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<document id="0D50E98A075F217698B1C6CB7EDAF559" ID-CLB-Dataset="29419" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5916d93e-11d4-49c5-8085-8bcd37d3739b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1440674" ID-ZooBank="10258391-162F-4C7D-AA5E-1A03A4F3FE19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538374587817" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pal, Saunak, Vijayakumar, S. P., Shanker, Kartik, Jayarajan, Aditi &amp; Deepak, V." docDate="2018" docId="038E021DFF92FF824FA9FF0BFA6EFCFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4482.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4482 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monilesaurus montanus Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="FFB77A65FFB0FFA64F3EFF9CFFEFFFE8" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="435" updateTime="1698559486032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69ADFAAE63D3F4763C5D6A1A6D5F60E7">A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9EF9DE4E7EA0EF0AD3FC9A7AF840A6EC">Pal, Saunak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D92A2925765B30ADDAFDCA04CC75FD72">Vijayakumar, S. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="416FA9B0B3C56A75C3BE838311FBE4EC">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A7A458908E880195647BA6276284E4D">Jayarajan, Aditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB8E7DDDDB95B7A5BD637E1CC318B0FE">Deepak, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="24143FCF097C2A7D3C7BE3B6B50BC30D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DDC9F7C013E628B9EE4F61E1367ED151">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F40ECB70B8A09968E5BA47B3E4A177E0">2018-09-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CBEEB1404FF14BB1572ED24EF41D6FA0">4482</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E021DFF92FF824FA9FF0BFA6EFCFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFF92FF824FA9FF0BFA6EFCFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E021DFF92FF824FA9FF0BFA6EFCFC" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF92FF844FA9FF0BFF11FF3C" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FA9FF0BFD6CFF5A" blockId="34.[151,643,151,212]" box="[151,643,151,178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<heading id="D0D00467FF92FF844FA9FF0BFD6CFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,643,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FA9FF0BFD6CFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,643,151,178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844FA9FF0BFE51FF59" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,446,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FA9FF0BFE51FF59" bold="true" box="[151,446,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Monilesaurus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et. sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FA9FF26FF11FF3C" blockId="34.[151,643,151,212]" box="[151,254,186,212]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
(
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF92FF844FA1FF26FF1AFF3C" box="[159,245,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1719,1741]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,445,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[340,1247,445,1697]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral photograph showing live coloration of A. adult male Monilesaurus acanthocephalus gen. et sp. nov. and B. adult male Monilesaurus montanus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440688/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF92FF844FA9FF66FD53FEDE" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FA9FF66FD53FEDE" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FA9FF66FEF1FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,286,250,275]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is derived from the word montane referring to the restricted distribution of this species to high elevation forests (&gt;
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844D1AFE81FD96FEDE" box="[548,633,285,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a.s.l).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF92FF844FF9FEDDFB7CFD8B" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FF9FEDDFB7DFE68" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FF9FEDDFED4FEB2" bold="true" box="[199,315,321,346]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF92FF844FF9FEDDFED9FEB2" box="[199,310,321,346]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844E78FEDEFE7EFEB2" box="[326,401,322,346]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">BNHS</collectionCode>
2411, adult male (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF92FF844D4DFEDDFD25FEB2" box="[627,714,321,346]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[357,1228,822,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[340,1247,807,1843]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Holotype of Monilesaurus montanus sp. nov. (BNHS 2411). (A) full body dorsal (B) ventral (C) flank region (D) dorsal, ventral and lateral views of head. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440700/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), collected at Kudremukh National Park (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF92FF844B87FEDDFAE0FEB2" box="[1209,1295,321,346]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,841,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[152,1435,841,1697]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 14. Habitat of Monilesaurus montanus gen. et sp. nov. at the type locality in Kudremukh hills, showing montane forests." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440702/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844A17FEDDFA73FEB2" box="[1321,1436,321,346]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
(1307'54&quot; N, 07516'39&quot; E;
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844EF9FEFBFDDEFE97" box="[455,561,359,384]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5349" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="m" value="1534.9">1534.9 m</quantity>
a.s.l); by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844D9EFEF4FD20FE68" box="[672,719,360,384]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPP</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844DE4FEF4FCE1FE68" box="[730,782,360,384]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPV</collectionCode>
and KPD on
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844C98FEF4FB62FE68" box="[934,1165,356,384]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2011-09-28">28th September 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FA9FE17FB7CFD8B" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FA9FE17FEF7FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,280,395,420]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Paratypes:</emphasis>
BNHS 2412, adult male and BNHS 2413, adult female collected from Kudremukh National Park,
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF92FF844FA9FE2DFD28FE22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889694" box="[151,711,429,458]" collectingDate="2009-08-21" collectionCode="SPV, ADR" location="Karnataka" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844FA9FE2DFEE5FE22" box="[151,266,433,458]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844E0BFE2EFE87FE22" box="[309,360,434,458]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPV</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844E9EFE2EFE34FE22" box="[416,475,434,458]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12547" name="Adrian College" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">ADR</collectionCode>
on
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FF92FF844D38FE2EFD28FE22" box="[518,711,429,458]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2009-08-21">
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844D38FE2EFD28FE22" box="[518,711,429,458]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2009-08-21">21st August 2009</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; CESL 131, adult female collected from Siruvani reserve forest,
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF92FF844FA9FE4BFD73FE18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889690" box="[151,668,468,496]" collectingDate="2010-07-06" collectionCode="SPP, MPV" location="Kerala" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844FA9FE4BFF0DFE18" box="[151,226,471,496]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Kerala</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844E2BFE44FEABFE18" box="[277,324,472,496]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPP</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844EBDFE44FE2FFE07" box="[387,448,472,495]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">MPV</collectionCode>
on 0
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FF92FF844D3FFE4BFD73FE18" box="[513,668,468,496]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2010-07-06">
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844D3FFE4BFD73FE18" box="[513,668,468,496]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2010-07-06">6th July 2010</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; CESL 133, adult female collected from Walakkad, Silent Valley National Park,
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF92FF844E7CFE61FC9CFDFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889699" box="[322,883,506,534]" collectingDate="2010-11-23" collectionCode="SPP, MPV" location="Kerala" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844E7CFE61FE62FDFE" box="[322,397,509,534]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Kerala</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844E86FE62FE08FDFE" box="[440,487,510,534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPP</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844D1EFE63FDB2FDFE" box="[544,605,511,534]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">MPV</collectionCode>
on
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FF92FF844DB6FE62FC9CFDFE" box="[648,883,506,534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2010-11-23">
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844DB6FE62FC9CFDFE" box="[648,883,506,534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2010-11-23">23rd November 2010</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; CESL 330 adult female and CESL 331 an adult male collected from Naduvattam,
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF92FF844D26FDB8FD87FD8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889704" collectingDate="2011-06-23" collectionCode="SPP" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCode="CESL 529" specimenCount="529" specimenCount-adult="529" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844D26FDB8FD72FDD5" box="[536,669,548,573]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844DF7FDB9FD17FDD5" box="[713,760,549,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPP</collectionCode>
on
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FF92FF844C1DFDB9FC2AFDD5" box="[803,965,544,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2011-06-23">
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844C1DFDB9FC2AFDD5" box="[803,965,544,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2011-06-23">23rd June 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
and
<specimenCode id="DB811B70FF92FF844CC3FDB9FB9CFDD5" box="[1021,1139,548,573]" collectionCode="CESL" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
CESL
<specimenCount id="9D217882FF92FF844B77FDB8FB9CFDD5" box="[1097,1139,548,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="adult">529</specimenCount>
</specimenCode>
adult male collected from Narimala, Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF92FF844D4DFDD6FB60FD8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889691" box="[627,1167,583,611]" collectingDate="2012-03-09" collectionCode="SPP" location="Karnataka" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF92FF844D4DFDD6FD09FD8B" box="[627,742,586,611]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF92FF844C2EFDD7FCD0FD8B" box="[784,831,587,611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">SPP</collectionCode>
and SRC on 0
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FF92FF844CDCFDD7FB60FD8B" box="[994,1167,583,611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2012-03-09">
<date id="FF9995CBFF92FF844CDCFDD7FB60FD8B" box="[994,1167,583,611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2012-03-09">9th March 2012</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF92FF844FF9FDF1FBCBFAC0" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FF9FDF1FED6FC4A" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FF9FDF1FDFEFD6E" bold="true" box="[199,529,621,646]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Diagnosis and comparison.</emphasis>
A medium sized
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844DD7FDF2FC6CFD6E" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[745,899,622,646]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844DD7FDF2FC6CFD6E" box="[745,899,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Monilesaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a maximum SVL of
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844BF8FDF2FADFFD6E" box="[1222,1328,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.34" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="mm" value="83.4">83.4 mm</quantity>
, arboreal species characterized by the backward and downward orientation of lateral body scales; presence of antehumeral fold, throat fold not prominent as the antehumeral fold; 4652 midbody scale rows; nuchal crest composed of 36 small spines; two small separated supratympanic spines; a very small tubercle like postorbital spine barely distinguishable from the surrounding head scales; dorsal and lateral scales feebly keeled, stronger towards ventrals, ventral scales strongly keeled; scales on ventral thigh region feebly keeled; paired postmentals, first pair separated by a single scale; 2124 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 2530 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; 910 supralabials and 89 infralabials; greenish brown above with darker dorsum, a white band below the eye extending till end of jaw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FF9FC31FBCBFAC0" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844FF9FC31FE3AFC2D" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,469,941,965]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FF9FC31FE3AFC2D" box="[199,469,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Monilesaurus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844EE2FC31FD63FC2D" box="[476,652,941,966]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844EE2FC31FD6AFC2E" bold="true" box="[476,645,941,966]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from its sister species based on the combination of following characters: larger body size: adult SVL
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844DD4FC4CFC95FC00" box="[746,890,976,1001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.22" metricValueMax="8.34" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="mm" value="72.2" valueMax="83.4" valueMin="61.0">6183.4 mm</quantity>
, n=8 (vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844CD4FC4DFBBEFC01" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1002,1105,977,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844CD4FC4DFBBEFC01" box="[1002,1105,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844B67FC4CFB36FC00" box="[1113,1241,976,1001]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B67FC4CFB3DFC01" bold="true" box="[1113,1234,976,1001]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult SVL
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844A63FC4CFF12FBE4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.659999999999999" metricValueMax="7.38" metricValueMin="5.9399999999999995" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="mm" value="66.6" valueMax="73.8" valueMin="59.4">59.4 73.8 mm</quantity>
, n=9;
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844E7AFC69FE43FBE4" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[324,428,1013,1036]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E7AFC69FE43FBE4" box="[324,428,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844E8DFC68FDDCFBE4" box="[435,563,1012,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E8DFC68FDC3FBE5" bold="true" box="[435,556,1012,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult SVL
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844D88FC68FCB4FBE4" box="[694,859,1012,1037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.31" metricValueMax="7.4799999999999995" metricValueMin="5.14" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="mm" value="63.099999999999994" valueMax="74.8" valueMin="51.4">51.474.8 mm</quantity>
, n=9); lower number of midbody scale rows 4652 (vs.
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844FF6FB8BFEC3FBD8" box="[200,300,1047,1072]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6002" metricValueMax="1.6256" metricValueMin="1.5748" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="in" value="63.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="62.0">6264 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844E0AFB84FD7BFBD8" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[308,660,1048,1072]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E0AFB84FD7BFBD8" box="[308,660,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844DA2FB8BFCA3FBC7" box="[668,844,1047,1072]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844DA2FB8BFCA9FBD8" bold="true" box="[668,838,1047,1072]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844C62FB8BFC2FFBD8" box="[860,960,1047,1072]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3208000000000002" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="in" value="55.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="52.0">5258 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844CF6FB85FBDFFBD8" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[968,1072,1048,1072]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844CF6FB85FBDFFBD8" box="[968,1072,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844B06FB8BFB57FBC7" box="[1080,1208,1047,1072]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B06FB8BFB5DFBD8" bold="true" box="[1080,1202,1047,1072]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844BF6FB8BFAC3FBD8" box="[1224,1324,1047,1072]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.4224" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="in" value="54.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="52.0">5256 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844A0AFB85FA73FBC7" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1332,1436,1048,1072]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844A0AFB85FA73FBC7" box="[1332,1436,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844FA9FBA7FEF8FBBB" box="[151,279,1083,1108]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FA9FBA7FEFDFBBC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1083,1108]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), presence of a very small, indistinct tubercle like, isolated spine in the posterior corner of orbit (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844E3DFBC3FE84FB9E" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[259,363,1119,1142]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E3DFBC3FE84FB9E" box="[259,363,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844E4CFBC2FE1DFB9E" box="[370,498,1118,1143]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E4CFBC2FE03FB9F" bold="true" box="[370,492,1118,1143]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, long, distinct isolated spine in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844C64FBC3FC2FFB9E" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[858,960,1118,1142]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844C64FBC3FC2FFB9E" box="[858,960,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844CF6FBC2FBA6FB9E" box="[968,1097,1118,1143]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844CF6FBC2FBADFB9F" bold="true" box="[968,1090,1118,1143]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844BBEFBC3FA8BFB9E" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[1152,1380,1118,1142]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844BBEFBC3FA8BFB9E" box="[1152,1380,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844A55FBC2FEE0FB73" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844A55FBC2FEE0FB73" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), 36 small nuchal spines (vs. 78 small nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844C9BFB1FFBE1FB72" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[933,1038,1155,1178]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844C9BFB1FFBE1FB72" box="[933,1038,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844B2BFB1EFB79FB72" box="[1045,1174,1154,1179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B2BFB1EFB7FFB73" bold="true" box="[1045,1168,1154,1179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 6 much longer nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844E38FB3AFE07FB55" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[262,488,1189,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E38FB3AFE07FB55" box="[262,488,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">C. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844ECCFB39FD48FB55" box="[498,679,1189,1214]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844ECCFB39FD4EFB56" bold="true" box="[498,673,1189,1214]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 34 long nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844CD2FB3AFBB9FB55" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1004,1110,1189,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844CD2FB3AFBB9FB55" box="[1004,1110,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844B5EFB39FB0CFB56" box="[1120,1251,1189,1214]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B5EFB39FB0CFB56" bold="true" box="[1120,1251,1189,1214]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
); small isolated spine on the back of head and above tympanum (vs. longer, prominent spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844B77FB56FB5DFB09" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1097,1202,1225,1249]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B77FB56FB5DFB09" box="[1097,1202,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844B83FB55FAAEFB09" box="[1213,1345,1225,1250]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B83FB55FAD5FB0A" bold="true" box="[1213,1338,1225,1250]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844A43FB56FEBAFAED" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844A43FB56FEBAFAED" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844E62FB70FDE5FAED" box="[348,522,1260,1285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E62FB70FDE9FAED" bold="true" box="[348,518,1260,1285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) presence of white band below the eye (vs. none in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844B62FB71FB2BFAEC" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1116,1220,1261,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844B62FB71FB2BFAEC" box="[1116,1220,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844BF2FB70FAA3FAEC" box="[1228,1356,1260,1285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844BF2FB70FAA9FAED" bold="true" box="[1228,1350,1260,1285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; in the form of a spot in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844E66FA8DFE50FAC0" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[344,447,1296,1320]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844E66FA8DFE50FAC0" box="[344,447,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844EF8FA93FDA9FAC0" box="[454,582,1295,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844EF8FA93FDD0FAC0" bold="true" box="[454,575,1295,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF92FF844D42FA8DFC8FFAC0" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[636,864,1296,1320]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844D42FA8DFC8FFAC0" box="[636,864,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">M. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF92FF844C58FA93FBFDFAC0" box="[870,1042,1295,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844C58FA93FBE2FAC0" bold="true" box="[870,1037,1295,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF92FF824FF9FAAFFF5AFE8D" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FF9FAAFFEA8F91D" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF92FF844FF9FAAFFE05FAA4" bold="true" box="[199,490,1331,1356]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
Description of
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF92FF844E42FAAFFE0AFAA4" box="[380,485,1331,1356]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
BNHS 2411, a medium sized agamid, adult male (SVL-
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF92FF844B47FAA8FB09FAA4" box="[1145,1254,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.82" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="mm" value="78.2">78.2 mm</quantity>
). Morphometric and meristic data are summarised in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. General habitus moderately compressed. Head moderately large (HL/SVL ratio 0.31), broad (HW/HL ratio 0.64), maximum height less than maximum width; snout pointed; rostral broader than high; nostrils in single nasal shield, which is separated from rostral by a single scale; mental shield narrower than rostral; two postmentals; first pair separated from each other by a single, small scale; genials keeled; gular sac small, composed of strongly keeled scales, slightly smaller than genials; scales on top of snout smooth except median row, which is keeled; scales on top of head heterogenous in size and shape, keeled; supraorbital scales keeled; canthus-rostralis and supraciliary edge sharp; a very small tubercle like spine at the posterior corner of the orbit; two separated small spines on posterior end of head, the anterior slightly longer, midway between nuchal crest and tympanum, posterior above tympanum; orbit diameter 59% of distance between anterior border of orbit and snout tip; tympanum exposed, its greatest diameter 48% of horizontal diameter of orbit; slightly keeled, enlarged scales between tympanum and orbit; posterior region of jaws swollen; supralabials 9/9; infralabials 8/8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF92FF844FF9F89CFC10F806" blockId="34.[151,1436,250,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Nuchal crest well developed, composed of three primary, conical spines, the first being the shortest, the third longest; the remaining vertebral scales slightly enlarged relative to adjacent rows and possess a median keel forming a slightly elevated ridge like dorsal crest which continues till the tail base; 50 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 40 scales on the mid dorsum; scales on dorsum feebly keeled, oriented backwards, lateral scales smaller than dorsal, keeled, oriented backwards and downwards; ventrals strongly keeled, irregular, slightly smaller than dorsals but of similar size as laterals, genials and gular scales; an oblique antehumeral fold present, weakly developed, feebly extending into a throat fold which is not prominent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF93FF854FF9FF0BFB76FED7" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
Limbs slender and covered with strongly keeled scales, larger than laterals, forming parallel longitudinal rows; scales under thighs weakly keeled; length of hindlimb ca. 71% SVL; relative length of fingers 4&gt;3&gt;2&gt;5&gt;1; relative lengths of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; fourth toe much longer than fifth finger; 23 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger; 28 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigital lamellae with sharp keels, bicarinate; slender, swollen at the base; scales on dorsal and ventral surface of tail with sharp keels, mucronate; tail length
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF93FF854B0BFEB4FB7AFED7" box="[1077,1173,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF93FF854FF9FED0FBF0FD88" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF93FF854FF9FED0FEB0FE8D" bold="true" box="[199,351,332,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Colouration.</emphasis>
In life: dorsum and head yellowish-green with irregular, alternating light and dark brown patches on the back; a dark brownish band from above the shoulder till the dorsal crest forming a v shape; head laterally greenish with a whitish band below the posterior end of eye to end of jaw; broken dark striations from above nostril to anterior margin of orbit extending till the tympanum from the posterior margin of orbit in the form of black band; tympanum pale green, lip scales white; thick blackish triangular patch behind the tympanum continuing to the antehumeral fold; an indistinct thin stripe above the labials from the nostril, ending into a black spot anterior to the tympanum; ventral uniformly lighter, pale grey; gular pouch white, irregular dark striations on the sides; tail with alternating dark and light blotches forming irregular bands towards the end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF93FF854FF9FDF1FE4EFCFD" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">In preservative: dorsum and head buff to light brown with irregular, alternating grey and darker brown patches on the back; tail banded with alternating thick brown and grey blotches; laterally paler with darker brown blotches extending down from the dorsum; lead laterally speckled with grey and brown with a whitish yellow below the posterior end of eye to end of jaw; tympanum pale white, lip scales whitish yellow; ventrally uniform pale grey, lighter below the limbs.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58E383FF93FF854FA9F92AFF0DF902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440702/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" startId="35.[151,250,1718,1740]" targetBox="[152,1435,841,1697]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF93FF854FA9F92AFF0DF902" blockId="35.[151,1436,1718,1770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF93FF854FA9F92AFECEF924" bold="true" box="[151,289,1718,1740]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF93FF854EA4F92AFD7FF924" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[410,656,1718,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF93FF854EA4F92AFD7FF924" box="[410,656,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Monilesaurus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF93FF854DA6F92AFCD3F924" box="[664,828,1718,1740]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF93FF854DA6F92AFCD3F924" bold="true" box="[664,828,1718,1740]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
at the type locality in Kudremukh hills, showing montane forests.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF93FF824FF9F88BFDBDFF3C" blockId="35.[151,1436,1815,2020]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF93FF854FF9F88BFCEEF8D8" bold="true" box="[199,769,1815,1840]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Variation and secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data for the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF93FF854BEDF884FAECF8D8" box="[1235,1283,1816,1840]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">type</typeStatus>
specimens is presented in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. Adult male
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF93FF854DA3F8A0FCE6F8BC" box="[669,777,1852,1876]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
range from
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF93FF854C9DF8A7FBC5F8BC" box="[931,1066,1851,1876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" metricValueMax="7.88" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="69.9" valueMax="78.8" valueMin="61.0">6178.8mm</quantity>
in SVL, whereas adult female
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF93FF854FA9F8FCFEEDF890" box="[151,258,1888,1912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
range from
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF93FF854EA4F8C3FDDAF890" box="[410,565,1887,1912]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.59" metricValueMax="8.34" metricValueMin="6.84" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="75.9" valueMax="83.4" valueMin="68.4">68.483.4mm</quantity>
in SVL. The
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF93FF854DDDF8FCFCA1F890" box="[739,846,1888,1912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
agree with the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF93FF854B30F8C3FB9FF890" box="[1038,1136,1887,1912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(BNHS 2411) in general morphology and scalation except for the following characters: 4652 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 21 24 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 2530 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe. Supralabials 8 on the right in CESL 124; infralabials 8 on the right in CESL 133 and 8 on the left in CESL 529. All the examined female
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF94FF824FA9FF04FEEDFF58" box="[151,258,152,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(CESL 126, CESL 131, CESL 133 and CESL 331) have slightly smaller nuchal spines compared to the males; lack a dorsal crest and gular sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF94FF824FF9FF43FF5AFE8D" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FF9FF43FE7CFF10" bold="true" box="[199,403,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Genetic distance.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824EA7FF7DFDC3FF10" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[409,556,225,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824EA7FF7DFDC3FF10" box="[409,556,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824D0DFF43FD0FFF1F" box="[563,736,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824D0DFF43FD35FF10" bold="true" box="[563,730,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows 01% intraspecific genetic divergence in the 16S gene; 78% interspecific genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824DB4FE99FD1DFEF4" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[650,754,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824DB4FE99FD1DFEF4" box="[650,754,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824DC4FE98FC94FEF4" box="[762,891,260,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824DC4FE98FC9BFEF5" bold="true" box="[762,884,260,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 48% interspecific genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824A43FE99FF37FEA8" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824A43FE99FF37FEA8" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824FE1FEBBFEB1FED7" box="[223,350,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FE1FEBBFEB8FEA8" bold="true" box="[223,343,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 23 % interspecific genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824CB6FEB5FB84FEA8" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[904,1131,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824CB6FEB5FB84FEA8" box="[904,1131,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824B4FFEBBFAF1FED7" box="[1137,1310,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824B4FFEBBFAF9FEA8" bold="true" box="[1137,1302,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Appendix 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF94FF824FF9FEF3FD17FE1D" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF94FF824FF9FEF3FD17FE1D" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FF9FEF3FE8FFE60" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,392]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824E59FEECFD9AFE60" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,629,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824E59FEECFD9AFE60" box="[359,629,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Monilesaurus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824D42FEF3FCC5FE6F" box="[636,810,367,392]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824D42FEF3FCCCFE60" bold="true" box="[636,803,367,392]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is endemic to the
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF94FF824CC3FEECFBB7FE6F" box="[1021,1112,368,391]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats and distributed across the high elevation evergreen forests (above
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF94FF824DBBFE08FD34FE44" box="[645,731,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
asl) of central
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF94FF824CBBFE09FC0FFE44" box="[901,992,405,428]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats. During this study,
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824A37FE09FA73FE44" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[1289,1436,405,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824A37FE09FA73FE44" box="[1289,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824FA9FE2BFEA7FE27" box="[151,328,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FA9FE2BFEAEFE38" bold="true" box="[151,321,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was recorded from montane forests of the following hill ranges: Kudremukh, Brahmagiri, Nilgiri and Elivalmalai (See
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF94FF824EB9FE40FE27FE1C" box="[391,456,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[434,1141,804,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[324,1231,696,1979]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing distribution of members of Monilesaurus gen. nov. across the Western Ghats, India. Coloured symbols indicate selected sampling localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440680/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
&amp; Appendix 1 for details).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF94FF824FF9FE63FA6EFCFC" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF94FF824FF9FE63FA6EFCFC" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FF9FE63FDCEFDF0" bold="true" box="[199,545,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Ecology and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824D14FD9CFCD5FDF0" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[554,826,512,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824D14FD9CFCD5FDF0" box="[554,826,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Monilesaurus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824C7AFE63FC18FDFF" box="[836,1015,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824C7AFE63FC1DFDF0" bold="true" box="[836,1010,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is a diurnal lizard, semi-arboreal to arboreal in habit and so far, has been recorded from montane shola forests (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF94FF824CE1FDB8FBDDFDD4" box="[991,1074,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,841,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[152,1435,841,1697]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 14. Habitat of Monilesaurus montanus gen. et sp. nov. at the type locality in Kudremukh hills, showing montane forests." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440702/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Individuals were mostly found at night, sleeping on branches of stunted trees within sholas or actively moving on tree trunks. Only in one instance, a female specimen (CESL 133) was found in evergreen forest at a slightly lower elevation (ca.
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF94FF824A78FDF0FA73FD6C" box="[1350,1436,620,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
asl). In some sites, the lower elevational limits of their distributional range might overlap with the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824A43FD0DFF37FD24" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824A43FD0DFF37FD24" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824FE1FD28FEB0FD24" box="[223,351,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824FE1FD28FEB6FD25" bold="true" box="[223,345,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but these two species were not observed to be syntopic in any of the sites. A gravid female was recorded in the month of July in Siruvani reserve forest, which hints that pre-monsoon might be a breeding season for this species.
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF94FF824E73FD61FE80FCFC" box="[333,367,765,788]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">No</collectingRegion>
other congeners were found to be syntopically distributed with
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF94FF824B04FD61FB22FCFC" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[1082,1229,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824B04FD61FB22FCFC" box="[1082,1229,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF94FF824BEAFD60FA6EFCFC" box="[1236,1409,764,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF94FF824BEAFD60FA94FCFD" bold="true" box="[1236,1403,764,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>