197 lines
28 KiB
XML
197 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="E8C5D4D1C024F9BF35252A4EEAF6D33A" ID-CLB-Dataset="27991" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4510.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3128a32-5f0b-413e-a755-c859bdd7cac4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10072806" ID-ZooBank="EAA35595-0972-4CF8-A128-16267A59112B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553597889117" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ingrisch, Sigfrid" docDate="2018" docId="5359945697C1FF17FF75FF1AFCB5B898" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4510.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4510 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Capnogryllacris (Capnogryllacris) sakaerat subsp. toxica Ingrisch 2018, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="AF60EC2E9757FF81FFE2FF8DFFFEBF2F" masterDocTitle="New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1699662454306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F06D03CC6E0C5D7DBFC53E352E894F25">New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="669E4D3993D045C2F9A02BA7DDA8C5BB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="54294113B3FFC5F7A66D0234ABAF3088">Ingrisch, Sigfrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D03C05827D6BDB1AD559DBF6002AF939">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F142CEEE7F3942E3E4BE5A97EDD71D72">
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<mods:date id="DBF302BB5B0929231656FB8EAA6E618D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3F0F9B327C77785F8AC556CC2069E103">2018-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C56424C38E9FD231A0ED8C2F8F857D53">4510</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="647F90A9B892C3E502C15416B55C4418" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4510.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5359945697C1FF17FF75FF1AFCB5B898" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5987157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154497763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5987157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5359945697C1FF17FF75FF1AFCB5B898" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5359945697C1FF17FF75FF1AFCB5B898" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF75FF1AFD43BF9D" box="[151,701,151,178]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF75FF1AFD43BF9D" blockId="150.[151,701,151,211]" box="[151,701,151,178]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<heading id="8007922C97C1FF17FF75FF1AFD43BF9D" bold="true" box="[151,701,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF75FF1AFD43BF9D" bold="true" box="[151,701,151,178]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FF75FF1AFDB3BF9E" ID-CoL="8Q675" authority="Ingrisch, 2018" authorityName="Ingrisch" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,589,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sakaerat" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Capnogryllacris" subSpecies="toxica">
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF75FF1AFDB3BF9E" bold="true" box="[151,589,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Capnogryllacris (C.) sakaerat toxica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2B7442997C1FF17FDB6FF15FD43BF9D" box="[596,701,152,178]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" rank="subSpecies">
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FDB6FF15FD46BF9D" box="[596,696,152,178]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="nov">ssp. nov</taxonomicName>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF75FF37FD6FBFFC" box="[151,657,186,211]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF75FF37FD6FBFFC" blockId="150.[151,701,151,211]" box="[151,657,186,211]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FF75FF37FF0FBFFC" box="[151,241,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="136.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[170,1429,193,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[163,1429,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURE 47. Genus Capnogryllacris, Habitus dorsal view: A–B, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003 male (A) and female (B); C, C. basaliatrata (Griffini, 1909) male Brunner's type of G. atrata in NHMW; D–E, C. khmerica Gorochov, 2003 male (D) and female (E); F, C. elongata (Fritze, 1908) male; G, C. e. erythrocephala Gorochov, 2003 female; H, C. proxima Gorochov, 2003 female; I, C. (D.) f. fasciculata (Pictet & Sauss., 1891) male; J, C. s. sakaerat Dawwrueng et al., 2015 female; K–L, C. s. toxica ssp. nov. male holotype (K) and female paratype (L). Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109110/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Figs. 47</figureCitation>
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K–L, 48N, 50 E, 51E–F, 100E, 101A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF75FE8FFB61BE4C" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF75FE8FFE38BE10" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF75FE8FFE7CBE34" bold="true" box="[151,386,258,283]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="6B982F1D97C1FF17FE6EFE8FFE38BE10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028147600" collectingDate="1989-09-13" collectingDateMax="1989-09-14" collectingDateMin="1989-09-13" collectorName="S. Ingrisch" country="Thailand" elevation="1000" latitude="16.783333" location="Nam Nao" longLatPrecision="1281" longitude="101.45" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phetchabun" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="044B9BE297C1FF17FE6EFE8FFE0ABE34" box="[396,500,258,283]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(male):
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<collectingCountry id="A3E765D097C1FF17FDB5FE8FFD41BE34" box="[599,703,258,283]" name="Thailand" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="1934EBA297C1FF17FD2EFE8FFCACBE34" box="[716,850,258,283]" country="Thailand" name="Phetchabun" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Phetchabun</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="DE2F739B97C1FF17FCBDFE8EFC2FBE35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5359945697C1FF17FF75FF1AFCB5B898:DE2F739B97C1FF17FCBDFE8EFC2FBE35" box="[863,977,259,282]" country="Thailand" latitude="16.783333" longLatPrecision="1281" longitude="101.45" name="Nam Nao" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" stateProvince="Phetchabun">Nam Nao</location>
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, elev.
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<quantity id="1C0888A597C1FF17FBF9FE8EFB8CBE35" box="[1051,1138,259,283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1000.0">
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<elevation id="50DDC27397C1FF17FBF9FE8EFB8CBE35" box="[1051,1138,259,283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="BEC4438797C1FF17FB66FE8FFB1DBE34" box="[1156,1251,258,283]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="16.783333">16°47'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BEC4438797C1FF17FB13FE8EFAA2BE34" box="[1265,1372,259,283]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="101.45">101°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date id="AF4E038097C1FF17FA90FE8EFEEFBE10" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" value="1989-09-13" valueMax="1989-09-14" valueMin="1989-09-13">
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<collectingDate id="BF0AFA6897C1FF17FA90FE8EFEEFBE10" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" value="1989-09-13" valueMax="1989-09-14" valueMin="1989-09-13">13– 14.ix.1989</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="7605409697C1FF17FEAFFEAAFE38BE10" box="[333,454,294,319]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">S. Ingrisch</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FEC7FB61BE4C" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" box="[199,1183,330,355]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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Other specimens studied: same data as holotype—
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<specimenCount id="CDF6EEC997C1FF17FD1CFEC7FC99BE4C" box="[766,871,330,355]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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(
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<typeStatus id="044B9BE297C1FF17FC94FEC6FC1BBE4C" box="[886,997,331,355]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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) (Bonn ZFMK).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF25FEE3FF00BDE5" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FEE3FF00BDE5" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF25FEE3FEBFBEA8" bold="true" box="[199,321,366,391]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The new subspecies is close to
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FD44FEE2FD27BEA9" box="[678,729,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C. s.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FD02FEE3FE64BE84" authority="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom (2015 a)" authorityName="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat">
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FD02FEE3FCBEBEA9" box="[736,832,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">sakaerat</emphasis>
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Dawwrueng
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FC3AFEE2FBF6BEA9" box="[984,1032,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">et al</emphasis>
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.,
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<quantity id="1C0888A597C1FF17FBFCFEE3FB8DBEA8" box="[1054,1139,366,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1181" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" unit="in" value="2015.0">2015 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="BF6158B197C1FF17FB98FEE3FE64BE84" author="Gorochov, A. V. & Dawwrueng, P. & Artchawakom, T." pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="565 - 577" refId="ref185024" refString="Gorochov, A. V., Dawwrueng, P. & Artchawakom, T. (2015 a) Study of Gryllacridinae (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) from Thailand and adjacent countries: the genera Ultragryllacris gen. nov. and Capnogryllacris. Zootaxa, 4021 (4), 565 - 577. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4021.4.6" type="journal article" year="2015">Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom (2015a)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs in both sexes by markedly shorter wings. The apical spines of the male ninth abdominal tergite with swollen base followed by a long acute spine is similar in both taxa but crossing in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FA87FE3AFF25BEDD" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C. c. toxica</emphasis>
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; slight differences might be due to individual variation. The male subgenital plate has the apical margin only slightly concave in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FE93FE72FE0EBD39" box="[369,496,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C. c. toxica</emphasis>
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instead of deeper and more angularly excised in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FBF6FE72FB53BD39" box="[1044,1197,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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C. s.
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FBAFFE73FB53BD39" authorityName="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom" authorityYear="2015" box="[1101,1197,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat">sakaerat</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and the styli in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FA8AFE72FF25BD15" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C. c. toxica</emphasis>
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are stout at base and distinctly conical while in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FCE3FDAEFC62BD14" box="[769,924,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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C. s.
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FCDEFDAEFC62BD14" authorityName="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom" authorityYear="2015" box="[828,924,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat">sakaerat</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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they appear of equal width and little curved. The female of
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FEDDFDCAFE3CBD71" box="[319,450,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C. c. toxica</emphasis>
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differs from that of
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FD4FFDCAFCB4BD71" box="[685,842,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
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C. s.
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FD08FDCBFCB4BD71" authorityName="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom" authorityYear="2015" box="[746,842,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat">sakaerat</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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by the seventh abdominal sternite having the apical margin slightly concave in middle instead of roundly projecting, the basal groove of the subgenital plate is without stiffened rim, and the apical lobes of the subgenital plate are shorter and more distant from each other than in
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<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FA8BFD02FF09BDE4" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
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C. s.
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<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FF75FD3EFF09BDE4" authorityName="Dawwrueng et al., 2015 in Gorochov, Dawwrueng & Artchawakom" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,247,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Capnogryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakaerat">sakaerat</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF25FD5BFE6AB9B9" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FD5BFCAEBC74" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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||
<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF25FD5BFEA7BDC0" bold="true" box="[199,345,726,751]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Description.</emphasis>
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Medium sized species. Head: Face ovoid; forehead in middle with fine riffles, laterally nearly smooth; fastigium verticis distinctly wider than scapus; ocelli distinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; subocular furrows shallow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FCD2FC93FC64BC18" box="[816,922,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@137.[151,1436,193,1460]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genus Capnogryllacris: A–C, C. varifrons sp. nov.; D, C. e. fuscifrons ssp. nov.; E, C. humberti (Griffini, 1914); F, C. nigromaculata sp. nov.; G, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003; H, C. e. erythrocephala Gorochov, 2003; I, C. e. borealis Gorochov, 2003; J, C. s. sakaerat Dawwrueng et al., 2015; K, C. elongata (Fritze, 1908); L, C. f. fasciculata (Pictet & Sauss., 1891); M, C. proxima Gorochov, 2003; N, C. s. toxica ssp. nov.; O, C. khmerica Gor.—Face female (A, E, G, I, J, N, O) and male (B–D, F, H, K–M); not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109112/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 48N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal tergites two and three with few largely reduced, indistinct, not easily visible stridulatory pegs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FCEBFB2BBB20" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Wings: Tegmen strongly shortened, surpassing tip of first abdominal tergite but not reaching tip of second tergite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FF0FFC07FEC3BC8C" box="[237,317,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="136.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[170,1429,193,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[163,1429,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURE 47. Genus Capnogryllacris, Habitus dorsal view: A–B, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003 male (A) and female (B); C, C. basaliatrata (Griffini, 1909) male Brunner's type of G. atrata in NHMW; D–E, C. khmerica Gorochov, 2003 male (D) and female (E); F, C. elongata (Fritze, 1908) male; G, C. e. erythrocephala Gorochov, 2003 female; H, C. proxima Gorochov, 2003 female; I, C. (D.) f. fasciculata (Pictet & Sauss., 1891) male; J, C. s. sakaerat Dawwrueng et al., 2015 female; K–L, C. s. toxica ssp. nov. male holotype (K) and female paratype (L). Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109110/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
K–L). Tegmen: venation strongly reduced. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 2–6 external and 3–7 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins without pre-apical spines, only with 3 apical spurs on both sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FB97FD1DBBB0" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Coloration. Strikingly colored; dorsally with alternating black and yellow bands and red head; legs medium brown, on underside yellow brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FDDBFBB3FD47BB78" box="[569,697,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@269.[147,1440,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 100. A, Eugryllacris serricauda sp. nov. male holotype; B, Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris) longiloba Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015 male; C, do. female; D, Capnogryllacris (C.) p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003 male (photo by Jérome Constant); E, Capnogryllacris (C.) sakaerat toxica ssp. nov. male holotype; F–G, Siamgryllacris rufa sp. nov. female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109216/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Figs. 100E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FD24FBB2FCF6BB78" box="[710,776,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 101" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,195,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@270.[148,1439,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 101. A, Capnogryllacris (C.) sakaerat toxica ssp. nov. female paratype; B, Furcilarnaca salit sp. nov. male holotype; C, Ultragryllacris triangula sp. nov. male; D, Ultragryllacris pulchra nan ssp. nov. male holotype; E, Larnaca (L.) nigricornis sp. nov. female; F, Ocellarnaca angulata Gorochov, 2004 female; G, Larnaca (Larnaca) squamiptera sp. nov. female holotype; H, Siamgryllacris rufa sp. nov. female. Photos E–F by Jérome Constant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109218/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">101A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face uniformly red brown, ocelli and a spot on clypeus yellow. Tegmen black with a yellow spot at base; a small circle in mid-length and at tip yellowish semi-transparent; hind wing shorter than and hidden under fore wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FB27FA9ABA7C" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Male. Eighth abdominal tergite not much longer than seventh. Ninth abdominal tergite globular, black, with a light brown furrow in midline, at apex on both sides of furrow with a small yellow swelling followed by a long, black, compressed, acute spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FDE0FB7FFD97BA24" box="[514,617,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="139.[151,250,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@139.[150,1437,193,1546]" captionTargetPageId="139" captionText="FIGURE 50. Genus Capnogryllacris: A–B, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003; C, C. khmerica Gorochov, 2003; D, C. basaliatrata (Griffini, 1909); E, C. s. toxica ssp. nov.; F–G, C. elongata (Fritze, 1908); H, C. f. fasciculata (Pictet & Sauss., 1891).—Male abdominal apex in apical or ventro-apical view to show projections of ninth abdominal tergite (in B–H also subgenital plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109116/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 50E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paraproctes forming extended plates from base of cerci, narrowing and overlapping each other in midline. Subgenital plate wider than long with a slight depression in middle, lateral margin convex, apical margin concave; stout, conical and slightly curved styli inserted at apico-lateral angles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25FAD3FE79B904" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Female. Seventh abdominal sternite of normal shape but with apical margin faintly concave in middle. Intersegmental membrane between seventh sternite and subgenital plate strongly prolonged; sclerotised part of subgenital plate forming an elevated half-ring with hind margin concave in middle, only laterally it extends as a small band along to about half of that membranous area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FCFAFA47FC80BACC" box="[792,894,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="140.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@140.[151,1436,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genus Capnogryllacris: A–B, C. varifrons sp. nov.; C–D, C. humberti (Griffini, 1914); E–F, C. s. toxica ssp. nov.; G–I, C. s. sakaerat Dawwrueng et al., 2015; J–K, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003; L–M, C. khmerica Gorochov, 2003; N–O, C. proxima Gorochov, 2003; P–Q, C. e. erythrocephala Gorochov, 2003; R–S, C. e. borealis Gorochov, 2003.— Female end of abdomen with seventh sternite and subgenital plate in ventral view (A, C, E, G, J, L, N, P, R), habitus lateral view (H), ovipositor (B, D, F, I, K, M, O, Q, S). Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109118/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||
). With a small sclerite before base of ovipositor. Ovipositor elongate, substraight, with slightly converging margins; before tip margins more strongly narrowing, tip subobtuse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43CB39C597C1FF17FEF4F99FFE84B904" box="[278,378,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="140.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@140.[151,1436,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genus Capnogryllacris: A–B, C. varifrons sp. nov.; C–D, C. humberti (Griffini, 1914); E–F, C. s. toxica ssp. nov.; G–I, C. s. sakaerat Dawwrueng et al., 2015; J–K, C. p. phaeocephala Gorochov, 2003; L–M, C. khmerica Gorochov, 2003; N–O, C. proxima Gorochov, 2003; P–Q, C. e. erythrocephala Gorochov, 2003; R–S, C. e. borealis Gorochov, 2003.— Female end of abdomen with seventh sternite and subgenital plate in ventral view (A, C, E, G, J, L, N, P, R), habitus lateral view (H), ovipositor (B, D, F, I, K, M, O, Q, S). Scales 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109118/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25F9BAFE6AB9B9" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<specimenCount id="CDF6EEC997C1FF17FE9DF9BAFE30B960" box="[383,462,1590,1615]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CDF6EEC997C1FF17FE3FF9BAFDB1B960" box="[477,591,1590,1615]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
).—body w/o wings: male 30, female 31–33; pronotum: male 5.5, female 6.0–6.5; tegmen: male 7.5, female 7–9; hind femur: male 16.5, female 16.5–17.0; antenna: female 80; ovipositor: female 19.5–22.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF25F92FFEF9B8BC" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25F92FFEF9B8BC" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF25F92FFEB2B994" bold="true" box="[199,332,1698,1723]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
When found, the specimens were sitting free at the roadside in low vegetation during the daytime. This seemed to be a strange behavior as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CF05EC397C1FF17FD89F94BFCF3B9F0" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[619,781,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gryllacridinae">Gryllacridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually nocturnal and hidden during the daytime and very difficult to find. On collecting the individuals were kept separately in rather large glass jars for transport. But a check after less than one hour revealed that they all had died. Opening the jars, a light smell of bitter almonds appeared. They had obviously poisoned themselves as reaction of the previous handling. Thus we may conclude that the conspicuous color of their body is a warning coloration to announce their unpalatability against potential predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="93EA76CB97C1FF17FF25F813FCB5B898" box="[199,843,1950,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB4F254097C1FF17FF25F813FCB5B898" blockId="150.[151,1437,258,1975]" box="[199,843,1950,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="E984F95297C1FF17FF25F813FEB0B898" bold="true" box="[199,334,1950,1975]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new subspecies is named for its toxicity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |