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<document id="B72DC04CC5D6850F14A374EB336B8167" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188483" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e8d4162-2f6f-45f6-be6d-a88dac46a1cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188483" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461093921016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Janussen, Dorte &amp; Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2009" docId="434A87A6FFB7FFD8FF53FF14FE1F8AA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02136p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2136" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lophocalyx profundum Janussen &amp; Reiswig, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="BF73FFDEFFB1FFD1FFC4FF83FFBC8B68" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698588742430" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="33C0BF8E59857D2696B945B646BB15B5">Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="285B281849FE64012BB4F4BD3D3AAFDA">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="652F8670B879D179AB874163C12713DE">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C6020C08F35AAC3456E32A185F2BC57D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="54E52AAEB5ABDBE034FBE4D2FE2AD16A">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3095E382F3AB8EED9AAC6DB9089B932B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9C9F494038D2C60C00FE812C5C63A572">2136</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9C9A765082871E7B5AC328DA7FCAB431" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188483</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FE1BF102041DA234FDA012C765FAD08" type="Zenodo-Dep">188483</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="434A87A6FFB7FFD8FF53FF14FE1F8AA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611962" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:434A87A6FFB7FFD8FF53FF14FE1F8AA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/434A87A6FFB7FFD8FF53FF14FE1F8AA8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE288BBC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE428BD9" blockId="6.[151,510,151,212]" box="[151,510,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="901481DCFFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE428BD9" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE428BD9" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE098BD9" ID-CoL="8558C" box="[151,437,151,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profundum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FF53FF14FE098BD9" bold="true" box="[151,437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lophocalyx profundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFB7FFD7FE78FF14FE428BD9" box="[444,510,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB7FFD7FF53FF39FE288BBC" blockId="6.[151,510,151,212]" box="[151,404,186,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB7FFD7FF5BFF39FF4D8BBC" box="[159,241,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB7FFD7FED2FF39FE9A8BBC" box="[278,294,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,504,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,503,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188488/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB7FFD7FEF7FF39FE368BBC" box="[307,394,186,212]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,244,302,326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,388,1648]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp., holotype, SMF 10524, from the Weddell Sea," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB7FFD7FF53FE84FD4E8A07" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB7FFD7FF53FE84FD4E8A07" blockId="6.[151,1437,263,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FF53FE84FE2F8A49" bold="true" box="[151,403,263,289]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB7FFD7FE5FFE8BFDB28A4A" box="[411,526,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB7FFD7FDDFFE8BFDEB8A4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[539,599,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SMF</collectionCode>
10524,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB7FFD7FD7DFE8BFCE48A4A" box="[697,856,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ANDEEP III</collectionCode>
, R.V. 'Polarstern', stn PS67/080-6, Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB7FFD7FF53FEADFEA28A20" box="[151,286,302,328]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFB7FFD7FF53FEADFEA28A20" box="[151,286,302,328]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF5D1070FFB7FFD7FEEFFEADFE698A20" box="[299,469,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2005-02-22">22 Feb. 2005</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB7FFD7FE26FEADFDD38A20" box="[482,623,302,328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-70.6705">70°40.23'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB7FFD7FDB9FEADFCAE8A20" box="[637,786,302,328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-14.729667">14°43.78'W</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB7FFD7FCF8FEADFC758A20" box="[828,969,302,328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-70.67367">70°40.42'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB7FFD7FC13FEADFBD18A20" box="[983,1133,302,328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-14.7305">14°43.83'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3006–
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB7FFD7FB0CFEADFA968A20" box="[1224,1322,302,328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.978" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2978.0">2978 m</quantity>
, ethanol.
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB7FFD7FF53FED6FEB28A07" box="[151,270,341,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB7FFD7FEDCFED6FEEF8A07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[280,339,341,367]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SMF</collectionCode>
10605, and
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB7FFD7FE27FED6FDA28A07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[483,542,341,367]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SMF</collectionCode>
10604, same data
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFB7FFD7FF53FA7AFC388DF3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188486/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[163,1423,422,1505]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB7FFD7FF53FA7AFC388DF3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1529,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FF53FA7AFEA18D79" bold="true" box="[151,285,1529,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Spicules of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB7FFD7FE6DFA79FD338D79" box="[425,655,1530,1553]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FE6DFA79FD338D79" box="[425,655,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malacosaccus coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from stn. PS67/102-11 (SMF 10702). A. Dermal pinular hexactin and enlargements of three ray ends. B. Hexactine principalium with enlargement of ray end. C. Pentactine principalium with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Floricome (two ray sets perpendicular to the page omitted) with enlargement of terminal ray tip. F. Series of one ray sets from floricome (right), floricoid discohexaster (center) and floricoid onychohexaster (left). G. Spiroxyhexaster (rare).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB7FFD8FF02F94AFC708BB0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB7FFD6FF02F94AFCA98B97" blockId="6.[151,1437,1737,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB7FFD7FF02F94AFEDD8D8B" bold="true" box="[198,353,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description:</emphasis>
All three specimens are small globular, nearly spherical forms (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB7FFD7FB9BF949FB168D8C" box="[1119,1194,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A–C),
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB7FFD7FB38F949FAC08D8C" box="[1276,1404,1738,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="19.0">19–23 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with small terminal osculum
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB7FFD7FDA0F972FD798C63" box="[612,709,1777,1803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.0">4–9 mm</quantity>
in diameter with smooth margins (without marginalia). Short basal extensions project from the lower margin, increasing contact with the substratum; attachment appears to be a combination of both direct (basiphytous) anchorage to small pebbles and insinuation of anchorate prostalia into sediments (lophophytous). All external surfaces carry prostalia projecting individually (not in tufts) up to
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB7FFD7FEEFF808FE3A8CCD" box="[299,390,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
; these consist of a mixture of three spicule
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB7FFD7FC6EF808FC4D8CCD" box="[938,1009,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
: stout diactins, raised hypodermal anchorate pentactins, and raised regular hypodermal pentactins. Anchorate pentactins have not been found in the
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB7FFD7FF07F85AFE898C9B" box="[195,309,2009,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
but since the distal ends of all prostalia are broken, they may well have been present in raised position before collection. The atrial cavity is deep and narrow; the body wall is up to
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB6FFD6FB4DFF1BFB718BDA" box="[1161,1229,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in thickness. The general surface is smooth, tissues are soft but well supported by spicules, and the color is light brown (khaki). Spicule fusion does not occur in any of the specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFB6FFD6FF53FA9FFB488E11" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB6FFD6FF53FA9FFB488E11" blockId="7.[151,1437,1308,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB6FFD6FF53FA9FFEA68E5C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1308,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB6FFD6FEE6FA9EFDA08E5C" box="[290,540,1309,1332]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profundum" status="n. sp .">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB6FFD6FEE6FA9EFDA08E5C" box="[290,540,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lophocalyx profundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFB6FFD6FDEEFA9EFDD08E5C" box="[554,620,1309,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB6FFD9FF02FA2BFE698B97" blockId="7.[151,1437,1448,2015]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Megascleres (dimensions in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB6FFD6FDFCFA2BFD268EAA" box="[568,666,1448,1474]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,244,302,326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,388,1648]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp., holotype, SMF 10524, from the Weddell Sea," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D">Table 2</tableCitation>
) consist of hypodermal (and prostal) anchorate pentactins, hypodermal (and prostal) regular pentactins, diactine dermalia, pinular hexactine atrialia, thick prostal and primary diactins, and thin choanosomal diactins. Anchorate hypodermalia (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB6FFD6FBCEFA76FBE18D67" box="[1034,1117,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
E, 5A) have tangential rays bent abruptly back from 30 to 90° near their mid-points; they are covered with fine spines (shagreen) but the proximal ray is smooth. Ray tips are parabolic-rounded or bullet-shape. Regular hypodermal (and prostal) pentactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB6FFD6FEEEF9EAFECB8DEB" box="[298,375,1641,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,504,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,503,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B) have straight to undulatory tangential rays; some are entirely smooth except for roughening at ray ends; other pentactins are entirely finely tuberculate. Dermalia are almost exclusively rough diactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB6FFD6FEC7F935FEE98DB8" box="[259,341,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
H, 5E), but a very few stauractins, triactins and monactins can be found amongst this spicule
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB6FFD6FF53F95EFF6C8D9F" box="[151,208,1757,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
; ray tips may be sharp-pointed, rounded, or inflated, depending upon spicule thickness; the central swelling is usually well developed with two alternate rays being developed to short stumps up to 20 µm long. Atrialia are sub-pinular hexactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB6FFD6FD8FF8A9FD298C2C" box="[587,661,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,504,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,503,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F) that lie embedded deep within the atrial tissues in subatrial position; the pinular ray is not bushy but distinguished from the other rays by its greater length, extent of spination, and curvature; these spicules are mostly smooth but all ray ends are rough and terminate in parabolic-rounded tips. Prostal and principal choanosomal diactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB6FFD6FC09F81DFBAF8CD0" box="[973,1043,1950,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,504,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,503,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C) are moderately thick, slightly curved, and entirely shagreened with larger spines developed near the ray ends; the ray tips are rounded with a bare cap and they bear no distinct central swelling. Thin choanosomal diactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB9FFD9FBF8FF1BFB3D8BDA" box="[1084,1153,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,504,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,503,1718]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188488/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D) are abundant smooth spicules with rounded to parabolic roughened tips and usually a slight swelling at the spicular center. They occur primarily in bundles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" ID-Table-UUID="9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" box="[151,1437,302,326]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1437,388,1648]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" blockId="8.[151,1437,302,360]" box="[151,1437,302,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFEAE8A2E" bold="true" box="[151,274,302,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB9FFD9FDE7FEADFC898A2D" box="[547,821,302,325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB9FFD9FDE7FEADFC8D8A2D" box="[547,817,302,325]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profundum" status="sp. nov.">Lophocalyx profundum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB9FFD9FCF9FEADFCC28A2E" bold="true" box="[829,894,302,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFB9FFD9FCF9FEADFCC28A2E" box="[829,894,302,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, SMF 10524, from the Weddell Sea,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB9FFD9FF53FED2FCB98A00" blockId="8.[151,1437,302,360]" box="[151,773,337,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB9FFD9FF53FED2FEBA8A00" box="[151,262,337,360]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFB9FFD9FF53FED2FEBA8A00" box="[151,262,337,360]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
(dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB9FFD9FF5BFE07FAAE8D18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="B9E3C410FFB9002EFF53FE07FA218D18" box="[151,1437,388,1648]" gridcols="5" gridrows="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FE07FA218AF3" box="[151,1437,388,411]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FE07FE068AF3" box="[151,442,388,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">parameter</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FE07FCAC8AF3" box="[724,784,388,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mean</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FE07FC028AF3" box="[883,958,388,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">st. dev.</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FE07FB358AF3" box="[1041,1161,388,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">range</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFE07FA218AF3" box="[1272,1437,388,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FE2DFA218AAD" box="[151,1437,430,453]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FE2DFE068AAD" box="[151,442,430,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anchorate hypodermalia</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FE5AFA218A98" box="[151,1437,473,496]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FE5AFE068A98" box="[151,442,473,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FE5AFCAC8A98" box="[724,784,473,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">958</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FE5AFC028A98" box="[883,958,473,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">189</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FE5AFB358A98" box="[1041,1161,473,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">610–1,463</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFE5AFA218A98" box="[1272,1437,473,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">54</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FD87FA218973" box="[151,1437,516,539]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FD87FE068973" box="[151,442,516,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FD87FCAC8973" box="[724,784,516,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">53.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FD87FC028973" box="[883,958,516,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FD87FB358973" box="[1041,1161,516,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.2–102.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFD87FA218973" box="[1272,1437,516,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">72</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FDADFA21892D" box="[151,1437,558,581]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FDADFE06892D" box="[151,442,558,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FDADFCAC892D" box="[724,784,558,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.36</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FDADFC02892D" box="[883,958,558,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.36</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FDADFB35892D" box="[1041,1161,558,581]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.39–13.64</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFDADFA21892D" box="[1272,1437,558,581]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FDDAFA218918" box="[151,1437,601,624]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FDDAFE068918" box="[151,442,601,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FDDAFCAC8918" box="[724,784,601,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">53.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FDDAFC028918" box="[883,958,601,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FDDAFB358918" box="[1041,1161,601,624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29.0–107.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFDDAFA218918" box="[1272,1437,601,624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FD07FA2189F3" box="[151,1437,644,667]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FD07FE0689F3" box="[151,442,644,667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Regular hypodermalia</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FD2DFA2189AD" box="[151,1437,686,709]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FD2DFE0689AD" box="[151,442,686,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FD2DFCAC89AD" box="[724,784,686,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">702</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FD2DFC0289AD" box="[883,958,686,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">170</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FD2DFB3589AD" box="[1041,1161,686,709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">445–1,650</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFD2DFA2189AD" box="[1272,1437,686,709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">152</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FD5AFA218998" box="[151,1437,729,752]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FD5AFE068998" box="[151,442,729,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FD5AFCAC8998" box="[724,784,729,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FD5AFC028998" box="[883,958,729,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FD5AFB358998" box="[1041,1161,729,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.8–50.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFD5AFA218998" box="[1272,1437,729,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FC87FA218873" box="[151,1437,772,795]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FC87FE068873" box="[151,442,772,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FC87FCAC8873" box="[724,784,772,795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.10</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FC87FC028873" box="[883,958,772,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.52</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FC87FB358873" box="[1041,1161,772,795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.15–2.59</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFC87FA218873" box="[1272,1437,772,795]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">57</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FCADFA21882D" box="[151,1437,814,837]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FCADFE06882D" box="[151,442,814,837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FCADFCAC882D" box="[724,784,814,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32.6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FCADFC02882D" box="[883,958,814,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FCADFB35882D" box="[1041,1161,814,837]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.4–52.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFCADFA21882D" box="[1272,1437,814,837]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FCDAFA218818" box="[151,1437,857,880]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FCDAFE068818" box="[151,442,857,880]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dermal diactin ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FCDAFCAC8818" box="[724,784,857,880]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">225</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FCDAFC028818" box="[883,958,857,880]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">27</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FCDAFB358818" box="[1041,1161,857,880]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">164–291</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFCDAFA218818" box="[1272,1437,857,880]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FC07FA2188F3" box="[151,1437,900,923]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FC07FE0688F3" box="[151,442,900,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FC07FCAC88F3" box="[724,784,900,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FC07FC0288F3" box="[883,958,900,923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FC07FB3588F3" box="[1041,1161,900,923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.6–15.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFC07FA2188F3" box="[1272,1437,900,923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FC2DFA2188AD" box="[151,1437,942,965]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FC2DFE0688AD" box="[151,442,942,965]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atrial pinular hexactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FC5AFA218898" box="[151,1437,985,1008]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FC5AFE068898" box="[151,442,985,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pinular ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FC5AFCAC8898" box="[724,784,985,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">490</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FC5AFC028898" box="[883,958,985,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">90</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FC5AFB358898" box="[1041,1161,985,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">309–663</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFC5AFA218898" box="[1272,1437,985,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FB87FA218F73" box="[151,1437,1028,1051]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FB87FE068F73" box="[151,442,1028,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pinular ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FB87FCAC8F73" box="[724,784,1028,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FB87FC028F73" box="[883,958,1028,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FB87FB358F73" box="[1041,1161,1028,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.5–39.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFB87FA218F73" box="[1272,1437,1028,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FBADFA218F2D" box="[151,1437,1070,1093]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FBADFE068F2D" box="[151,442,1070,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FBADFCAC8F2D" box="[724,784,1070,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">492</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FBADFC028F2D" box="[883,958,1070,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">101</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FBADFB358F2D" box="[1041,1161,1070,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">248–766</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFBADFA218F2D" box="[1272,1437,1070,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">118</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FBDAFA218F18" box="[151,1437,1113,1136]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FBDAFE068F18" box="[151,442,1113,1136]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FBDAFCAC8F18" box="[724,784,1113,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">26.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FBDAFC028F18" box="[883,958,1113,1136]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FBDAFB358F18" box="[1041,1161,1113,1136]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.0–35.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFBDAFA218F18" box="[1272,1437,1113,1136]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FB07FA218FF3" box="[151,1437,1156,1179]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FB07FE068FF3" box="[151,442,1156,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FB07FCAC8FF3" box="[724,784,1156,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">306</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FB07FC028FF3" box="[883,958,1156,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">92</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FB07FB358FF3" box="[1041,1161,1156,1179]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">144–526</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFB07FA218FF3" box="[1272,1437,1156,1179]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">54</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FB2DFA218FAD" box="[151,1437,1198,1221]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FB2DFE068FAD" box="[151,442,1198,1221]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FB2DFCAC8FAD" box="[724,784,1198,1221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FB2DFC028FAD" box="[883,958,1198,1221]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FB2DFB358FAD" box="[1041,1161,1198,1221]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.5–32.6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFB2DFA218FAD" box="[1272,1437,1198,1221]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">61</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FB5AFA218F98" box="[151,1437,1241,1264]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FB5AFE068F98" box="[151,442,1241,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thick diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FB5AFCAC8F98" box="[724,784,1241,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.27</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FB5AFC028F98" box="[883,958,1241,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.56</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FB5AFB358F98" box="[1041,1161,1241,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.17–14.65</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFB5AFA218F98" box="[1272,1437,1241,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FA87FA218E73" box="[151,1437,1284,1307]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FA87FE068E73" box="[151,442,1284,1307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FA87FCAC8E73" box="[724,784,1284,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">65.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FA87FC028E73" box="[883,958,1284,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FA87FB358E73" box="[1041,1161,1284,1307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">35.1–79.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFA87FA218E73" box="[1272,1437,1284,1307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FAADFA218E2D" box="[151,1437,1326,1349]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FAADFE068E2D" box="[151,442,1326,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thin diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FAADFCAC8E2D" box="[724,784,1326,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.07</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FAADFC028E2D" box="[883,958,1326,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.12</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FAADFB358E2D" box="[1041,1161,1326,1349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.46–5.97</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFAADFA218E2D" box="[1272,1437,1326,1349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FADAFA218E18" box="[151,1437,1369,1392]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FADAFE068E18" box="[151,442,1369,1392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FADAFCAC8E18" box="[724,784,1369,1392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FADAFC028E18" box="[883,958,1369,1392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FADAFB358E18" box="[1041,1161,1369,1392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.5–31.5</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFADAFA218E18" box="[1272,1437,1369,1392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FA07FA218EF3" box="[151,1437,1412,1435]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FA07FE068EF3" box="[151,442,1412,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FA07FCAC8EF3" box="[724,784,1412,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">141</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FA07FC028EF3" box="[883,958,1412,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FA07FB358EF3" box="[1041,1161,1412,1435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">108–182</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFA07FA218EF3" box="[1272,1437,1412,1435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FA2DFA218EAD" box="[151,1437,1454,1477]" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FA2DFE068EAD" box="[151,442,1454,1477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FA2DFCAC8EAD" box="[724,784,1454,1477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FA2DFC028EAD" box="[883,958,1454,1477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.5</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FA2DFB358EAD" box="[1041,1161,1454,1477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4.8–11.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFA2DFA218EAD" box="[1272,1437,1454,1477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53FA5AFA218E98" box="[151,1437,1497,1520]" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53FA5AFE068E98" box="[151,442,1497,1520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10FA5AFCAC8E98" box="[724,784,1497,1520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">64.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7FA5AFC028E98" box="[883,958,1497,1520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5FA5AFB358E98" box="[1041,1161,1497,1520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50.8–83.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CFA5AFA218E98" box="[1272,1437,1497,1520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53F987FA218D73" box="[151,1437,1540,1563]" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53F987FE068D73" box="[151,442,1540,1563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plumicome diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10F987FCAC8D73" box="[724,784,1540,1563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">59.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7F987FC028D73" box="[883,958,1540,1563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5F987FB358D73" box="[1041,1161,1540,1563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49.5–69.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CF987FA218D73" box="[1272,1437,1540,1563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53F9ADFA218D2D" box="[151,1437,1582,1605]" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53F9ADFE068D2D" box="[151,442,1582,1605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10F9ADFCAC8D2D" box="[724,784,1582,1605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7F9ADFC028D2D" box="[883,958,1582,1605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5F9ADFB358D2D" box="[1041,1161,1582,1605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.6–15.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CF9ADFA218D2D" box="[1272,1437,1582,1605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB9002EFF53F9DAFA218D18" box="[151,1437,1625,1648]" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="36025D8EFFB9002EFF53F9DAFE068D18" box="[151,442,1625,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">long secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFD10F9DAFCAC8D18" box="[724,784,1625,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFCB7F9DAFC028D18" box="[883,958,1625,1648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFBD5F9DAFB358D18" box="[1041,1161,1625,1648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.6–27.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB9002EFB3CF9DAFA218D18" box="[1272,1437,1625,1648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB9FFD8FF02F935FC708BB0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1718,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Microscleres (dimensions in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB9FFD9FDDAF935FDCA8DB8" box="[542,630,1718,1744]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,244,302,326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,388,1648]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp., holotype, SMF 10524, from the Weddell Sea," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB9FFD9FF53FEADFA218A2D">Table 2</tableCitation>
) consist of oxyhexasters, hemioxyhexasters, rare oxyhexactins, and strobiloplumicomes. Oxyhexasters and hemioxyhexasters are the most abundant microscleres (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB9FFD9FB3CF95EFAF78D9F" box="[1272,1355,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
D &amp; F, 5G); their short primary rays each bear 1–3 thin straight terminals; both primary and terminal rays are covered with very fine recurved thorns only visible with SEM; very rarely are terminals bent or curved; rare oxyhexactins occur among this spicule category. Strobiloplumicomes (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB9FFD9FBC4F8D2FBEA8C03" box="[1024,1110,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,310,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1419,310,1285]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. &amp; C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
G, 5H) are uncommon and usually broken; each short primary bears a small subterminal spherical swelling from which about 40 sigmoid terminal rays arise in 4–5 whorls, the terminals of each successively distal whorl being longer than those of the more proximal whorls. The terminals all bear two rows of sharp recurved thorns on the inner concave surface of their distal halves, endowing this spicule
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB8FFD8FCD1FF1BFCF58BDA" box="[789,841,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
with enormous snaring capacity – when another spicule has been &quot;grasped&quot;, they can only be separated by destruction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB8FFD8FF02FF66FEB48A4E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB8FFD8FF02FF66FEB48A4E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB8FFD8FF02FF66FEEB8B97" bold="true" box="[198,343,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species name,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB8FFD8FD92FF66FD698B96" box="[598,725,229,254]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profundum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB8FFD8FD92FF66FD698B96" box="[598,725,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">profundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reflects the great depth from which this form has been collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB8FFD8FF02FEB1FE1F8AA8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB8FFD8FF02FEB1FE1F8AA8" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB8FFD8FF02FEB1FEFE8A24" bold="true" box="[198,322,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks:</emphasis>
This new species possesses all of the characters defining the genus
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB8FFD8FB9BFEB1FB548A23" box="[1119,1256,306,331]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB8FFD8FB9BFEB1FB548A23" box="[1119,1256,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lophocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from all ten previously known species, as summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFB8FFD8FCC4FEDAFB958A1B" box="[768,1065,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Menshenina, L. L., Tabachnick, K. R., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., 2007. Revision of Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 and finding of Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 (six new species) in the Atlantic Ocean (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae). pp. 449 - 465 in: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G. (eds). 2007. Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro." type="book chapter">Menshenina et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, in having diactins as the major dermal spicule. All other species have either stauractins, hexactins, or a combination of hexactins and pentactins as dermalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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