432 lines
52 KiB
XML
432 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="47F7D78FF25C34C2226DE72CCAF27157">A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7C6E0703D9260EE4A5981135B4F5EAA">Pal, Saunak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="787BEABB55CE70225957733E66F547B0">Vijayakumar, S. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="82ABDC4B009FFAA3DE08E7B296257FEF">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B562BC475FA6107F188D93AB0495109">Jayarajan, Aditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1C3E434A34907496B38B1BAF6104C0BB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038E021DFFA2FFB24FA9FF0BFC54FE44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996676" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFFA2FFB24FA9FF0BFC54FE44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E021DFFA2FFB24FA9FF0BFC54FE44" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FF0BFDCDFF5A" blockId="18.[151,546,151,178]" box="[151,546,151,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<heading id="D0D00467FFA2FFB44FA9FF0BFDCDFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,546,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FF0BFDCDFF5A" authority="calotes (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,151,178]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FF0BFEA4FF59" bold="true" box="[151,331,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FF47FCF4FF18" blockId="18.[151,1012,215,332]" box="[151,795,215,240]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FF47FEDBFF18" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,308,218,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Lacerta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FF47FEDBFF18" box="[151,308,218,240]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Lacerta calotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758: 207.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA2FFB44FA9FF66FDB2FD20" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FF66FD5DFEE7" blockId="18.[151,1012,215,332]" box="[151,690,249,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FF66FEC2FEE7" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[151,301,249,271]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" genus="Iguana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FF66FEC2FEE7" box="[151,301,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Iguana calotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Laurenti 1768. Syn. Rept. 1768: 49.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FE84FCECFEC5" blockId="18.[151,1012,215,332]" box="[151,771,279,301]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FE84FEC2FEC5" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,301,279,301]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FE84FEC2FEC5" box="[151,301,279,301]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Agama calotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Daudin 1802. Hist. Nat. Rept.
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<date id="FF9995CBFFA2FFB44D44FE8BFD23FEC5" box="[634,716,279,301]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" value="1802-03">iii.1802</date>
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: 361.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FEAAFC1BFEA4" blockId="18.[151,1012,215,332]" box="[151,1012,310,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FEAAFEDCFEA4" authority="calotes" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,307,310,332]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FEAAFEDCFEA4" box="[151,307,310,332]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Lönnberg 1896. Bih. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Stockholm, xxii. 1896:15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FA9FEEEFD89FE39" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FEEEFE7AFE63" bold="true" box="[151,405,370,395]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Original description.</emphasis>
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||
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 10th Edition, 1758: 207.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FF9FE40FDB2FD20" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FF9FE40FE38FE1D" bold="true" box="[199,471,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44EDDFE40FD7CFE1C" authority="calotes" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[483,659,476,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44EDDFE40FD7CFE1C" box="[483,659,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described based on specimens collected from ‘Zeylona’ (
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<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44A44FE40FF30FDF0" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44A44FE40FA73FE1D" box="[1402,1436,476,501]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Sri</collectingRegion>
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Lanka
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</collectingCountry>
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). This species is currently known to commonly occur in the wet zones of
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<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44B69FE63FB26FDF0" box="[1111,1225,511,536]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44B69FE63FB97FDF0" box="[1111,1144,511,536]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Sri</collectingRegion>
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Lanka
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</collectingCountry>
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and dry zones of southern
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<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44FC0FDBEFED4FDD3" box="[254,315,546,571]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFFA2FFB44E7BFDBEFE36FDD3" box="[325,473,546,571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refId="ref37909" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; Reptilia and Amphibia. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp." type="book">Smith (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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reported this species from the
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<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44C11FDBEFC30FDD3" box="[815,991,546,571]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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but this was not included in later works (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFFA2FFB44FA0FDD9FE56FDB6" box="[158,441,581,606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refId="ref35996" refString="Harikrishnan, S., Vasudevan, K. & Choudhury, B. C. (2010) A review of herpetofaunal descriptions and studies from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with an updated checklist. In: Ramakrishna, Raghunathan, C. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Recent Trends in Biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp 387 - 398." type="book chapter">
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Harikrishnan
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||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E04FDDAFE9BFDB5" box="[314,372,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The original description by Linnaeus was a two-line description, which was translated by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFFA2FFB44F85FDF4FE08FD69" box="[187,487,616,641]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" refId="ref33690" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Manthey, U., Stockli, E., Ineich, I., Kullander, S. O., Tiedemann, F., McCarthy, C. & Gabadage, D. E. (2009) The original descriptions and figures of Sri Lankan Agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) of the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Taprobanica, 1 (1), 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.4038 / tapro. v 1 i 1.2771" type="journal article">
|
||
Amarasinghe
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||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E66FDF5FE7EFD69" box="[344,401,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Our analysis shows 1% genetic variance (in the 16S gene) between the
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<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44A21FDF4FAAFFD69" box="[1311,1344,616,641]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lankan and the Peninsular Indian population of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44D5DFD10FCFFFD4C" authority="calotes" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[611,784,652,676]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44D5DFD10FCFFFD4C" box="[611,784,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This suggests that these species moved between the dry zones in Peninsular
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44E49FD33FE5EFD20" box="[375,433,687,712]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA2FFB44ED9FD33FDB6FD20" box="[487,601,687,712]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44ED9FD33FDE7FD20" box="[487,520,687,712]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Sri</collectingRegion>
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||
Lanka
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||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFBBAFCD9" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFBBAFCD9" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFB54FD03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889709" box="[199,1211,722,747]" collectionCode="CESL" location="Material" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="37" specimenCount-adult="37">
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFE5DFD03" bold="true" box="[199,434,722,747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
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<location id="8EF8E5D0FFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFEC0FD03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFFA2FFB24FA9FF0BFC54FE44:8EF8E5D0FFA2FFB44FF9FD4EFEC0FD03" box="[199,303,722,747]" name="Material" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFA2FFB44E82FD4FFDEFFD03" box="[444,512,723,747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">CESL</collectionCode>
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0
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<specimenCount id="9D217882FFA2FFB44D29FD4FFD9BFD03" box="[535,628,722,747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="adult">37 adult</specimenCount>
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female collected from Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary
|
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FFA2FFB44BF7FD4EFDC3FCE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889708" collectionCode="CESL" location="Kerala" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="374" specimenCount-adult="374" stateProvince="Kerala">
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<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44BF7FD4EFAF8FD03" box="[1225,1303,722,747]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFA2FFB44A1AFD4FFA87FD03" box="[1316,1384,723,747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">CESL</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D217882FFA2FFB44A4CFD4FFF20FCE6" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="adult">374 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male collected from Marayoor
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FFA2FFB44D09FD69FB46FCE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889711" box="[567,1193,757,782]" collectionCode="BNHS" location="Kerala" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="378" specimenCount-adult="378" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44D09FD69FD6DFCE6" box="[567,642,757,782]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFA2FFB44D86FD6AFCECFCE6" box="[696,771,758,782]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D217882FFA2FFB44C34FD6AFC9CFCE6" box="[778,883,757,782]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="adult">378 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male collected Chatikulam
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Sri Lanka. Details of collection locality, specimen voucher and GenBank accession number in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA2FFB44FF9FCA0FCADF9DF" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FF9FCA0FEB8FB79" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FF9FCA0FDE8FCBD" bold="true" box="[199,519,828,853]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Diagnosis and comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
A medium to large sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44C1AFCA0FC95FCBC" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1817" box="[804,890,828,852]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44C1AFCA0FC95FCBC" box="[804,890,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by the posterodorsal orientation of lateral scales; antehumeral pit indistinct; 30–35 midbody scale rows; nuchal and dorsal crest continuous, nuchal crest composed of long lanceolate spines; dorsal spines smaller, gradually diminishing in size, extending beyond the midbody; a row of 8–9 compressed supratympanic spines, divided into two groups; dorsal and lateral scales large, smooth or feebly keeled, ventral scales strongly keeled, mucronate, equal to or slightly larger than laterals; paired postmentals, first pair separated by 1 to 2 median scales; 21–24 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 27– 29 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; 10–12 supralabials and 9–11 infralabials; uniform, bright green above, with 5–6 thin white transverse stripes, often continuing on the tail as indistinct bands; a bright red horizontal stripe across the orbit; posterior part of the tail dull brown; ventrally pale green; juveniles bright green, white transverse stripes indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FF9FB01FCADF9DF" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
From other members of Smith’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44D72FB00FD0DFB5C" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[588,738,1180,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44D72FB00FD0DFB5C" box="[588,738,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44C7AFB00FC36FB5C" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[836,985,1180,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44C7AFB00FC36FB5C" box="[836,985,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44CD2FB00FDAEFB3F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44CD2FB00FB7CFB5C" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1004,1171,1180,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">C. nemoricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44B9AFB00FA9DFB5C" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[1188,1394,1180,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisquamis">C. grandisquamis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ABCFB00FF35FB3F" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke & Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">C. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FD8FB5CFEA1FB3F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[230,334,1216,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maria">C. maria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E65FB5CFE3FFB3F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" box="[347,464,1215,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">C. jerdoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44EE2FB5CFDAEFB3F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[476,577,1216,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emma">C. emma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44D45FB5CFCFFFB3F" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[635,784,1216,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44D45FB5CFCFFFB3F" box="[635,784,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. mystaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44C1CFB5CFC7CFB3F" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[802,915,1215,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44C1CFB5CFC7CFB3F" box="[802,915,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: smaller body size: adult SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44DDEFB7EFC69FB12" box="[736,902,1250,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.52" metricValueMax="9.68" metricValueMin="7.359999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="85.19999999999999" valueMax="96.8" valueMin="73.6">73.6–96.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=3 (vs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44CC6FB7FFB4EFB12" box="[1016,1185,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44CC6FB7FFB72FB12" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1016,1181,1250,1274]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">C. nemoricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
adult SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44A18FB7FFF2AFAF5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.234" metricValueMax="1.348" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="123.4" valueMax="134.8" valueMin="112.0">112–134.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=7; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E01FA9AFDE0FAF5" box="[319,527,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E01FA9AFDE5FAF5" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[319,522,1285,1309]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisquamis">C. grandisquamis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
adult SVL 110.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44DDDFA99FCB8FAF5" box="[739,855,1285,1310]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="136.5">136.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=5); 30–35 midbody scale rows (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44A2BFA99FA95FAF6" box="[1301,1402,1285,1310]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0541" metricValueMax="1.143" metricValueMin="0.9652" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="41.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="38.0">38–45 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ABCFA9AFEE8FAA9" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44ABCFA9AFEE8FAA9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, n=9, 36–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44E45FAB4FE5BFAA9" box="[379,436,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="43.0">43 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E82FAB5FDB3FAA9" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[444,604,1321,1345]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E82FAB5FDB3FAA9" box="[444,604,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. nemoricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44D52FAB4FD3FFAA9" box="[620,720,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5367000000000002" metricValueMax="1.6002000000000003" metricValueMin="1.4731999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="60.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="58.0">58–63 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44DE6FAB5FCD3FAA8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[728,828,1321,1344]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44DE6FAB5FCD3FAA8" box="[728,828,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. maria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44C72FAB4FC40FAA9" box="[844,943,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMax="1.4478" metricValueMin="1.143" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="51.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="45.0">45–57 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44C89FAB5FBC7FAA9" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" box="[951,1064,1321,1345]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44C89FAB5FBC7FAA9" box="[951,1064,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. jerdoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44B06FAB4FB74FAA9" box="[1080,1179,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="1.2446" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="57.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="49.0">49–65 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44B9DFAB5FAE8FAA8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1187,1287,1321,1344]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44B9DFAB5FAE8FAA8" box="[1187,1287,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. emma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44A29FAB4FA95FAA9" box="[1303,1402,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3462" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.2192" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="53.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="48.0">48–58 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ABCFAB5FEE5FA8C" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44ABCFAB5FEE5FA8C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. mystaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44E7FFAD0FE4BFA8D" box="[321,420,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.2192" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="54.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="48.0">48–60 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E95FAD0FDE0FA8C" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke & Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[427,527,1356,1380]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E95FAD0FDE0FA8C" box="[427,527,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); ventral scales equal to or slightly larger than laterals (vs. ventral scales smaller than laterals in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E77FAECFD2BFA6F" box="[329,708,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E77FAECFE00FA6F" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[329,495,1391,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">C. nemoricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44EC2FAECFD2BFA6F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[508,708,1391,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisquamis">C. grandisquamis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44DEBFAECFAA8FA6F" box="[725,1351,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44DEBFAECFC87FA6F" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[725,872,1391,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">C. versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44C48FAECFC33FA6F" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke & Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[886,988,1392,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">C. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44CD7FAECFBBDFA6F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1001,1106,1392,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maria">C. maria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44B61FAECFB3AFA6F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" box="[1119,1237,1391,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">C. jerdoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44BDCFAECFAA8FA6F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1250,1351,1392,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emma">C. emma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ABCFAECFEE5FA42" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44ABCFAECFEE5FA42" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. mystaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); crescent-shaped patch of granular scales in front of the shoulder absent (vs. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44BCAFA0FFA7BFA42" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1268,1428,1426,1450]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44BCAFA0FFA7BFA42" box="[1268,1428,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. nemoricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FA9FA2AFDA3FA25" box="[151,588,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44FA9FA2AFE8FFA25" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,352,1461,1485]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisquamis">C. grandisquamis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E55FA2AFE30FA25" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" box="[363,479,1461,1485]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">C. jerdoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ED7FA2AFDA3FA25" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[489,588,1462,1485]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emma">C. emma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44DBCFA2AFCFAFA25" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[642,789,1462,1485]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44DBCFA2AFCFAFA25" box="[642,789,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. mystaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and a row of 8–9 compressed supratympanic spines (vs. row of 3–4 compressed supratympanic spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44DD2FA45FC7CFA19" authorityName=", Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[748,915,1497,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44DD2FA45FC7CFA19" box="[748,915,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. nemoricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44CE9FA45FB4AFA19" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[983,1189,1497,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisquamis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44CE9FA45FB4AFA19" box="[983,1189,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. grandisquamis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; two well separated supratympanic spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44E8EFA60FDABF9FC" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[432,580,1532,1556]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44E8EFA60FDABF9FC" box="[432,580,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; two parallel rows of compressed supratympanic scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44BDAFA60FAA6F9FC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1252,1353,1532,1556]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44BDAFA60FAA6F9FC" box="[1252,1353,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. maria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44ABCFA60FF08F9DF" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44ABCFA60FF08F9DF" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. jerdoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; single well developed postorbital spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA2FFB44DF0F9BCFCDEF9DF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[718,817,1568,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44DF0F9BCFCDEF9DF" box="[718,817,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. emma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA2FFB54FF9F9DEFC85F822" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA2FFB44FF9F9DEFB1EF836" blockId="18.[151,1437,370,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA2FFB44FF9F9DEFEB6F9B3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1602,1627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on specimen CESL 374. A large sized adult male (SVL-
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA2FFB44B16F9DFFB60F9B3" box="[1064,1167,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.47" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="84.7">84.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) collected from a shrub along the road near Marayoor,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA2FFB44D35F9F9FDB6F996" box="[523,601,1637,1662]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Morphometric and meristic data are summarised in Appendix 2 & 3. General habitus moderately compressed. Head moderate (HL/SVL ratio 0.23), elongate (HW/HL ratio 0.73), maximum height slightly less than maximum width; snout pointed; rostral broader than high; nostrils in single nasal shield which is separated from rostral by three scales; mental shield broader than rostral; two postmentals, first pair separated from each other by two small scales; genials smooth; gular sac small, indistinct, composed of strongly keeled scales, slightly smaller than genials; scales on top of snout smooth; scales on top of head heterogenous in size and shape, smooth; canthus-rostralis and supraciliary edge sharp; a row of 8 compressed, spines divided into two groups above the tympanum, the one closer to the nuchal crest longer; orbit diameter 86% of distance between anterior border of orbit and snout tip; tympanum exposed, its greatest diameter 49% of horizontal diameter of orbit; partially keeled, scales between tympanum and orbit smooth, some enlarged, a few with partially keeled edges; posterior region of jaws swollen; supralabials 10/11; infralabials 10/10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB54FF9FF0BFEB1FEA8" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Nuchal crest well developed, dorsal crest slightly reduced, continuous; nuchal crest composed of 12 long, conical spines, the first being the smallest; dorsal crest composed of much smaller spines reaching slightly behind midbody; 30 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; dorsal and lateral scales sub-triangular, smooth, ones on the lower back feebly keeled, oriented postero-dorsally; ventrals strongly keeled, mucronate, almost equal to the dorsal and lateral scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB54FF9FED0FF14FDFF" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
Limbs slender and covered with keeled scales forming parallel longitudinal rows; scales under thighs weakly keeled; length of hindlimb ca. 101 % SVL; relative length of fingers 4>3>5>2>1, second and fifth finger almost equal; relative lengths of toes 4>3>5>2>1; fourth toe much longer than fifth finger; 21 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger; 27 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigital lamellae with sharp keels, bicarinate; slender, swollen at the base; dorsal and ventral tail scales keeled, ventral tail scales mucronate, strongly keeled; tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA3FFB54FA9FE63FF18FDFF" box="[151,247,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="mm" value="268.0">268 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF58E383FFA3FFB54FA9FA71FE1EF9CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440692/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" startId="19.[151,250,1517,1539]" targetBox="[152,1435,589,1496]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB54FA9FA71FE1EF9CA" blockId="19.[151,1436,1517,1570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54FA9FA71FEFDF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1517,1539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral close-up of head characteristics of the four sister clades A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA3FFB54C89FA71FABCF9EB" authority=", B. Microauris, C. Monilesaurus" authorityName="B. Microauris, C. Monilesaurus" box="[951,1363,1517,1539]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54C89FA71FBE4F9EB" box="[951,1035,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Calotes,</emphasis>
|
||
B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54B13FA72FB4EF9EB" box="[1069,1185,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Microauris</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54B9FFA72FB4AF9EB" box="[1185,1189,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">,</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54BF6FA71FABCF9EB" box="[1224,1363,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Monilesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and D.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54FA9F990FEDCF9CA" box="[151,307,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA3FFB54FA9F990FEDFF9CA" authorityName="Pal & Vijayakumar & Shanker & Jayarajan & Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,304,1548,1570]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psammophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB54FF9F9D5FE95F8D2" blockId="19.[151,1437,1609,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54FF9F9D5FEB0F98A" bold="true" box="[199,351,1609,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
In life: dorsum and head uniform, bright green with 5 thin, white transverse stripes, continuing on the tail as indistinct bands; head bright green laterally, lighter towards the cheeks; nuchal spines brownish, a brick red horizontal stripe from posterior corner of the eye till end of orbit, darker behind the eye; few blackish scales below the eye; gular scales lighter, yellowish green; posterior half of the tail dull greyish brown with alternating white bands; tympanum pale grey with greenish edge, ventrally lighter, uniform pale green. Representative image showing live colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFFA3FFB54D89F961FCE5F8FE" box="[695,778,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1998,2020]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,698,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1247,697,1977]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral photograph showing live coloration of A. adult female C. calotes and B. adult male C. cf. versicolor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440682/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). In preservative: colouration mostly similar to that in life, except overall paler.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB54FF9F8D9FC85F822" blockId="19.[151,1437,1609,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54FF9F8D9FD16F8B6" bold="true" box="[199,761,1861,1886]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Variation and secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic and morphometric data of two adult males and one adult female are given in Appendix 2 & 3. The examined specimens agree with each other in general morphology and scalation. The examined female specimen (CESL 037) is slightly larger in size and has much smaller nuchal spines, compared to the males, almost equal to the dorsal spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA3FFB24FF9F849FAFCFF10" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA3FFB24FF9F849FAFCFF10" blockId="19.[151,1437,1609,2030]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54FF9F849FE8FF806" bold="true" box="[199,352,2005,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA3FFB54E59F849FDFCF805" authority="calotes" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[359,531,2005,2029]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA3FFB54E59F849FDFCF805" box="[359,531,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the low and medium elevation dry forests (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFA3FFB54BC6F84AFAA2F805" box="[1272,1357,2006,2030]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) of the southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA4FFB24E18FF04FE6EFF47" box="[294,385,152,175]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA4FFB24EE9FF04FDC4FF47" box="[471,555,152,175]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Eastern" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats and across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFFA4FFB24DCAFF0BFC89FF58" box="[756,870,151,176]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA4FFB24DCAFF0BFCFAFF58" box="[756,789,151,176]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the present study,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA4FFB24B6BFF04FB2BFF58" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1109,1220,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA4FFB24B6BFF04FB2BFF58" box="[1109,1220,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C. calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded from various sites in the low to mid elevation dry and deciduous forests of the southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FFA4FFB24B0BFF21FB7FFF3C" box="[1077,1168,189,212]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats (See Appendix 1 for details). This species is common in and around open scrub, secondary and degraded forest patches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFA4FFB24FF9FE98FC54FE44" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFA4FFB24FF9FE98FC54FE44" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA4FFB24FF9FE98FDF5FEF5" bold="true" box="[199,538,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ecology and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA4FFB24D1FFE98FD23FEF4" authority="calotes" authorityName="calotes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[545,716,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA4FFB24D1FFE98FD23FEF4" box="[545,716,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a diurnal lizard, semi-arboreal to arboreal in habit, and so far, has been recorded mostly in scrub, secondary deciduous forests and plantations. Individuals were mostly seen perching on shrubs, bushes and on trees near edges of forests. In some instances, it has also been observed near villages and within plantations. During this study, it was never recorded from primary evergreen forests. In some sites, they might occur syntopically in the same habitat as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFA4FFB24C1DFE08FC5BFE44" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[803,948,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFA4FFB24C1DFE08FC5BFE44" box="[803,948,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |