treatments-xml/data/03/8E/F3/038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE.xml

<document id="8842EA76755AAB64502B662D1218C243" ID-CLB-Dataset="4079" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35c11603-3013-4807-9fd8-2c6692f25d8f" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560401" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633933303656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vázquez-García, J. Antonio, Yescas, Reyna Domínguez, Luna-Vega, Isolda, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Ernesto C. &amp; Rodríguez-Pérez, Ciro" docDate="2021" docId="038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.522.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 522 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Magnolia mixteca A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas 2021, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="FFB78B05EF10B80A191B3474FFDAAC1A" masterDocTitle="Corncob flower, Magnolia mixteca (M. sect. Macrophylla, Magnoliaceae) a new species endemic to the Alto Balsas Basin (Baja Mixteca), in the Pacific slopes of Oaxaca, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="200" pageNumber="202" updateTime="1699459379914" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D9CA07D8445029D97739B6F79F823A1A">Corncob flower, Magnolia mixteca (M. sect. Macrophylla, Magnoliaceae) a new species endemic to the Alto Balsas Basin (Baja Mixteca), in the Pacific slopes of Oaxaca, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="873A486CF4085C6A46250B32622D5469">Vázquez-García, J. Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B3E26C6C782B8DB6C9448088D596653C">Herbario IBUG, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, km. 15.5 carr. Guadalajara-Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45221, México &amp; talaumaofeliae @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 5906</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="191D2867DC6B769C7B19A21E68594429">Yescas, Reyna Domínguez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="76575A485976605B3194D8E4BB9E3101">Herbario IBUG, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, km. 15.5 carr. Guadalajara-Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45221, México &amp; reyna. dominguezy @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4169 - 6871</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80CEB0B7BA058B284CE4598E1A9C0881">Luna-Vega, Isolda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="237ECDB7715BD0C1A80320D78C5C71C2">Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico &amp; luna. isolda @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7243 - 9018</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B94EB1015560B5C9B701A2C9DFE819B">Rodríguez-Ramírez, Ernesto C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52B0970BECD3992E396A1DB3AD565452">Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico &amp; echanes @ ciencias. unam. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6206 - 8615</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C018BDF3694AE7980BDDA7170F156EC">Rodríguez-Pérez, Ciro</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF12B80819933000FD06A894" ID-CoL="9V6RM" authority="A.Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,732,1140,1167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF12B80819933000FE83A894" bold="true" box="[136,345,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
A.Vázquez &amp; Domínguez-Yescas
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, 
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(
<figureCitation id="131C5EEEEF12B8081A7F3000FC1CA895" box="[868,966,1140,1167]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[136,229,1834,1856]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,229,1785,1807]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,229,1842,1864]" captionStartId-3="6.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionStartId-4="7.[136,229,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1424,410,1788]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1383,190,1761]" captionTargetBox-2="[183,1403,190,1818]" captionTargetBox-3="[215,1371,389,1931]" captionTargetBox-4="[183,1403,190,1815]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@3.[151,1435,386,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@4.[205,1383,190,1761]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@5.[183,1403,190,1818]" captionTargetId-3="figure-115@6.[215,1371,389,1931]" captionTargetId-4="figure-23@7.[183,1403,190,1818]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Magnolia sect. Macrophylla in the Mexican biogeographical provinces (Morrone 2017). The new species, M. mixteca, has the southernmost location in the only watershed draining into the Pacific Ocean." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Magnolia mixteca. A. Leaf, adaxial side, with large stipules. B. Flower bud. C. “Corncob” flower bud. D. Spathaceous bract. E. Leaf, abaxial surface. (Photos Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)" captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Magnolia mixteca. Flowering branch in male phase. (Photo Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)" captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Magnolia mixteca. A. Flowering branch showing the basal yellowish petal spots. B.Androecium (basal) showing the stamens and gynoecium (apical) in female phase, before pollination, showing the styles. C. Gynoecium in male phase after pollination, without stamens, showing the staminal axis and ovary of basal carpels. (Photos Reyna Domínguez Yescas and Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)" captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Magnolia mixteca. A. Petals and sepals, one day after the male phase. B. Fruit of the previous year with some seeds trapped. C. Fruit variability, empty and collected from the ground. (Photos Reyna Domínguez Yescas and Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560403" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560407" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560411" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560413" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560415" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5560403/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5560407/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5560411/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5560413/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5560415/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Type:— 
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. 
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: Mpio. Santiago Juxtlahuaca, 
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del poblado 
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[San Lorenzo Manzanal], carretera a Infiernillo, bosque de pino-encino, suelo negro rocoso, 
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17.13 
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N
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98.04 
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W
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(fr &amp; fl), 
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(
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: 
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!)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF12B8081993317CFBB6A990" blockId="2.[136,1452,1215,1418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF12B8081993317CFEEFA907" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,309,1288,1309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF12B8081993317CFEEFA907" box="[136,309,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
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is morphologically similar to the geographically distant 
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<emphasis id="B9539E79EF12B8081A55317CFBDAA907" box="[846,1024,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">M. nuevoleonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having broadly ovoid, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose fruits. However, it differs from 
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<emphasis id="B9539E79EF12B8081B433158FDB6A95B" box="[600,620,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF12B8081B6C3158FCD0A95B" box="[631,778,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="202">nuevoleonensis</emphasis>
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in having larger flowers, 25–30 (vs. 
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in diam.); longer petals, 14.2–15.2 (vs. 10.0–11.0 cm); petal blotch when present broad and yellow (vs. narrow and dull purple); stamens 349–409, yellow (vs. 200–220, white); ovary colour tan (vs. white); and more numerous carpels 58–64 (vs. 30–42).
</paragraph>
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Deciduous trees, 
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, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B80818B631CCFDC6A9C9" box="[429,540,1464,1491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="10.0">10–70 cm</quantity>
in diameter; trunk erect, conical, crown sparse, top branched; bark slightly scaly, fissured longitudinally, and lenticels and leaf scars sparse. Petioles 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081A6731A8FC20A9ED" box="[892,1018,1500,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.6 cm</quantity>
long, 0.5–1.0 cm in diameter; stipules united 3/4 of the length of the petiole, oblong-lanceolate, with acute apex, densely scattered on the abaxial side, sericeous, glabrous adaxially. Leaves obovate, acute at the apex, auriculate or cordate at the base, leaf blades 24.0–37.0 × 22.0– 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B80819FB323CFEE7AA79" box="[224,317,1608,1635]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="31.5">31.5 cm</quantity>
, adaxially glabrous and green, abaxially white-glaucous (due to their sericeous epicuticular surface) and pubescent in the veins, midvein 3.8–4.0 mm in diameter at the base. Bracts 1, spathaceous, 8.0–8.5 × 5.7–6.0 cm, ovate-oblong, abruptly truncate near the base, deeply cochleate, abaxially glabrous, with 10 secondary veins, yellowish and turning rusty brown. Pedicel (distal internode) 1.3–1.4 long, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081AE132C0FBA1AAD5" box="[1018,1147,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 cm</quantity>
diameter, glabrescent and usually glaucous towards the apex, the adjacent internode glabrescent, 3.0–3.2 long, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081D4C32ACFB0DAAE9" box="[1111,1239,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 cm</quantity>
diameter. Flowers 25.0–30.0 cm, white when young, creamy white when ripe, with a broad yellow blotch, 3.0–3.2 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081C1D3288FA53AB0D" box="[1286,1417,1788,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.5 cm</quantity>
, at the base of petals over the area of sticky secretions, starting 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081A573354FC78AB21" box="[844,930,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
away from the base, the distal border of the blotch lacerate. Sepals 3, 9.2–13.7 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081B293330FD6EAB45" box="[562,692,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="4.6" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.1">4.1–5.1 cm</quantity>
, ovate-oblong, truncate basally, acute apically, green when young, turning yellowish green with distinct veins, glabrous and often glaucous. Outer petals 3, 14.2–15.2 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081DFD331CFABFAB99" box="[1254,1381,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.6 cm</quantity>
, ovate oblong-elliptical, acute apex, abruptly, shortly clawed basally, white end turning creamy white, glabrous. Inner petals 3, 9.3–14.6 × 3.8–5.0 cm, oblong-elliptic, acute to obtuse at the apex, attenuated at the base, claws twice as long as the outer petals, white end turning creamy white, glabrous. Floral axis 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081A6B33A0FC36ABF5" box="[880,1004,2004,2031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.8">4.8–5.2 cm</quantity>
long, androphore 1.4–1.6 × 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081C4133A0FA7DABF5" box="[1370,1447,2004,2031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
, yellow. Stamens 349–409, linear, 1.0–1.3 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF12B8081B6C338CFD2DA409" box="[631,759,2040,2067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="202" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
, yellow to white-yellowish, round to obtuse apically, truncate basally. Gynoecium 3.3–3.5 long, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091B1234EAFD5DACA3" box="[521,647,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter; carpels 58–64, 
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long, ovaries 0.8–0.9 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091C4C34EAFF77ACC7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
, obovate, channeled at the axis, tan-sand colored, pubescent. Styles 0.7–0.8 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091D2B34B6FB68ACC7" box="[1072,1202,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
, linear, flat, incurved, white, glabrous, creamy white to beige, turning dark brown to black at the tip and the inner apical borders (
<figureCitation id="131C5EEEEF13B8091C053492FABBAD1A" box="[1310,1377,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,190,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[183,1403,190,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Magnolia mixteca. Flowering branch in male phase. (Photo Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560411/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Fruit stalk 
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long, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B809189C357EFDDEAD3F" box="[391,516,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, glabrous; poly-follicles 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091ABB357EFBC7AD3F" box="[928,1053,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="8.1" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="6.5">6.5–9.7 cm</quantity>
long, 
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diameter, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose; follicles 1.0–2.0 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091B71355AFD3FAD53" box="[618,741,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2-1.5 cm</quantity>
, puberulous. Seeds 1–2 per carpel, 0.8–0.9 × 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091DFA355AFABBAD53" box="[1249,1377,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 cm</quantity>
, ovoid to oblongoid or sub pyramidal, with obtuse base and apex, pink to red sarcotesta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5812E3EF13B8091993335EFBD2AB7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" startId="3.[136,229,1834,1856]" targetBox="[167,1424,410,1788]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF13B8091993335EFBD2AB7E" blockId="3.[136,1451,1834,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B8091993335EFF24AB25" bold="true" box="[136,254,1834,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF13B809188D335FFD7FAB5A" authorityName="Figlar &amp; Noteboom" authorityYear="2004" box="[406,677,1835,1856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B809188D335FFE29AB5A" box="[406,499,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Magnolia</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B8091B31335FFD7FAB5A" box="[554,677,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Macrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Mexican biogeographical provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF13B8091D52335FFB03AB5B" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G." box="[1097,1241,1835,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" pagination="277 - 279" refId="ref4693" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277: 277 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4277.2.8" type="journal article" year="2017">Morrone 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF13B8091C8A335FFF09AB7E" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B8091C8A335FFA7FAB5A" box="[1425,1445,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B8091993333BFF09AB7E" box="[136,211,1871,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has the southernmost location in the only watershed draining into the Pacific Ocean.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33D11E0EF13B80219A633E7FC72AECE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF13B80919A633E7FD72A400" blockId="3.[136,1452,1939,2074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B80919A633E7FDDDABB7" bold="true" box="[189,519,1939,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Distribution and ecology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF13B8091B1C33E7FD0BABB7" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[519,721,1939,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF13B8091B1C33E7FD0BABB7" box="[519,721,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the Alto Balsas Basin in Baja Mixteca, 
<collectingRegion id="49E38C89EF13B8091DF133E7FA9BABB7" box="[1258,1345,1939,1965]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="203">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, at 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF13B8091C7E33E7FF04ABC8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800– 2300 m</quantity>
within the Sierra Madre del Sur biogeographic province. The population size is undetermined and occurs in tropical montane cloud forest remnants of the Juxtlahuaca District. Expeditions to locate additional populations of this species in the Juxtlahuaca District are necessary.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5812E3EF14B80E1993328DFD7FAB29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="204" startId="4.[136,229,1785,1807]" targetBox="[205,1383,190,1761]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF14B80E1993328DFD7FAB29" blockId="4.[136,1453,1785,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E1993328DFF27AB14" bold="true" box="[136,253,1785,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E1818328DFE6DAB15" box="[259,439,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF14B80E1818328DFE6EAB15" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,436,1785,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">Magnolia mixteca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Leaf, adaxial side, with large stipules. B. Flower bud. C. “Corncob” flower bud. D. Spathaceous bract. E. Leaf, abaxial surface. (Photos Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF14B80E19A63315FDBCABBA" blockId="4.[136,1451,1889,2060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E19A63315FE85AB61" bold="true" box="[189,351,1889,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering April–May, fewer flower buds are still present in late May; fruiting September–October; roughly a quarter of leaves remain in May.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF14B80E19A633DDFA57A411" blockId="4.[136,1451,1889,2060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E19A633DDFEA4ABD9" bold="true" box="[189,382,1961,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">Ethnobotany:—</emphasis>
Locally known as 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E1B4B33DEFD66ABD9" box="[592,700,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">ita ndixin</emphasis>
(Mixtec), “corncob flower” and named for the native language of the area. Also known as in Spanish as 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF14B80E1B2233B9FD16ABFD" box="[569,716,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="204">flor de queso</emphasis>
(cheese flower). The showy and fragrant flowers are sold locally in the Abastos market of La Reforma de Juquila. Locals use the flowers to relieve pain and treat heart deficiencies.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5812E3EF15B80F19933346FBF8AB53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560411" box="[136,1058,1842,1865]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560411/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" startId="5.[136,229,1842,1864]" targetBox="[183,1403,190,1818]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF15B80F19933346FBF8AB53" blockId="5.[136,1058,1842,1865]" box="[136,1058,1842,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF15B80F19933346FF24AB5D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1842,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF15B80F18183347FE68AB52" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,434,1843,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF15B80F18183347FE68AB52" box="[259,434,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Flowering branch in male phase. (Photo Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF15B80C19A63303FD28AD76" blockId="5.[136,1452,1911,2082]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,365]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF15B80F19A63303FE09AB8B" bold="true" box="[189,467,1911,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
We assessed 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF15B80F1B70330CFD31AB8B" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[619,747,1912,1937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF15B80F1B70330CFD31AB8B" box="[619,747,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">M. mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as endangered (E) because this species met the criteria [B1, B(a) and (b)iii] of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF15B80F184E33EFFE34ABAF" author="IUCN" box="[341,494,1947,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" refId="ref4552" refString="IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available from https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines. pdf (accessed 27 April 2021)" type="book" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
. The distribution area of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF15B80F1A1E33EFFC0AABAF" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[773,976,1947,1973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF15B80F1A1E33EFFC0AABAF" box="[773,976,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly restricted, EOO &lt;
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF15B80F1C1033EFFAB7ABAF" box="[1291,1389,1947,1974]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" unit="km" value="5000.0">5000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C52EF23EF15B80F1C7633EFFAAFABB3" attach="left" box="[1389,1397,1947,1961]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">2</superScript>
, and AOO &lt;
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF15B80F19F833CBFEE2ABC3" box="[227,312,1983,2010]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="205" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C52EF23EF15B80F182333CBFE9AABD7" attach="left" box="[312,320,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">2</superScript>
. It has only been found in the municipality of Santiago Juxtlahuaca, 
<collectingRegion id="49E38C89EF15B80F1D5C33CBFB45ABC3" box="[1095,1183,1983,2009]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
. The population density is not yet determined. The label of of the 
<typeStatus id="549CFCC9EF15B80F1B773390FD46ABE4" box="[620,668,2020,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
material collected in 1995 indicates that the species had a “regular abundance”. Recent explorations during 2021 at a different location allowed us to find only a single tree and a second one in a disturbed area. Locals know this tree, but they do not have any interest in its propagation or conservation. We did not observe regeneration, but records from the Naturalista website (https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/18523679) uploaded by Hermelinda Santos show photographs of 
<specimenCount id="9D2189E2EF16B80C1BFE3493FCA1AD1A" box="[741,891,230,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="206" type="juvenile">two juveniles</specimenCount>
in the forest of Río Santiago Copala, Juxtlahuaca. Birds and small mammals eat the seeds. We suggest including this magnolia species in the Mexican NOM-059 (SEMARNAT 2010) and the IUCN Red List of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF16B80C1BBB355AFBC4AD53" authority="(Rivers et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Rivers" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[672,1054,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Magnoliaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF16B80C1A57355AFBCDAD53" author="Rivers, M. &amp; Beech, E. &amp; Murphy, L. &amp; Oldfield, S." box="[844,1047,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="206" refId="ref4739" refString="Rivers, M., Beech, E., Murphy, L. &amp; Oldfield, S. (2016) The red list of Magnoliaceae revised and extended. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK, 63 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Rivers 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF16B80C1A85355BFC15AD52" box="[926,975,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as an endangered species due to its restricted distribution and obvious threats to its habitat.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5812E3EF16B80C199333D0FAE7A418" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560413/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="206" startId="6.[136,229,1956,1978]" targetBox="[215,1371,389,1931]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF16B80C199333D0FAE7A418" blockId="6.[136,1451,1956,2050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF16B80C199333D0FF2DABA3" bold="true" box="[136,247,1956,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF16B80C181933D0FE6AABA0" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,432,1956,1978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF16B80C181933D0FE6AABA0" box="[258,432,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="206">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Flowering branch showing the basal yellowish petal spots. B. Androecium (basal) showing the stamens and gynoecium (apical) in female phase, before pollination, showing the styles. C. Gynoecium in male phase after pollination, without stamens, showing the staminal axis and ovary of basal carpels. (Photos Reyna Domínguez Yescas and Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5812E3EF17B80D19933346FAD1AB77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560415/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" startId="7.[136,229,1842,1864]" targetBox="[183,1403,190,1815]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF17B80D19933346FAD1AB77" blockId="7.[136,1453,1842,1901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D19933346FF2DAB52" bold="true" box="[136,247,1842,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF17B80D18183347FE6BAB52" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,433,1843,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D18183347FE6BAB52" box="[259,433,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Petals and sepals, one day after the male phase. B. Fruit of the previous year with some seeds trapped. C. Fruit variability, empty and collected from the ground. (Photos Reyna Domínguez Yescas and Ciro Rodríguez Pérez.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF17B80219A633EFFAC8AD76" blockId="7.[136,1452,1947,2082]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,158,725]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D19A633EFFEFCABAF" bold="true" box="[189,294,1947,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">Notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF17B80D183D33EFFDA4ABAF" authorityName="Figlar &amp; Noteboom" authorityYear="2004" box="[294,638,1947,1973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D183D33EFFE49ABAF" box="[294,403,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">Magnolia</emphasis>
section 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D18F533EFFDA4ABAF" box="[494,638,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">Macrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now includes nine species, two in the 
<collectingCountry id="F33002FBEF17B80D1D3F33EFFB63ABAF" box="[1060,1209,1947,1973]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">United States</collectingCountry>
and seven in 
<collectingCountry id="F33002FBEF17B80D1C5433EFFA72ABAF" box="[1359,1448,1947,1973]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">México</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF17B80D199333CBFE88ABC3" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,338,1983,2009]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D199333CBFE88ABC3" box="[136,338,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">Magnolia mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in latitude from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF17B80D1B4233B4FCF2ABC3" box="[601,808,1983,2009]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuevoleonensis">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1B4233B4FCF2ABC3" box="[601,808,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">M. nuevoleonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 17 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1A4933CBFC87ABC3" bold="true" box="[850,861,1983,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">°</emphasis>
07’–17 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1AB733CBFC6DABC3" bold="true" box="[940,951,1983,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">°</emphasis>
17’ 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1AFA33B4FC22ABC3" box="[993,1016,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">vs</emphasis>
. 25 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1D3A33CBFBF6ABC3" bold="true" box="[1057,1068,1983,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">°</emphasis>
11’–25 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1D6033CBFB5CABC3" bold="true" box="[1147,1158,1983,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">°</emphasis>
39’; elevation: 1500–1700 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D19933390FF7DABE7" box="[136,167,2020,2045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF17B80D19B63397FE90ABE4" box="[173,330,2019,2046]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2300 m</quantity>
; mean annual rainfall: 1600 –2,177.1 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1BEB3390FCD4ABE7" box="[752,782,2020,2045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF17B80D1A0F3397FC53ABE4" box="[788,905,2019,2046]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.645" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="864.5">864.5 mm</quantity>
; hydrographic regions: Alto Balsas Basin 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF17B80D1C463390FAA1ABE7" box="[1373,1403,2020,2045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="207">vs.</emphasis>
San Juan-Río Grande watershed and biogeographic provinces: Sierra Madre del Sur vs. Sierra Madre Oriental (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF17B8021C5C3C73FEDEACA2" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G." lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="207" pagination="277 - 279" refId="ref4693" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277: 277 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4277.2.8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Morrone 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B802199334EBFF1AACA2" box="[136,192,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). The emergence of the TVB and the climatic changes in the Miocene played a key role as vicariant events causing isolation between the northern and southern populations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF18B8021A9A34B6FBA6ACC6" author="Ibarra-Martinez, M. V." box="[897,1148,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" refId="ref4488" refString="Ibarra-Martinez, M. V. (2020) Relaciones filogeneticas y filogeografia de Magnolia seccion Macrophylla en Mexico. M. Sc. Thesis, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico, 70 pp." type="book" year="2020">Ibarra-Martínez 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The interruption of gene flow and selective climatic pressures allowed diversification, resulting in a similar allopatric latitudinal radiation to the reported in the 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B802187F357FFE59AD3E" box="[356,387,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B80218DD357EFDE9AD3E" box="[454,563,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B80218DD357EFDE9AD3E" box="[454,563,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Magnolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western 
<collectingCountry id="F33002FBEF18B8021BA0357EFCCBAD3E" box="[699,785,266,292]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF18B8021A3A357EFBBBAD3E" author="Vazquez-Garcia, J. &amp; Muniz-Castro, M. A. &amp; Dahua-Machoa, A. &amp; Osorio-Munoz, E. A. &amp; Hernandez-Vera, G. &amp; Ortega-Pena, A. S. &amp; Campos, R. L. &amp; Jacobo-Pereira, C. &amp; Shalisko, V." box="[801,1121,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" refId="ref5313" refString="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A, Muniz-Castro, M. A., Dahua-Machoa, A., Osorio-Munoz, E. A., Hernandez-Vera, G., Ortega-Pena, A. S., Romo- Campos, R. L., Jacobo-Pereira, C., Alvarez de R., N. &amp; Shalisko, V. (2021) How to save endangered magnolias? From population biology to conservation action: the case of allopatric radiation in western Mexico. In: Kumar, S. (ed.) Endangered Plants. London, IntechOpen. https: // doi. org / 10.5772 / intechopen. 94346" type="book" year="2021">
Vázquez-García 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021AF9357FFBCFAD3E" box="[994,1045,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), the last one under different selective pressures. It is not known if 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021B2F355BFD6BAD52" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[564,689,303,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B2F355BFD6BAD52" box="[564,689,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M. mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more similar genetically to the morphologically most similar but geographically distant species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B80218FD3527FD6CAD76" box="[486,694,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuevoleonensis">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B80218FD3527FE27AD76" box="[486,509,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B103526FD6CAD76" box="[523,694,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">nuevoleonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or to its geographically nearest species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021D983527FAD5AD76" authorityName="Zuccarini" authorityYear="1836" box="[1155,1295,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dealbata">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021D983527FB40AD76" box="[1155,1178,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021DB23526FAD5AD76" box="[1193,1295,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">dealbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021C153526FAC8AD76" box="[1294,1298,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF18B80219A63502FA5EADC3" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
Some herbarium specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021B383503FD79AD8A" authorityName="A. Vazquez &amp; Dominguez-Yescas" authorityYear="2021" box="[547,675,375,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mixteca">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B383503FD79AD8A" box="[547,675,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M. mixteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from MEXU were misidentified as 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021D533502FB1EAD8A" box="[1096,1220,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">yoloxóchitl</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021DCE3502FDE3ADAF" authority="(Candolle 1817: 451) Don (1831: 85)" authorityName="Don" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Candolle" baseAuthorityPageNumber="451" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Talauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021DCE3502FA71AD8A" box="[1237,1451,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Talauma mexicana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF18B802198B35EEFEAFADAF" author="Candolle, A. P." box="[144,373,410,437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" refId="ref4104" refString="Candolle, A. P. (1817) Regni vegetabilis systema naturale 1. Treuttel &amp; Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 745 pp." type="book" year="1817">Candolle 1817: 451</bibRefCitation>
) Don (1831: 85)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021B5735EEFCB1ADAF" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[588,875,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B5735EEFCF4ADAE" box="[588,814,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Magnolia mexicana</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
], but the latter belongs to 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021D8535EFFB67ADAE" box="[1182,1213,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">M.</emphasis>
section 
<taxonomicName id="4C2739E8EF18B8021C0435EEFA5AADAE" box="[1311,1408,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Talauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021C0435EEFA5AADAE" box="[1311,1408,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Talauma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an evergreen tropical tree with woody apocarpous fruits and circumscissile dehiscence (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB63F9AEF18B8021D2635CAFAA2ADC3" author="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A. &amp; Dominguez-Yescas, R. &amp; Pedraza-Ruiz, R. &amp; Sanchez-Gonzalez, A. &amp; Muniz-Castro, M. A." box="[1085,1400,446,473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" pagination="19 - 36" refId="ref5049" refString="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A., Dominguez-Yescas, R., Pedraza-Ruiz, R., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A. &amp; Muniz-Castro, M. A. (2015) Magnolia rzedowskiana (Magnoliaceae), una especie nueva de la seccion Macrophylla de la parte central de la Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana 112: 19 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / abm 112.2015.1086" type="journal article" year="2015">
Vázquez-García 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021DE735CBFAF7ADC2" box="[1276,1325,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98426BEF18B80219A63596FC72AECE" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B80219A63596FDE5ADE6" bold="true" box="[189,575,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Additional Specimens examined</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B5D3596FDB8ADE6" bold="true" box="[582,610,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4F4836EF18B8021B793596FB36AE3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3382670305" collectingDate="1989-05-25" collectionCode="MEXU" collectorName="Avila" country="Mexico" elevation="2000" location="Coicoyan" longitude="-98.28333" municipality="Juxtlahuaca District" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
<collectingCountry id="F33002FBEF18B8021B793596FD0EADE6" box="[610,724,482,508]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49E38C89EF18B8021BC53596FCECADE6" box="[734,822,482,508]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCD811EF18B8021A5B3596FBFEADE6" box="[832,1060,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Juxtlahuaca District</collectingMunicipality>
., 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B8021D283596FB44ADE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B8021D283596FB44ADE6" box="[1075,1182,482,508]" country="Mexico" longitude="-98.28333" municipality="Juxtlahuaca District" name="Coicoyan" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Coicoyán</location>
municipality, cultivated in town on agricultural parcel, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF18B80218F43672FD93AE3B" box="[495,585,518,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="000AA558EF18B80218F43672FD93AE3B" box="[495,585,518,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B8021B433672FD6DAE3A" box="[600,695,518,544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">17 16,N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B8021BDD3672FCF6AE3B" box="[710,812,518,545]" degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" precision="925" value="-98.28333">98 17 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF9964ABEF18B8021A223672FC0EAE3A" box="[825,980,518,545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="1989-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFDD9D43EF18B8021A223672FC0EAE3A" box="[825,980,518,545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="1989-05-25">25 May 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl) 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021D173672FBA3AE3A" box="[1036,1145,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021D173672FB9CAE3A" box="[1036,1094,518,544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Avila</collectorName>
317
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED36DAAEEF18B8021D903672FB3EAE3A" box="[1163,1252,518,544]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B4F4836EF18B8021DE13672FB16AE73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3382670306" collectingDate="2021-05-15" collectionCode="IBUG, MEXU" collectorName="Dominguez-Yescas &amp; Rodriguez-Perez" country="Mexico" county="Municipality of Santiago Juxtlahuaca" elevation="2290" latitude="17.236729" location="San Miguel Cueva" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.047" municipality="Guadalupe Luchio El Alto" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
<collectingCounty id="62F93AE7EF18B8021DE13672FEA3AE5E" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Municipality of Santiago Juxtlahuaca</collectingCounty>
, trail to 
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B80218C3365EFCDFAE5E" box="[472,773,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCD811EF18B80218C3365EFCDFAE5E" box="[472,773,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Guadalupe Luchio El Alto</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
, 1/ 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF18B8021A3E365EFCBBAE5E" box="[805,865,554,580]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
south of 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B8021AD6365EFB78AE5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B8021AD6365EFB78AE5E" box="[973,1186,554,580]" country="Mexico" county="Municipality of Santiago Juxtlahuaca" latitude="17.236729" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.047" municipality="Guadalupe Luchio El Alto" name="San Miguel Cueva" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San Miguel Cueva</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF18B8021DB5365EFADCAE5F" box="[1198,1286,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2290.0">
<elevation id="000AA558EF18B8021DB5365EFADCAE5F" box="[1198,1286,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2290.0">2290 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B8021C08365EFF45AE73" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" precision="1" seconds="12.22" value="17.236729">17°14’12.22” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B80219B1363AFE87AE73" box="[170,349,590,617]" degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" precision="1" seconds="49.20" value="-98.047">98° 2’49.20” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF9964ABEF18B802187C363AFE26AE72" box="[359,508,590,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-05-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDD9D43EF18B802187C363AFE26AE72" box="[359,508,590,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-05-15">15 May 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B2E363BFCD2AE73" box="[565,776,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021B2E363BFCD2AE73" box="[565,776,591,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Domínguez-Yescas</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021A30363AFBD3AE72" box="[811,1033,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021A30363AFC44AE72" box="[811,926,590,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Rodríguez</collectorName>
- 
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021AB3363BFC3DAE72" box="[936,999,591,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Perez</collectorName>
79
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED36DAAEEF18B8021D03363AFBBBAE72" box="[1048,1121,590,616]" country="Mexico" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15718" name="Universidad de Guadalajara" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" type="Herbarium">IBUG</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED36DAAEEF18B8021D77363BFB1EAE73" box="[1132,1220,591,617]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B4F4836EF18B8021DCD363AFC7EAECE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3382670303" collectingDate="2021-04-15" collectingDateMax="2021-05-15" collectingDateMin="2021-04-15" collectionCode="MEXU" collectorName="Dominguez-Yescas &amp; Rodriguez-Perez" country="Mexico" county="San Miguel Cueva" elevation="2080" latitude="17.215162" location="San Lorenzo del Manzanal" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.06803" municipality="Piedra Espejo" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF18B8021DCD363AFAC8AE72" box="[1238,1298,590,616]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
, straight-line, SW of 
<collectingCounty id="62F93AE7EF18B80219CE3606FE7FAE96" box="[213,421,626,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">San Miguel Cueva</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCD811EF18B80218B43606FD96AE96" box="[431,588,626,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Piedra Espejo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B8021B4D3606FC58AE96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B8021B4D3606FC58AE96" box="[598,898,626,653]" country="Mexico" county="San Miguel Cueva" latitude="17.215162" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.06803" municipality="Piedra Espejo" name="San Lorenzo del Manzanal" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San Lorenzo del Manzanal</location>
, toward 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B8021AC53606FB73AE96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B8021AC53606FB73AE96" box="[990,1193,626,652]" country="Mexico" county="San Miguel Cueva" latitude="17.215162" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.06803" municipality="Piedra Espejo" name="Arroyo Infiernillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Arroyo Infiernillo</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CDFEF8EEF18B8021DA83606FAD3AE97" box="[1203,1289,626,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2080.0">
<elevation id="000AA558EF18B8021DA83606FAD3AE97" box="[1203,1289,626,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2080.0">2080 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B8021C083606FF45AEAB" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" precision="1" seconds="54.58" value="17.215162">17°12’54.58” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1324ACEF18B80219B036E2FE88AEAB" box="[171,338,662,689]" degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" precision="1" seconds="4.93" value="-98.06803">98° 4’4.93” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF9964ABEF18B802184636E2FE2FAEAA" box="[349,501,662,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-05-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDD9D43EF18B802184636E2FE2FAEAA" box="[349,501,662,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-05-15">15 May 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(st), 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B2A36E3FCDEAEAB" box="[561,772,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021B2A36E3FCDEAEAB" box="[561,772,663,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Domínguez-Yescas</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021A3236E2FBD2AEAA" box="[809,1032,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021A3236E2FC46AEAA" box="[809,924,662,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Rodríguez</collectorName>
- 
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021ABD36E3FC3FAEAA" box="[934,997,663,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Perez</collectorName>
80
</emphasis>
(Photograph-IBUG); 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B8021C1A36E3FF06AECE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B8021C1A36E3FF06AECE" country="Mexico" county="San Miguel Cueva" latitude="17.215162" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.06803" municipality="Piedra Espejo" name="La Reforma de Juqiula" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">La Reforma de Juqiula</location>
, 
<location id="8EF814B0EF18B80219FC36CEFE14AECE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EF37DEF12B80219933000FC72AECE:8EF814B0EF18B80219FC36CEFE14AECE" box="[231,462,698,724]" country="Mexico" county="San Miguel Cueva" latitude="17.215162" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.06803" municipality="Piedra Espejo" name="Mercado de Abastos" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
Mercado 
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B802184A36CEFE14AECE" box="[337,462,698,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">de Abastos</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<date id="FF9964ABEF18B80218C136CEFDBCAECE" box="[474,614,698,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-04-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDD9D43EF18B80218C136CEFDBCAECE" box="[474,614,698,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" value="2021-04-15">15 Apr 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis id="B9539E79EF18B8021B8536CFFCEFAECE" box="[670,821,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="26D227BDEF18B8021B8536CFFCD6AECE" box="[670,780,698,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="208">Martin M</collectorName>
018
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED36DAAEEF18B8021A5836CEFC46AECE" box="[835,924,698,724]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="8" pageNumber="208" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>