treatments-xml/data/03/F1/87/03F187DA6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FD9DFAE6.xml
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<treatment id="03F187DA6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FD9DFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5250659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187DA6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FD9DFAE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187DA6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FD9DFAE6" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3948BE6FC6AFD4F" box="[151,958,688,715]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FC6AFD4F" blockId="45.[151,958,688,748]" box="[151,958,688,715]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0AF81A06F7AFFA1A3948BE6FC6AFD4F" bold="true" box="[151,958,688,715]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FC6AFD4F" ID-CoL="6PZFT" authority="(Dall, Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Dall, Bartsch &amp; Rehder" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,958,688,715]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parallela" subGenus="Promantellum">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FC6AFD4F" bold="true" box="[151,958,688,715]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948BE6FF2CFD4E" bold="true" box="[151,248,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Limaria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2098BE6FE6CFD4E" bold="true" box="[266,440,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Promantellum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2CA8BE6FDE0FD4E" bold="true" box="[457,564,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">parallela</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A1478BE7FC62FD4F" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[580,950,688,714]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref52903" refString="Dall, W. H., Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1938) A manual of the recent and fossil marine pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1938">Dall, Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3948B83FE93FD6E" box="[151,327,724,748]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948B83FE93FD6E" blockId="45.[151,958,688,748]" box="[151,327,724,748]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<figureCitation id="13632A496F7AFFA1A3948B83FE93FD6E" box="[151,327,724,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-144@44.[151,1436,179,1773]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. AB, Lima disalvoi Raines, 2002, (Holoytype, LACM 2946); A, Exterior LV, 40 mm in height; B, Interior RV of same specimen; CE, Lima tomlini Prashad, 1932; C, Exterior LV, 3.5 mm in height, SEM; D, Exterior RV, 3.6 mm in height; E, Interior LV of same specimen, SEM; FH, Limaria (Promantellum) parallela (Dall, Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1938); F, Exterior LV, 3.2 mm in height, SEM; G, Exterior LV, 3.3 mm in height; H, Interior RV, 3.1 mm in height, SEM." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 22 FH</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3948A4BFBEAFCEA" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948A4BFD30FCB4" blockId="45.[151,1086,795,879]" box="[151,740,795,818]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F7AFFA1A3948A4BFD30FCB4" box="[151,740,795,818]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F7AFFA1A3948A4BFDF3FCB4" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[151,551,795,818]" page="106" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1938">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A3948A4BFDF3FCB4" ID-CoL="6PZTZ" authority="Dall et al., 1938: p. 106" authorityName="Dall" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,551,795,818]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Lima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parallela">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948A4BFEFAFCB7" box="[151,302,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lima parallela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A2378A4CFE0FFCB4" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[308,475,795,818]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref52903" refString="Dall, W. H., Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1938) A manual of the recent and fossil marine pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1938">
Dall
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2658A4BFE47FCB7" box="[358,403,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
., 1938
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 106
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 27, figs. 912.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948A6CFCA0FCD5" blockId="45.[151,1086,795,879]" box="[151,884,826,848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F7AFFA1A3948A6CFCA0FCD5" box="[151,884,826,848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A3948A6CFDA9FCD5" ID-CoL="6PZF6" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,637,826,848]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fragilis" subGenus="Promantellum">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948A6CFF3DFCD5" box="[151,233,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Limaria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3F48A6DFE53FCD5" box="[247,391,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Promantellum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2958A6DFE0BFCD5" box="[406,479,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">fragilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A2EF8A6DFDA2FCD5" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[492,630,826,848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref54049" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linne, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lyon: J. B. Delamolliere, 1 (6), 3021 - 3910." type="journal article" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F7AFFA1A19B8A6DFCA4FCD5" author="Rehder, H. A." box="[664,880,826,848]" page="110" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A19B8A6DFCF1FCD5" author="Rehder, H. A." box="[664,805,826,848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref59059" refString="Rehder, H. A. (1980) The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Sala y Gomez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Number 289, 167 pp." type="book" year="1980">Rehder, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: p. 110
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948A0DFBEAFCEA" blockId="45.[151,1086,795,879]" box="[151,1086,857,879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811E26F7AFFA1A3948A0DFBEAFCEA" box="[151,1086,857,879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A3948A0DFD78FCEA" ID-CoL="6PZFT" authority="(Dall et al., 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,684,857,879]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parallela" subGenus="Promantellum">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948A0DFF3DFCEA" box="[151,233,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Limaria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3F48A0EFE53FCEA" box="[247,391,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Promantellum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2958A0EFE27FCEA" box="[406,499,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">parallela</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A1038A0EFD71FCEA" author="Dall, W. H. &amp; Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A." box="[512,677,857,879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref52903" refString="Dall, W. H., Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1938) A manual of the recent and fossil marine pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1938">
Dall
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A1308A0DFD8BFCEA" box="[563,607,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
., 1938
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910DD6F7AFFA1A1C48A0EFC70FCEA" author="Severns, M." box="[711,932,857,879]" page="460" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A1C48A0EFC8DFCEA" author="Severns, M." box="[711,857,857,879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref59986" refString="Severns, M. (2011) Shells of the Hawaiian Islands. The Sea Shells. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, Germany, 564 pp." type="book" year="2011">Severns, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: p. 460
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 210, fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3948ACCFE30FC52" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3948ACCFE30FC52" blockId="45.[151,1440,923,1380]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3948ACCFE56FC31" bold="true" box="[151,386,923,948]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
Over two dozen single valves (
<quantity id="4CA09B296F7AFFA1A1E88ACBFC5AFC31" box="[747,910,924,948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.699999999999999" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="2.8">2.8 to 8.6 mm</quantity>
) from
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A0DE8ACAFC23FC31" box="[989,1015,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A7328ACBFBB4FC31" box="[1073,1120,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">SyG</emphasis>
(BK), plus specimens from the Hawaiian Islands (
<collectionCode id="ED49AE096F7AFFA1A2928AE8FE0CFC52" box="[401,472,959,983]" country="Uganda" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13539" name="Makerere University" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">MHU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3C48AB4FDC1FBE2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3C48AB4FDC1FBE2" blockId="45.[151,1440,923,1380]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3C48AB4FE95FC79" bold="true" box="[199,321,995,1020]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shell small, obliquely-elongate, equivalve, thin and fragile. Posterior and anterior margins parallel the last third of the shell, and with long gapes. Exterior surface consisting of 2224 fine radial threads, which are crossed by finer commarginal striae. Ventral margin with serrated appearance. Hinge short and straight, with wide ligament. Color translucent white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3C48D23FAF9FA9E" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3C48D23FEA2FB7D" blockId="45.[151,1440,923,1380]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3C48D23FEEFFB09" bold="true" box="[199,315,1140,1164]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A2B78D23FD8CFB09" author="Rehder, H. A." box="[436,600,1140,1164]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref59059" refString="Rehder, H. A. (1980) The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Sala y Gomez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Number 289, 167 pp." type="book" year="1980">Rehder (1980)</bibRefCitation>
was correct in selecting
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A0718D23FBC5FB09" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1939" box="[882,1041,1140,1164]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Promantellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A0718D23FBC5FB09" box="[882,1041,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Promantellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he misidentified this species as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A6848D22FF3CFB35" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A6848D22FF3CFB35" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The largest
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2798DCEFE40FB35" box="[378,404,1177,1200]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">EI</emphasis>
specimen slightly exceeds the
<quantity id="4CA09B296F7AFFA1A1F38DC0FCE4FB2A" box="[752,816,1175,1199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
Hawaiian
<typeStatus id="54E3886E6F7AFFA1A0A98DCFFC0EFB35" box="[938,986,1176,1200]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
specimen. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A7CF8DCFFEB3FB51" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fragilis" subGenus="Promantellum">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A7CF8DCFFAF2FB2A" box="[1228,1318,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Limaria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A6348DCEFA98FB35" box="[1335,1356,1177,1200]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A65F8DCFFF66FB51" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">fragilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B3D6F7AFFA1A3C28DEBFE8BFB51" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[193,351,1212,1236]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref54049" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linne, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lyon: J. B. Delamolliere, 1 (6), 3021 - 3910." type="journal article" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
grows up to
<quantity id="4CA09B296F7AFFA1A1038DEBFD86FB56" box="[512,594,1212,1236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
, lives in very shallow water and is distributed further west with an Indian Ocean
<typeStatus id="54E3886E6F7AFFA1A3E68DB7FEC1FB7D" box="[229,277,1248,1272]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3C48C54FAF9FA9E" blockId="45.[151,1440,923,1380]" box="[199,1325,1283,1308]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3C48C54FEFEFA99" bold="true" box="[199,298,1283,1308]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
Commonly found at many locations around
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A01C8C52FCEEFA99" box="[799,826,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">EI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A0738C53FC4FFA99" box="[880,923,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">SyG</emphasis>
, in sand and rubble, from
<quantity id="4CA09B296F7AFFA1A7C08C53FAFDFA9E" box="[1219,1321,1284,1308]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="20.0">2080 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34265476F7AFFA1A3C48C70FD9DFAE6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736CC6F7AFFA1A3C48C70FD9DFAE6" blockId="45.[151,1440,923,1380]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A3C48C70FEB4FAC5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1319,1344]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D4F6F7AFFA1A2698C7FFD24FAC5" box="[362,752,1320,1344]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Limaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parallela" subGenus="Promantellum">
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2698C7FFE10FABA" box="[362,452,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Limaria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A2D48C7FFDA2FAC5" box="[471,630,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Promantellum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A18A8C7FFD24FAC5" box="[649,752,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">parallela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known only from the Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island—
<emphasis id="B92CEADE6F7AFFA1A1228C1CFD96FAE1" bold="true" box="[545,578,1355,1380]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E2</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>