180 lines
18 KiB
XML
180 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax montivagus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="242" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>544</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>407</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4181F60800CF35FB237458C5D109A788" lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
(098)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Blackburn" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus (Blackburn)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 126B, 128B, 129B, 131
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 132
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Cyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackburn, T" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="119 - 123" title="Characters of new genera and descriptions of new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands." volume="15" year="1878 a">Blackburn 1878a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 122;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackburn, T" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands (Ser 2)" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="119 - 290" volume="3" year="1885">Blackburn and Sharp 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 214.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="The University Press, Cambridge" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" pagination="175 - 292" title="Coleoptera II. Caraboidea." volumeTitle="Fauna Hawaiiensis" year="1903">Sharp 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 253;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 133.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Olisthopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Olisthopus insularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">Olisthopus insularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Motschulsky,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karsch, F" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="308" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 14" title="Zur Kaeferfauna der Sandwich-, Marshall-, und Gilberts-Inseln." volume="25" year="1881">Karsch 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1 (misidentification).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
This is one of two
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
|
||
species (Fig. 126
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) in this group that exhibit the full complement of supraorbital, pronotal, and dorsal and apical/subapical elytral setae; setal formula 2 2 2 2. However
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles are of moderate to large size for Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
-standardized body length 4.9-6.9 mm-in contrast to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax micans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Mecyclothorax micans</taxonomicName>
|
||
; standardized body length 3.6-4.3 mm. If a qualitative character is desired to separate the species, one may use the presence of the parascutellar seta in individuals of this species, and the lack thereof in individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax micans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Mecyclothorax micans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="242" pageNumber="243" type="identification">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="242" pageNumber="243" start="start">Identification</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
|
||
(n = 5). The frontal grooves are broad medially, with a slight hitch laterad near midlength, the groove terminated at a fine carina mesad the anterior supraorbital seta. The head capsule is transversely concave between the hind eye margins, resulting in a broad shallow neck that is visible in dorsal view. The pronotum is transverse, MPW/PL = 1.28-1.35, with the lateral margins sinuate for only a very short distance anterad the hardly projected hind angles, the angles themselves obtuse and appearing as little more than denticles at the terminus of the lateral marginal bead posterad the laterobasal depressions; MPW/BPW = 1.47-1.57. The median pronotal base is
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="243" pageNumber="244" start="start">densely</pageBreakToken>
|
||
punctate with elongate wrinkles lining the juncture of the base and disc. The pronotal anterior transverse impression is smooth, shallow, with the anterior callosity upraised, flat to slightly convex, and smooth. The elytra are subquadrate with rounded lateral margins posterad the broadly rounded humeri; MEW/HuW = 1.97-2.05. Discal striae 1-4 are impressed, distinctly punctate, stria 5-6 are progressively shallower, with punctures more isolated along their length, and stria 7 is absent. The mesepisternum is less punctate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax rex" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">Mecyclothorax rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with ~9 minute punctures in 2 rows. The metathoracic flight wings are the least reduced-though still vestigial-of any Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
; flight wing vestigium an apically narrowed strap, 3.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
long as broad, remnant C, R, M, and Cu veins present, and the strap extended for 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its length beyond the hind margin of the metanotum. Microsculpture is reduced: 1, vertex and pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh; 2, pronotal median base with an obsolete transversely stretched isodiametric mesh; 3, elytral disc with obsolete elongate transverse mesh, apex glossy; 4, surfaces of metasternum and laterobasal abdominal ventrites mostly glossy, shallow transverse-mesh microsculpture over portions of cuticle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Male genitalia (n = 8). Aedeagal median lobe large but gracile, distance from parameral articulation to top 4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.9×">-4.9x</normalizedToken>
|
||
depth at midlength (Fig. 131A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
); apex broadly extended for about 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
depth beyond ostial opening, tip variously convex dorsally (Fig. 131A), expanded dorsoventrally (Fig. 131C), or nearly parallel and narrowed to rounded tip (Fig. 131D); median lobe straight along median shaft in ventral view, apex slightly curved rightward with right margin concave and left margin sinuous before bluntly rounded tip (Fig. 131B); internal sac broad, with dorsal ostial microtrichial patch near base on right side, and ovoid ventral ostial microtrichial patch on left side further out on sac (Fig. 131D); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.48
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
parameral articulation-tip distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure 131. Male aedeagus,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right and ventral views (Leleiwi, 2438 m) C Right view (Kapalaoa Cabin,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
|
||
Crater, 2200 m) D Right view, sac everted (Holua, 2134 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax micans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Mecyclothorax micans</taxonomicName>
|
||
E Right view (summit, 2895-3050 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right and ventral views (Holua, 2134 m) H Right view, sac everted (NW upper slope, 2745 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Female reproductive tract (n = 3). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 1.65 mm, breadth 0.80 mm, basal constriction at vagina 0.45 mm broad (Fig. 128B); bursal walls translucent with thick wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at apicomedial angle and ~7 setae on medial surface (Fig. 129B); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, apex broad, basally extended by a long panhandle with curved terminus, 2 broad lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.65
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
gonocoxite length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="lectotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Lectotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Male (BPBM) hereby designated, dissected, and labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zimmerman, EC" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Ephemeroptera-Neuroptera-Trichoptera and Supplement to Volumes 1 to 5." volumeTitle="Insects of Hawai'i" year="1957">Zimmerman 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 210), 5 mont (on reverse) // Type // Sandwich Is. 80-6 // LECTOTYPE
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Cyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="distribution and habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deschampsia" order="Poales" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Deschampsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
grassland found along the upper Kula face and in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
|
||
Crater (Fig. 132). Present day elevations range 2134-2800 m elevation, though historical records from Finsch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karsch, F" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="308" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 14" title="Zur Kaeferfauna der Sandwich-, Marshall-, und Gilberts-Inseln." volume="25" year="1881">Karsch 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Perkins (lot 112;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous," journalOrPublisher="Dept. of Entomology Library, The Natural History Museum, London" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" title="Key to numbers & localities of Mr. Perkins' Hawaiian insects" year="N D">Anonymous N D</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were from Olinda near 1210 m elevation. Specimens have also been found in leaf litter under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sophora chrysophylla" order="Fabales" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">Sophora chrysophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="māmane">mamane</normalizedToken>
|
||
) at 2750 m elevation, and under rocks in drier, less vegetated situations from 1830-2440 m elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure 132. Recorded geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montivagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus">Mecyclothorax montivagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |