treatments-xml/data/03/A8/87/03A887AD724A596DFC8875B60D2C8FAE.xml

<document id="F169103E7162400413AD7E3EB6C60792" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="658300fd-d84d-4fe2-88cb-bec7d3e66ce4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283296" ID-ZooBank="762CDAB8-4576-47E3-8A19-722664529E0C" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460571425524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dewi, Kartika &amp; Palm, Harry W." docDate="2013" docId="03A887AD724A596DFC8875B60D2C8FAE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Philometra epinepheli Dewi &amp; Palm, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF91FFD5724E596AFC1F7069087C8D71" masterDocTitle="Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698322195049" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4F6F2B423E996D393B2A5F678AC83C7B">Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D9BFE6203D74612C23A2281916003C41">Dewi, Kartika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDBA0F94D49A04BA62EF7E56AD4DF410">Palm, Harry W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="14E64FBD9B3BF258E31596BF7BAF4D2E">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A887AD724A596DFC8875B60D2C8FAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149291" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887AD724A596DFC8875B60D2C8FAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887AD724A596DFC8875B60D2C8FAE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C31B6530724A596EFC8875B609F18B4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFC8875B60A7B8888" blockId="4.[151,519,1503,1529]" box="[151,519,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0F681D7724A596EFC8875B60A7B8888" bold="true" box="[151,519,1503,1529]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFC8875B60A7B8888" bold="true" box="[151,519,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFC8875B609DE8888" box="[151,418,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFC8875B609DE8888" bold="true" box="[151,418,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Philometra epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657D2724A596EFDB575B60A7B8888" box="[426,519,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFC88764F09F18B4F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[151,397,1574,1598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFC88764F09F18B4F" bold="true" box="[151,397,1574,1598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Taxonomy summary</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B6530724A596EFCD876230A6F8BBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD876230C568B13" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,1066,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD87623093D8B13" bold="true" box="[199,321,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="54BA8819724A596EFCD87623097C8B13" box="[199,256,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFD5476230B7F8B13" authority="Hamilton, 1822" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[331,771,1610,1634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coioides">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFD5476230A458B13" box="[331,569,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Epinephelus coioides</emphasis>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFF0E76230BF28B13" box="[785,910,1610,1634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Serranidae</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFF8676230C5E8B13" box="[921,1058,1610,1634]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD87604098F8BF7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,499,1645,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD8760409F78BF7" bold="true" box="[199,395,1645,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Site of infection:</emphasis>
opercula
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD876FB0AED8BDB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,657,1681,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD876FB09158BDB" bold="true" box="[199,361,1681,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="54BA8819724A596EFCD876FB097E8BDB" box="[199,258,1682,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
South Bali Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B724A596EFE3B76FB0AED8BDB" box="[548,657,1682,1706]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD876DF0A6F8BBF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,531,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD876DF09E38BBE" bold="true" box="[199,415,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Date of collection:</emphasis>
<date id="FFBF107B724A596EFDB976DF0A6F8BBF" box="[422,531,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2008-07">July 2008</date>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B6530724A596EFCD876B00B938A2F" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD876B00A238A67" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD876B009428B83" bold="true" box="[199,318,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Collector:</emphasis>
Sonja Kleinertz (Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B724A596EFDF176970A248A67" box="[494,600,1790,1814]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Germany</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD877480C098A4B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,1141,1825,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD8774809BB8A4B" bold="true" box="[199,455,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54BA8819724A596EFDD2774B0A498A4B" box="[461,565,1826,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(MZB Na 487), 
<specimenCount id="9D07FD32724A596EFEEC774B0B288A4B" box="[755,852,1826,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">5 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54BA8819724A596EFF44774A0BBA8A4A" box="[859,966,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(MZB Na 488)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD8772F0B938A2F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,1007,1862,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD8772F09748A2F" bold="true" box="[199,264,1862,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFD10772F0ABB8A2F" authority="Hamilton, 1822" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[271,711,1862,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coioides">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFD10772F09828A2F" box="[271,510,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Epinephelus coioides</emphasis>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFEC9772F0B2F8A2F" box="[726,851,1862,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Serranidae</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EFF41772F0B9B8A2F" box="[862,999,1862,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B6530724A596CFCD877030C408886" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596EFCD877030CBB8AF3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" box="[199,1223,1898,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD87703092D8AF3" bold="true" box="[199,337,1898,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Etymology:</emphasis>
Species epithet is derived from the generic name of the host fish, 
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EF82A77030CBB8AF3" box="[1077,1223,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724A596EF82A77030CBF8AF3" box="[1077,1219,1898,1922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epinephelus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724A596FFCD877E709318A35" blockId="4.[151,1436,1574,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1777,1860]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFCD877E7090E8AD6" bold="true" box="[199,370,1934,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Gravid female</emphasis>
(n=6) 
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724A596EFDA777E609A88AD7" bold="true" box="[440,468,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">—</emphasis>
Medium sized nematodes. Total body length 7.75–17.80 (12.32) mm, maximum width 340–550 (442), smooth cuticle striation 8.0–9.0 (8.6) apart. Head end bluntly rounded with inscopius papilla, width 72.6. Oral aperture circular, diameter 30.3, surrounded with 14 spherical very small cephalic papillae arranged in 
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724B596FFC887698097E8A77" bold="true" box="[151,258,1777,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">PLATE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C014D38724B596FFD17769809968A76" box="[264,490,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724B596FFD17769809968A76" box="[264,490,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Philometra epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B975EAA9724B596FFDF076980A438A77" bold="true" box="[495,575,1777,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657D2724B596FFDF076980A438A77" box="[495,575,1777,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(SEM figures): M. cephalic end (apical view), N-O. Small cephalic papilla, P. Mouth with amphid, Q. Larva and eggs, R. Posterior end with two lateral caudal projections. c - cephalic papilla; a - amphid; cp - caudal projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB724B596CFC88770509178CD3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1899,2027]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,418]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">two circles; internal circle consisting of four submedian and two lateral single papilla, external circle formed by four pairs of sub median papillae. Two small lateral amphids present near circular oral aperture. Bottom mouth formed by flat surface of three oesophageal sectors. Nerve ring 180–230 (203). Anterior oesophagus swollen near mouth, forming muscular bulb. Cephalic papillae hardly visible. Overall length of oesophagus 930–1,210 (1,036), representing 6.80–12.0% (8.40%) of TBL, consisting bulb 75–100 (88.5) long, 88–120 (102) wide and narrow, muscular oesophagus 850–1,100 (947) long, 55–70 (58) wide. Oesophageal gland poorly developed, with large nucleus posteriorly. Nucleus of oesophageal gland 750–980 (835) from anterior end. Ventriculus 49 long and 47 wide. Vulva and anus atrophied. Ovaries long, placed in the posterior body. Uterus occupying most available space in the body, posteriorly filled with numerous eggs, towards anterior gradually filled with larvae, fully developed larvae in the anterior end of uterus. Larvae 340–360 long, wide 0.012–0.014. Eggs spherical; unembrionated eggs 15.6–41.6 by 13–26, embrionated eggs 49–52 by 31.2–34.0. Body end bluntly rounded, provided with two lateral caudal projections.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB7248596CFC8875AB0C408886" blockId="6.[151,1436,1474,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFC8875AB097A88A9" bold="true" box="[151,262,1474,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">PLATE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFD1075AB098888A9" box="[271,500,1474,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFD1075AB098888A9" box="[271,500,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Philometra epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFDE275AA0A2D88A9" bold="true" box="[509,593,1475,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657D27248596CFDE275AA0A2D88A9" box="[509,593,1475,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(line drawings): S. Cephalic end (apical view), T. Anterior part of the body, U. Anterior end, lateral view; V and W: caudal end, lateral and ventral views X: Posterior end.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B65307248596CFCD8764D09F88B4D" box="[199,388,1572,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB7248596CFCD8764D09F88B4D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1572,2028]" box="[199,388,1572,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFCD8764D09718B4D" bold="true" box="[199,269,1572,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Male:</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B65307248596DFCD876210D2C8FAE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB7248596CFCD876210B0B8A9D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1572,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFCD8762109478B11" bold="true" box="[199,315,1608,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
Philometrids show a relatively high degree of host specificity (Moravec &amp; Justine 2008). Consequently, a possible post mortem migration of the nematodes is not considered. To date, more than 97 valid species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFD0976F909E88BD9" box="[278,404,1680,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFD0976F909E88BD9" box="[278,404,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Philometra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described (Moravec, Bakenhaster &amp; Fajer-Avila 2010; Moravec 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF90B76F80D2D8BD9" box="[1300,1361,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
2011; Moravec &amp; Justine 2011). Some of them have been recorded also from the serranid genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF8DA76DD0D338BBD" box="[1221,1359,1716,1740]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF8DA76DD0D338BBD" box="[1221,1359,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Epinephelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF99876DC099A8B9E" authority="Yamaguti, 1941" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="managatuwo">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF99876DC09548B81" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. managatuwo</emphasis>
Yamaguti, 1941
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFDE776B00B2E8B9E" authority="Yamaguti, 1935" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1935" box="[504,850,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinnicola">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFDE776B00A038B81" box="[504,639,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. pinnicola</emphasis>
(Yamaguti, 1935)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFF7C76B00CD28B9E" authority="Moravec, Ogawa" authorityName="Moravec, Ogawa" box="[867,1198,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocularis">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFF7C76B00BA28B81" box="[867,990,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. ocularis</emphasis>
Moravec, Ogawa
</taxonomicName>
, Miyazaki &amp; Donai, 2002, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFCFD76940B9C8A65" authority="Moravec, Vidal-Martines &amp; Anguirre-Macedo, 1995" authorityName="Moravec, Vidal-Martines &amp; Anguirre-Macedo" authorityYear="1995" box="[226,992,1788,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margolisi">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFCFD769409118A65" box="[226,365,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. margolisi</emphasis>
Moravec, Vidal-Martínes &amp; Anguirre-Macedo, 1995
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFFEE76940D548A65" authority="Vidal-Martines" authorityName="Vidal-Martines" box="[1009,1320,1788,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salgadoi">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFFEE76940C0F8A65" box="[1009,1139,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. salgadoi</emphasis>
Vidal-Martínes
</taxonomicName>
, Aguirre- Macedo &amp; Moravec, 1995, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFDCE77480C648A46" authority="Moravec &amp; Salgado-Maldonado, 2007" authorityName="Moravec &amp; Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2007" box="[465,1048,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFDCE77480A258A49" box="[465,601,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. mexicana</emphasis>
Moravec &amp; Salgado-Maldonado, 2007
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF83B774808B38A2D" authority="Moravec &amp; Justine, 2008" authorityName="Moravec &amp; Justine" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanopodi">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF83B77480CC98A49" box="[1060,1205,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. cyanopodi</emphasis>
Moravec &amp; Justine, 2008
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFCC0772C0A078A2D" authority="Moravec &amp; Justine, 2008" authorityName="Moravec &amp; Justine" authorityYear="2008" box="[223,635,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciati">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFCC0772C09338A2D" box="[223,335,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. fasciati</emphasis>
Moravec &amp; Justine, 2008
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFEA2772C0D6E8A2D" authority="Moravec, Bakenhaster &amp; Fajer-Avila, 2010" authorityName="Moravec, Bakenhaster &amp; Fajer-Avila" authorityYear="2010" box="[701,1298,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morii">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFEA2772C0B6B8A2D" box="[701,791,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. morii</emphasis>
Moravec, Bakenhaster &amp; Fajer-Avila, 2010
</taxonomicName>
. Of them 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF998772C0AAE8AF1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF998772C09578AF1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="managatuwo">P. managatuwo</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFD2A770009C18AF1" box="[309,445,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margolisi">P. margolisi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFDD877000A268AF1" box="[455,602,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanopodi">P. cyanopodi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFE7B77000AAE8AF1" box="[612,722,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciati">P. fasciati</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFF1877000BF18AF1" box="[775,909,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFF1877000BF18AF1" box="[775,909,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infect the gonads, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF84077000CAA8AF1" box="[1119,1238,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocularis">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF84077000CAA8AF1" box="[1119,1238,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. ocularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infects the ocular cavity, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CFCF777E409118AD5" box="[232,365,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinnicola">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFCF777E409118AD5" box="[232,365,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. pinnicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infects the fins, whereas 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFE9477E40AA38AD5" box="[651,735,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">P. m o r i i</emphasis>
infects the mouth cavity of the host (Moravec 2006; Moravec &amp; Salgado-Maldonado 2007; Moravec &amp; Justine 2008; Moravec 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CFF9A77D80BBC8AB9" box="[901,960,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
2010). So far, no 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387248596CF88A77D90D6F8AB9" box="[1173,1299,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97248596CF88A77D90D6F8AB9" box="[1173,1299,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Philometra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species has been recorded from the opercula as the preferred site of infection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB7249596DFCD870FE0BBF8CAB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
Some subcutaneous tissues of the head or the fins can be considered a similar infection site compared with the opercula. Only 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFD5670D709AC8DA4" box="[329,464,189,213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinnicola">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFD5670D709AC8DA4" box="[329,464,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. pinnicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from the fins of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFF6F70D70B9C8DA4" box="[880,992,189,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akaara">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFF6F70D70B9C8DA4" box="[880,992,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">E. akaara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from the Inland Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B7249596DF94A70D70DE48DA4" box="[1365,1432,190,213]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
. However, this species clearly differs from the new species in the absence versus the presence of protrusions at the posterior end of the gravid female. In addition, the area of distribution of the host species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF8F571600D028C51" box="[1258,1406,264,288]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF8F571600D028C51" box="[1258,1406,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different, compared with other 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFDEB71440A0E8C34" box="[500,626,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFDEB71440A0E8C34" box="[500,626,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Philometra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species mentioned above; 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFFBE714709748C1A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFFBE71470C488C34" box="[929,1076,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanopodi">P. cyanopodi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF85F71470CCB8C34" box="[1088,1207,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocularis">P. ocularis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF8D271470D008C34" box="[1229,1404,302,325]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="managatuwo">P. managatuwo</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF998714709788C1A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margolisi">P. margolisi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFD21713D09D08C1A" box="[318,428,339,363]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciati">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFD21713D09D08C1A" box="[318,428,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. fasciati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B7249596DFE88713A0B3B8C1B" box="[663,839,338,362]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, Pacific Ocean; 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFFE2713D0C968C1A" box="[1021,1258,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFFE2713D0CFA8C1A" box="[1021,1158,340,363]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">P. mexicana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF88D713D0C968C1A" box="[1170,1258,340,363]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morii">P. morii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF93F713D0DE48C1A" box="[1312,1432,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. s a l g a d o i</emphasis>
from the southern Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B7249596DFDDA711E0A668CFE" box="[453,538,375,399]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Atlantic Ocean while 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFF5271100BA88CE1" box="[845,980,376,400]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinnicola">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFF5271100BA88CE1" box="[845,980,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. pinnicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Inland Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B7249596DF90C71110D2A8CFE" box="[1299,1366,376,399]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Most recently a 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFD1371F409F68CC4" box="[268,394,413,437]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFD1371F409F68CC4" box="[268,394,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Philometra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. was recorded from the mouth of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFF3471F70BCF8CC4" box="[811,947,413,437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFF3471F70BCF8CC4" box="[811,947,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">E. areolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Kleinertz 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF85171F70C038CC4" box="[1102,1151,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2012, however, at a low intensity not providing enough worms for a proper taxonomic treatment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE36BB7249596DFCD8718E0D2C8FAE" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
According to its morphology, the new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFEFF71810BA18F71" box="[736,989,488,512]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFEFF71810BA18F71" box="[736,989,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Philometra epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFFF971810C3F8F71" bold="true" box="[998,1091,488,512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657D27249596DFFF971810C3F8F71" box="[998,1091,488,512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from all congeners in having smaller gravid females except 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFEC172670B328F54" box="[734,846,525,549]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciati">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFEC172670B328F54" box="[734,846,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. fasciati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DFF4172640C6C8F54" box="[862,1040,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2775" metricValueMax="1.78" metricValueMin="0.775" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="12.775" valueMax="17.8" valueMin="7.75">7.75–17.80 mm</quantity>
in this species versus 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DF90F726408BF8F3B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4705" metricValueMax="3.007" metricValueMin="1.934" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="24.705" valueMax="30.07" valueMin="19.34">19.34–30.07 mm</quantity>
in 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFCF7725D09428F3A" box="[232,318,564,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. m or i i</emphasis>
; 21.35–208.00 mm in 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFE5B725D0AAA8F3A" box="[580,726,563,587]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanopodi">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFE5B725D0AAA8F3A" box="[580,726,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. cyanopodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DFEFA725B0B238F3B" box="[741,863,562,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="22.0">22–40 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFF9B725D0C778F3A" box="[900,1035,563,587]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinnicola">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFF9B725D0C778F3A" box="[900,1035,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. pinnicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DF804725B0C8B8F3B" box="[1051,1271,562,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3189" metricValueMax="9.6086" metricValueMin="3.0292" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="63.189" valueMax="96.086" valueMin="30.292">30.292–96.086 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF903725D0DE88F3A" box="[1308,1428,563,587]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocularis">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF903725D0DE88F3A" box="[1308,1428,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. ocularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DFC88723E096C8F1E" box="[151,272,599,623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="65.0">65–85 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFD2A723009C78F01" box="[309,443,600,624]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margolisi">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFD2A723009C78F01" box="[309,443,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. margolisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DFDD4723E0A1D8F1E" box="[459,609,599,623]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.78" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="204.0" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="178.0">178–230 mm</quantity>
in 
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFE9972300B758F01" box="[646,777,601,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. m e x i c a n a</emphasis>
; and 
<quantity id="4CF99B5E7249596DFF52723E0B9E8F1E" box="[845,994,599,623]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.525" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.45" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="452.5" valueMax="460.0" valueMin="445.0">445–460 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF81872300CC98F01" box="[1031,1205,601,624]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="managatuwo">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF81872300CC98F01" box="[1031,1205,601,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. managatuwo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Moravec &amp; Justine 2008; Moravec 2010; Moravec, 2006; Moravec &amp; Salgado-Maldonado 2007). The gravid female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF90E72170DFC8FE4" box="[1297,1408,637,661]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciati">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DF90E72170DFC8FE4" box="[1297,1408,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">P. fasciati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown, but this species differs by the zoogeographical distribution (South Bali Sea versus 
<collectingCountry id="F316762B7249596DF8A272CA0D0D8FCB" box="[1213,1393,674,698]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
). In addition, this is the first opercula-infecting species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DFEEE72A10B138F91" box="[753,879,712,736]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Philometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B975EAA97249596DFEEE72A10B138F91" box="[753,879,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Philometra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from the fish family 
<taxonomicName id="4C014D387249596DF8CE72AE0D308FAE" box="[1233,1356,711,735]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Serranidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>