133 lines
16 KiB
XML
133 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="31692" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab19cb73-5fe3-408e-a5b2-87e5a4869bd2" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-60-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" ID-ZBK="9C85B6401F1B478DACE75AA899DE42FC" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138890" ID-ZooBank="9C85B6401F1B478DACE75AA899DE42FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-60-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses" checkinTime="1509376712577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brothers, Denis J. & Lelej, Arkady S." docDate="2017" docId="ED1E6DE01F1FD83001FB11053948C341" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 60: 1-97" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60" docPubDate="2017-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091" docTitle="Chrestomutilla Brothers & Lelej 2017, trib. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="98A799DE-7235-4C2B-9009-F12FC85D7525" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" id="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1732797816457" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F1A967C60ED507971C0D4428395F3CBF">Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1F521202BEAF6ED73E36F85C6B728731">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CBD6DCDB92C096A9132467D625E605DF">Brothers, Denis J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B0A52256EDCC256A0F8718AF6F3053D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-514X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="09A07A755DF22C908D2CF6EFF331C3A1">School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville (Pietermaritzburg), 3209 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3745CAA3C664C1C12C90BB6B0A01603A" type="email">brothers@ukzn.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9F26C9BF1983FC454CCBABA05470C7EC">Lelej, Arkady S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="215523E8F9BE030B15EA40742206855F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7501-0981</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D1854F5386583A0BF63C503D9CEC655">Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3AEE5EFF6DC95ABFAB996F0700D5C474">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="81EA103CC01C8EFFE4481EC14E182D9E">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="64025505D1C5DAEBC7D359522D33D534">
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<mods:date id="3AF1733B00C5FF59E902115E8153D66E">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00E87B973ED210EB90F9F43B4DC2CFC0">2017-10-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E65B1EBE06F2DE15F91FCAB847FB8E94">60</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="33A6686DB81B359B35AF384266899E55">97</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1068B49D1ACEE499E632C2E5D285D13A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EF0369BA710C375275FFE4832FCC2A07" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED1E6DE01F1FD83001FB11053948C341" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137468010" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:98A799DE-7235-4C2B-9009-F12FC85D7525" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED1E6DE01F1FD83001FB11053948C341" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" scope_family="Mutillidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="91FAA30405ED1F9007704AAD336DEB58" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF6EF0FBB4BC10B47E83743A559552F4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="86D3595D06D3C854DEE4775024D6CED8" LSID="http://zoobank.org/98A799DE-7235-4C2B-9009-F12FC85D7525" authority="Brothers & Lelej" authorityName="Brothers & Lelej" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. n." tribe="Ctenotillini">Ctenotillini Brothers & Lelej</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DDEF2658A25DFD59C14EE1EEF2073DB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">trib. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF450746D0E32EB6E2D38195717B7FD9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="type genus">
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<paragraph id="DC1B9C7FBB6E108D6D481D1C3B6394CF" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4F557C199BDA97923C25B94B0BDD61" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="AE39001DA120C5124301EF3E7673C099" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ctenotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenotilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6CCCA33DBA8C90D528CECAD6BA2A8D51" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bischoff, 1920. A group including four terminals (
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<taxonomicName id="E1FA89D3CB7AA4EACA65EC836F5400FC" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Mimecomutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimecomutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BE85F45211E3CD43D836AD06893FBA9B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mimecomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="41502882F24E43BFBC694137CD7B5A3B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">s.s.</emphasis>
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-
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<taxonomicName id="75FB89C86DD5EFA2C2AA3732AA02D364" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ctenotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenotilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74E1D0E03C2B5AE6EDF2A64A62ACCA58" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ctenotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) was found to be monophyletic in all analyses with high resampling support and almost always with
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<taxonomicName id="3D635872B2F6F3250C04CDD732FD5077" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" genus="Pristomutilla" lsidName="Pristomutilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45A538E1B77DC260193FD04E7C871FC1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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just basal to it, although generally without support;
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<taxonomicName id="008F6050FE52B718738B523FFFD028B5" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" genus="Pristomutilla" lsidName="Pristomutilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0AC558193FF0E472F57CA73ADBE9DAF" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was more distant in the analysis in which the most-polymorphic characters had been deleted (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="43B0ED278C1C34D8194EAE03918EF9F0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 2024, ci = 0.21, ri = 0.63), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups both sexes, 198 characters (32 of the original 230 deleted, those found to be polymorphic in at least 10 % of terminals) many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 81). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164831" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</figureCitation>
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), but the five terminals formed a monophyletic group in the analysis of males only (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="137976D2DAAFE6023C5A39A7226AD31B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 1622, ci = 0.20, ri = 0.63), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups, males only, 140 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 71). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164833" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</figureCitation>
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), and they were greatly disrupted in the analysis of females only (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="1C39340C03A006FCDBBB64BF2CD28BFB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 1134, ci = 0.19, ri = 0.61), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups, females only, 97 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 81). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164832" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</figureCitation>
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). As discussed above, inclusion of
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<taxonomicName id="3AB78CA19A5E5D34BC26D56C5C9FF610" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" genus="Pristomutilla" lsidName="Pristomutilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="56E0F63D9934E38C91211797969FF40A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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here seems justified. Given the uncertainties surrounding
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<taxonomicName id="F4999D2453D0B69F64782897E6AF6285" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" genus="Pristomutilla" lsidName="Pristomutilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31FF9A4ADB2178330EFCC28E46977DCA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it is notable that the
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<taxonomicName id="3C26DECB81F38E48A9C5332393EEA3B8" authorityName="Brothers & Lelej" authorityYear="2017" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="tribe" tribe="Ctenotillini">Ctenotillini</taxonomicName>
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has resampling support (although very low, here GC = 8), but it is not supported by any unique synapomorphies; there is a single unambiguously placed homoplasious synapomorphy for both additive and non-additive characters: 111.0, flagellomere I <0.6
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<normalizedToken id="C7245BD6C44BF7B15579F023174789E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of flagellomere II in males (also in most smicromyrmines, some ephutines and some scattered terminals elsewhere). There are also four ambiguously placed homoplasious synapomorphies, the most significant being: 34.1, prementum with posterior dome-like tubercle in females (also in a very few scattered terminals elsewhere, and absent in some
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<taxonomicName id="B92BC979FBEB283D47E2CD9B4780CB8E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" genus="Pristomutilla" lsidName="Pristomutilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AAD2A61648708CD18CC55C5AE418E3F3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 52.4, posterodorsal margin of propodeum with>3 spines in females (also in
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<taxonomicName id="DEF702BE7B0176097619A1AA73496DC3" authorityName="Casal" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Lynchiatilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lynchiatilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7C71A3C38F4536F527632A3084A0DB03" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lynchiatilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3B0D458AE9EA800EA1178F1746741A8A" genus="Ceratotilla" lsidName="Ceratotilla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6B3830E28A57C93284799065C44C0896" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceratotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="60C4AEEE211783DB61D415BDE9012E24" authorityName="Nonveiller" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Acanthomutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthomutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B3A349FEAE2F96F46F043F09C9C6CC8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acanthomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and no spines in
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<taxonomicName id="F1FAEFD48FF8478B317D4487444B7579" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Mimecomutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimecomutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="167B617DAD8AC80C5B65103534074B0F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mimecomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="D8CFCB2510C707EDA7E63C446C88ED9E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">s.s.</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="44B8E3B7534D22195A62AD66D89627B2" authorityName="Nonveiller" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Mimecotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimecotilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="772957F603D0D0D481B6AFC6CAACCEA1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mimecotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Despite the fairly poor support for this group as reflected in the trees, we propose that it be formally recognized, specially since it appears as sister to the remaining
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<taxonomicName id="25DF0C5E386A38C3A5D8DE511F94B4D6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mutillinae">Mutillinae</taxonomicName>
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, with some resampling support, in the proposed final arrangement (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="130E7BDA5B2688B2B49F1449770DC87E" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Tree based on preferred tree (see Fig. 5) but with branches re-arranged to make the potential recognizable groups (see Fig. 12) monophyletic (length = 2858, ci = 0.19, ri = 0.60). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling; the highest values obtained when resampling all non-additive or mostly additive characters, using equal weights and implied weights (N = 5), are shown. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164836" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13</figureCitation>
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). The tribe is Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic in distribution, with 13 sub/genera; females are known for 77% and males for 92% of those taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |