.7 (mean 12.8, range 8.3–16.4), HLL 26.5 (mean 20.6, range 12.3–26.5), D-Ear 1.1 (mean 1.2, range 0.9–1.6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB072B35FF7EE0D6FCADF8EB" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF7EE0D6FAA1FA2F" bold="true" box="[199,1385,1448,1475]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB072B35FEFEE0D6FE67FA2F" box="[327,431,1448,1475]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB072B35FC8DE0D6FC61FA2F" box="[820,937,1448,1475]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
/specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 5 (mean 7, range 5–8); lower ciliaries 8 (mean 9, range 7–12); nuchals 4 pair (mean 3 pairs, range 1–4 pairs); midbody scale rows 30 (mean 32, range 30–35); ventral scale rows 78 (mean 73, range 64–84); subdigital lamellae 20 (mean 20, range 17–23); supraciliaries 6 (mean 6, range 5–7); suboculars 6 (mean 6, range 6–8). Frontonasal usually not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Anterior loreal usually in contact with first and second supralabial, posterior loreal usually in contact with second and third supralabial. Supralabials 7 (usual), or 8, the sixth or seventh the largest. Infralabials 5, 6 (usual), or 7. Projecting scales usually present in ear opening. Maximum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FEC2E3DBFE67F953" box="[379,431,1701,1727]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB072B35FE0EE3DBFDD6F953" box="[439,542,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.43" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="84.3">84.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Only 2 of the specimens examined had an intact tail, tail length of intact specimens ranging between
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB072B35FE25E3B6FDD1F90F" box="[412,537,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="73.5" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="55.0">55–92 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Mean TL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB072B35FD2CE3B7FD00F90F" box="[661,712,1737,1763]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.34. Ratios for morphological measurements (+ SD): AG/SF 1.32 + 0.12; S-Ear/EF 0.99 + 0.08; HL/HW 1.72 + 0.11 (N=14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB072B34FF7EE26EFC56FEAF" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB072B35FF7EE26EFE97F8C7" bold="true" box="[199,351,1808,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="465">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
This is variable among specimens, but the most common colouration is as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe either broken or continuous. If continuous, only to base of tail. Dorsal surface mid to dark brown, usually with light and dark flecking, 6 scale rows wide, grading into pale dorsolateral stripe extending from behind head to base of tail, becoming indistinct thereafter. This pale stripe is bordered below by a ½ scale row wide dark brown band, below that a 1–2 scale wide lighter brown row, notched on upper and lower edges, running from behind nostril through eye towards base of tail becoming indistinct thereafter. This band sometimes has paler speckles in it. Then a darker brown band 1–2 half-scales wide. This lower dark brown band is bordered below by a pale stripe, 1 to 2 half-scale rows wide running from below the eye, through the ear, above the limbs to become indistinct after the hindlimbs. This band is broken above forelimbs and bounded below by a very broken light brown band breaking up into a ventral speckling. Soles of feet grey/black. Belly yellow or cream, usually speckled with darker flecks. Throat pale. Outer surface of forelimbs brown, speckled with light and dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4654EACB062B34FF2EE3E9FD0BF93C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258602/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" startId="25.[151,250,1687,1712]" targetBox="[151,1425,352,1647]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB062B34FF2EE3E9FD0BF93C" blockId="25.[151,1436,1687,1744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FF2EE3E9FEDAF95C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1687,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB062B34FE8FE3E6FE7CF95C" box="[310,436,1688,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FE8FE3E6FE7CF95C" box="[310,436,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, Moutohorā (Whale Island) (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl). b) Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB062B34FAA1E3E6FEC0F93C" authority=", Moutohora" authorityName="Moutohora" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FAA1E3E6FA54F95C" box="[1304,1436,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">O. robinsoni,</emphasis>
|
||
Moutohorā
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Whale Island) (photo: Dylan van Winkel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB062B37FF7EE384FEC0FF17" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB062B37FF7EE384FEC0FF17" blockId="25.[151,1437,1786,2029]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,153,1619]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FF7EE384FE86F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1786,1812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Professor E.S. Robinson of the School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney in recognition of his herpetological research (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB062B34FD40E260FBE8F8D4" author="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R." box="[761,1056,1821,1848]" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" pagination="62 - 64" refId="ref29357" refString="Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R. (1985) A synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplementary Series, 1, 62 - 64." type="journal article" year="1985">Wells & Wellington 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The history of common and tag names for this species is complex. A.H. Whitaker and Bruce Thomas in the 1960s and 1970s used the tag name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB062B34FF2EE218FEE9F86C" authority="Ngahinapouri" authorityName="Ngahinapouri" box="[151,289,1894,1920]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FF2EE218FEE9F86C" box="[151,289,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Ngahinapouri”, but also included specimens from the Wairarapa under this tag name.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB062B34FB41E218FECEF848" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." pageId="25" pageNumber="466" refId="ref26841" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2008) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2008">Jewell & Morris (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
coined the name “crenulate skink” for the larger of the two entities found in sympatry at Granity. This population, now known to be part of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB062B34FD56E2D1FCBFF824" box="[751,887,1967,1993]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FD56E2D1FCBFF824" box="[751,887,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was then thought in error to represent Clade 2a of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB062B34FF0EE2ACFE62F800" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." box="[183,426,2002,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="466" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Greaves
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB062B34FEA2E2ADFE9CF800" box="[283,340,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The common name “crenulate skink” then expanded in use to include all populations of Clade 2a plus 2b. More recently South Island members (Clade 2a) have been known by the names “cobble skink” and “Hokitika skink”. Crenulate skink has continued in use for the North Island populations described here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FA38E5C3FEC9FF17" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FA38E5C3FEC9FF17" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB052B37FF7EE47AFEB5FAB4" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE47AFCD0FDD3" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF7EE47AFEA9FEF3" bold="true" box="[199,353,260,287]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is recorded in several locations and ecological districts across central North Island, from the King Country, Waikato, Taupo, Rotorua and Bay of Plenty (11.04 Hamilton, 13.04 Rotorua, 13.05 White Island, 15.03 Tokoroa, 16.02 Taupo and 23.02 Taumarunui Ecological Districts). This distribution is approximately north of what is termed as the ‘Taupo Line biogeographic barrier’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FC2DE40FFB23FE60" author="Chapple, D. G. & Hitchmough, R. A." box="[916,1259,369,396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="109 - 131" refId="ref25498" refString="Chapple, D. G. & Hitchmough, R. A. (2016) Biogeography of New Zealand lizards. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), Biogeography of New Zealand Lizards. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 109 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8 _ 5" type="book chapter" year="2016">Chapple & Hitchmough 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Environments include warm mild and cool, humid lowlands / swampland / rolling hill country up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FBF5E4EBFB5AFE43" box="[1100,1170,405,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</quantity>
|
||
ASL, that is—or wasoriginally scrubland / fernland or forested, including coastal or lake islands in a central North Island region with a very frequent and recent volcanic history. These skinks are found in dense grassland, scrub, shrublands, fernland and forest edge habitats; the species can also be found on the coast on boulder beaches, and beneath rocks and logs in grasses above high tide mark (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FDB1E75BFCC5FDD3" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[520,781,549,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FD28E758FD01FDD3" box="[657,713,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE737FEB5FAB4" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF7EE737FE45FD8F" bold="true" box="[199,397,584,611]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal, heliothermic, terrestrial. A medium-to-large coastal and lowland species (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FA39E737FF0BFD6B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FE9CE713FE96FD6B" box="[293,350,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="g" value="8.2">8.2 g</quantity>
|
||
), animals heavy-bodied with broad heads and robust limbs in the Central North Island, and island animals smaller and more slender (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FD90E7EFFCFDFD47" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[553,821,657,683]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FD0CE7ECFD38FD47" box="[693,752,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is found in scattered populations in the central North Island; not all have had genetic analyses undertaken. Two populations are known from islands free of predatory mammals, Moturoa / Whale Island in the Bay of Plenty and Mokoia Island in Lake Rotorua. The Mokoia Island population was discovered only after removal of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E44F2CB052B37FCB0E783FCABFCFB" box="[777,867,765,791]" name="Norway" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
rats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FC1AE780FBA5FCFB" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[931,1133,766,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FC1AE780FBA5FCFB" box="[931,1133,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although weka (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FA80E783FEE9FCD7" baseAuthorityName="Sparrman" baseAuthorityYear="1786" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallirallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FA80E783FEE9FCD7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Gallirallus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), an efficient native predator of lizards, were introduced to the island in the 1950s and are still present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FF26E63BFEEEFCB3" author="Owen, K." box="[159,294,837,863]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="74 - 87" refId="ref28052" refString="Owen, K. (1997) Mokoia Island-the transformation of an inland island now home to endangered species. In: Johnson, T. & Boyes, P. (Eds.), New Zealand Conservation Management Group Annual Conference Proceedings, Rotorua, 1997, pp. 74 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Owen 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FE88E63BFDC9FCB3" author="Towns, D. R. & Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[305,513,837,863]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29228" refString="Towns, D. R., Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H. (2002) North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan, 2002 - 2012. Threatened Species Recvovery Plan 48. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 61 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Towns
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FE3AE638FE74FCB3" box="[387,444,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FD0EE63BFC5FFCB3" author="Perrott, J. & Schragen, S. & Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A." box="[695,919,837,863]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="276 - 277" refId="ref28354" refString="Perrott, J., Schragen, S., Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A. (2011) Speckled skink bait experiments on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. In: Hare, K. M. (Ed.), Abstracts of papers presented at the 14 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Tautuku, Otago, New Zealand, 11 - 13 February 2011. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (3), pp. 276 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.577789" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Perrott
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FCB2E638FC8CFCB3" box="[779,836,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schragen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FBADE638FB85FCB3" box="[1044,1101,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011 and Schragen &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FAE9E63BFF06FC6F" author="Perrott, J. & Schragen, S. & Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A." pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="276 - 277" refId="ref28354" refString="Perrott, J., Schragen, S., Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A. (2011) Speckled skink bait experiments on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. In: Hare, K. M. (Ed.), Abstracts of papers presented at the 14 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Tautuku, Otago, New Zealand, 11 - 13 February 2011. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (3), pp. 276 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.577789" type="journal article" year="2011">Perrott 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied this population, investigating population, genetics, individual health and bait preferences. Similarly, another population of what is assumed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FD28E6F3FCD6FC4B" box="[657,798,909,935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FD28E6F3FCD6FC4B" box="[657,798,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered in the Pureora Forest, Waikato, after the commencement of extensive predatory mammal control (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FCAFE6CFFC2CFC27" author="Towns, D. R. & Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[790,996,945,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29228" refString="Towns, D. R., Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H. (2002) North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan, 2002 - 2012. Threatened Species Recvovery Plan 48. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 61 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Towns
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FCD0E6CCFC69FC27" box="[873,929,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These skinks appear to be social, avid but cryptic sunbaskers; animals are noticeably gravid in November with births between December–March, 6–9 young (DOC BioWeb Herpetofauna database observation record number 487553,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FB91E687FAE1FBFF" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[1064,1321,1017,1043]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FB17E684FB2EFBFF" box="[1198,1254,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Findings from recent scientific research on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FDACE163FD69FBDB" box="[533,673,1053,1079]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FDACE163FD69FBDB" box="[533,673,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Mokoia Island include: SVL range was
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FB30E162FB10FBDB" box="[1161,1240,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FB4AE163FA8CFBDB" box="[1267,1348,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="88.0">88 mm</quantity>
|
||
, weight range is 1 g–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FE94E13EFEA8FBB7" box="[301,352,1088,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="g" value="15.0">15 g</quantity>
|
||
; females were noticeably pregnant in November–December, with the smallest pregnant female at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB052B37FF0DE11BFECCFB93" box="[180,260,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; the birthing period is likely between December and March; caudal autotomy rates were high (increasing from 23% to 100% across four progressive size classes); the parasitic mite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FBF2E1F7FA4AFB4F" box="[1099,1410,1161,1187]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Neotrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphenodonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FBF2E1F7FA4AFB4F" box="[1099,1410,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Neotrombicula sphenodonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present on these skinks, with parasitism possibly seasonal (December), as 44.8% of trapped skinks were parasitized during that month, but not other months; the population had low genetic variation, suggestive of a small founder population; and bracken fern (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FE52E18BFD28FAE3" authorityName="Cockayne" authorityYear="1908" box="[491,736,1269,1295]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypodiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FE52E18BFD28FAE3" box="[491,736,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Pteridium esculentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a major habitat for these skinks, possibly as a refugia from predation pressure by weka (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FE5AE067FD72FADF" author="Perrott, J. & Schragen, S. & Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A." box="[483,698,1305,1331]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="276 - 277" refId="ref28354" refString="Perrott, J., Schragen, S., Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A. (2011) Speckled skink bait experiments on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. In: Hare, K. M. (Ed.), Abstracts of papers presented at the 14 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Tautuku, Otago, New Zealand, 11 - 13 February 2011. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (3), pp. 276 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.577789" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Perrott
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FD82E064FDBEFADF" box="[571,630,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schragen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FC80E064FCBCFADF" box="[825,884,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011, Schragen &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FBEEE067FB2FFADF" author="Perrott, J. & Schragen, S. & Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A." box="[1111,1255,1305,1331]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="276 - 277" refId="ref28354" refString="Perrott, J., Schragen, S., Thoresen, J. & Jayasinghe, A. (2011) Speckled skink bait experiments on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. In: Hare, K. M. (Ed.), Abstracts of papers presented at the 14 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Tautuku, Otago, New Zealand, 11 - 13 February 2011. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 38 (3), pp. 276 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2011.577789" type="journal article" year="2011">Perrott 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, J. Perrott & S. Darke, unpub. data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB052B37FF7EE01EFE85F9BF" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE01EFE85F9BF" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF7EE01EFE84FA97" bold="true" box="[199,332,1376,1403]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The larger-bodied Granity population included in this species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FB99E01FFAECFA97" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." box="[1056,1316,1377,1403]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref26877" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2011) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 143 pp." type="book" year="2011">Jewell & Morris (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
belongs to Clade 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB052B37FF42E0FBFE94FA73" box="[251,348,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1987,2012]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,725,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,686,1968]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree, with 1,000 bootstraps, for the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species complex. Well-supported nodes (i.e. bootstrap support>70) are indicated with an asterisk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258586/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), so is not conspecific with the North Island “crenulate skink” populations which we here identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FF0DE0D7FEF7FA2F" box="[180,319,1449,1475]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF0DE0D7FEF7FA2F" box="[180,319,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Greaves’ (2008) Clade 2a specimens from Granity appear to correspond to the smaller-bodied taxon that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FF71E0B3FE01FA0B" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." box="[200,457,1485,1511]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref26841" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2008) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2008">Jewell & Morris (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FE6DE0B3FDC5FA0B" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." box="[468,525,1485,1511]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref26877" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2011) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 143 pp." type="book" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) called the “cobble skink”. However, this population contains multiple mitochondrial lineages and requires further taxonomic research. The other population contained in Clade 2a of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FABAE08FFF2AF9C3" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Greaves
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FADCE08CFA55F9E7" box="[1381,1437,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was from Hokitika, and was substantially divergent from the Granity population, and the sampled animals are much larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |