300 lines
37 KiB
XML
300 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="845B480FB3DBF48F5EDBBCB1949F5D95" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38807" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271704" ID-ZooBank="118F4865-D89E-45EA-A210-8D61946CC37F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465971881907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z." docDate="2016" docId="03F187D7FFA58453FF11FD9DFD28BE22" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4125.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neosatyrus Wallengren 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFC8FFAFFF8B847DFF86FFA0FFD9B918" masterDocTitle="The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698662999642" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="BC8E25DEB6D9FE777727DD1B4A473695" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0976941142821EA9184574364797506E">
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<mods:title id="AE8DEEF471832F7E9D687D0B0FB56FFE">The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5CB5C4533975822441BBA2924EEB379F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="30B1FCC049AE9DB2D435D9E8B094DCA5">
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<mods:namePart id="2B35CD47E15E722D07787E85D7BFE22D">Matz, Jess</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D97FD80E83E6A74A87308BE596786E87" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5E9C1A044F9AC03E39212D3E6C729A77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F973579CB3EB8FEF2640AEAF87896173">Brower, Andrew V. Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="789440AC67C6337AFCDA5F308E64DFD6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB40B6E6323A84D0B457F6FB945153CD">
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<mods:title id="9C237B79691627BA01262545534A38E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="74237543936628577573BCF8D5BD1D1C">
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<mods:date id="0302DC656DAED5E38D41AF6537235119">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8108B8E25A0310E92B0A9C18D7DDC69C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DA2A862C2FCA7D6EC05B2ABC212558B3">4125</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C892672F1FCA101E0353E880EE1E7788" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="355A5855E68D41C1BC940EA739B3885B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8F1FA12458A2434C515E92B250D36F7E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="94AD407E23CDA0F54F69C828817B6C05" type="CLB-Dataset">38807</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="02EF5984D1BE3EC1CEFF75BA487396C4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87477EB9DD4BFA2320AE972D3FBCA304" type="GBIF-Dataset">1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="63404095846A2DD2B76FE5CB47B0169B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="54F4E6B5DE7AA6E135EAFC2083F5E27F" type="Zenodo-Dep">271704</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F187D7FFA58453FF11FD9DFD28BE22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187D7FFA58453FF11FD9DFD28BE22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187D7FFA58453FF11FD9DFD28BE22" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF11FD9DFE26BB4F" box="[151,511,573,599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FD9DFE26BB4F" blockId="46.[151,511,573,599]" box="[151,511,573,599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0AF81ADFFA58453FF11FD9DFE26BB4F" bold="true" box="[151,511,573,599]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF11FD9DFE26BB4F" ID-CoL="92GJL" authority="Wallengren, 1858" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,511,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11FD9DFE26BB4F" bold="true" box="[151,511,573,599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11FD9DFEC7BB4F" bold="true" box="[151,286,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neosatyrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FEA3FD9DFE26BB4F" author="Wallengren" box="[293,511,573,599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1858) Nya Fjaril - slagten. Ofversigt kungliga Vetanskaps - Akademiens Forhanlingar, 15 (1, 2), 75 - 80, 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1858">Wallengren, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF11FD24FD87BB82" box="[151,606,644,666]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FD24FD87BB82" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" box="[151,606,644,666]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11FD24FEFCBB82" bold="true" box="[151,293,644,666]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFA58453FF11FD24FF15BB82" box="[151,204,644,666]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FEADFD25FD87BB82" authority="Wallengren, 1858" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1858" box="[299,606,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiorix">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FEADFD25FE7DBB82" box="[299,420,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. ambiorix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE2DFD24FD87BB82" author="Wallengren" box="[427,606,644,666]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1858) Nya Fjaril - slagten. Ofversigt kungliga Vetanskaps - Akademiens Forhanlingar, 15 (1, 2), 75 - 80, 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1858">Wallengren, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF11FD03FEADBA4A" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FD03FCC8BBCF" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF2DFD02FDAABBA0" ID-CoL="92BQD" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[171,627,674,696]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Homoeonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF2DFD02FE88BBA0" box="[171,337,674,696]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Homoeonympha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FEDEFD02FDAABBA0" author="Felder" box="[344,627,674,696]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1867) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullensdorf - Urbair. Zoologischer Thiel. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abteilung: Lepidoptera. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 536 + 9 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1867">C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FDFFFD02FD0FBBA0" bold="true" box="[633,726,674,696]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFA58453FF41FD62FF20BBCF" box="[199,249,706,727]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FED0FD62FCC8BBCF" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[342,785,705,727]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FED0FD62FE36BBCF" box="[342,495,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Stygnus pusilla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE73FD61FCC8BBCF" author="Felder" box="[501,785,705,727]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1867) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullensdorf - Urbair. Zoologischer Thiel. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abteilung: Lepidoptera. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 536 + 9 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1867">C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FD41FCCFBA0C" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF23FD41FDCFBBEE" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[165,534,736,758]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF23FD41FF2BBBEE" box="[165,242,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Stygnus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FF7FFD40FDCFBBEE" author="Felder" box="[249,534,736,758]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1867) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullensdorf - Urbair. Zoologischer Thiel. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abteilung: Lepidoptera. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 536 + 9 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1867">C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, preoccupied (Perty, 1833;
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FCAAFD40FC49BBEE" ID-CoL="3Q2" box="[812,912,736,758]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
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)
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFA58453FF41FD5FFF20BA0C" box="[199,249,767,788]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FED0FD5FFCCFBA0C" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[342,790,766,788]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FED0FD5FFE2CBA0C" box="[342,501,766,788]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Stygnus humilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE7DFD5EFCCFBA0C" author="Felder" box="[507,790,766,788]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1867) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullensdorf - Urbair. Zoologischer Thiel. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abteilung: Lepidoptera. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 536 + 9 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1867">C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FCBEFDBCBA2B" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" box="[151,613,797,819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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=
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF2DFCBDFEC6BA2B" box="[171,287,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Stygnolepis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FEA3FCBDFE7FBA2B" author="Strand" box="[293,422,797,819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Strand, E. (1942) Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et paleontologica. X. Folia zoologica et hydrobiologica (Riga), 11 (2), 386 - 402." type="journal article" year="1942">Strand, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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replacement name
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FC9DFEADBA4A" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" box="[151,372,828,850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF2DFC9CFEADBA4A" ID-CoL="928DC" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" box="[171,372,828,850]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erebina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF2DFC9CFF25BA4A" box="[171,252,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Erebina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE84FC9CFEADBA4A" author="Bryk" box="[258,372,828,850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bryk, F. (1944) Uber die Schmetterlingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaftlichen Expedition nach Patagonien 1932 - 1934. Arkiv for Zoologi, 36 A (3), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1944">Bryk, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF41FCFBFDB2BA68" box="[199,619,858,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF41FCFBFDB2BA68" blockId="46.[151,919,644,880]" box="[199,619,858,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFA58453FF41FCFBFF20BA68" box="[199,249,859,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FEC9FCFAFDB2BA68" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" box="[335,619,858,880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erebina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FEC9FCFAFE2ABA68" box="[335,499,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Erebina simplex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE7FFCFAFDB2BA68" author="Bryk" box="[505,619,858,880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bryk, F. (1944) Uber die Schmetterlingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaftlichen Expedition nach Patagonien 1932 - 1934. Arkiv for Zoologi, 36 A (3), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1944">Bryk, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF11FC3DFEBFBC7E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF11FC3DFEBFBC7E" blockId="46.[151,1437,925,1850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11FC3DFED3BAAE" bold="true" box="[151,266,925,950]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. The species contained herein are often confused with one another and are all plain on the dorsal side with trapezoidal to rectangular hindwings with a straight anal margin and having the termens entire, spatulate antennae, and ocelli that are usually small and yellow or white in each cell between Rs and CuA2. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 on the ventral side of the hindwing is bipupillate and ringed in yellow. Androconia are present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF11FB8EFEC4BD5E" box="[151,285,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiorix">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11FB8EFEC4BD5E" box="[151,285,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. ambiorix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males but absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FD80FB8EFDA3BD5E" box="[518,634,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FD80FB8EFDA3BD5E" box="[518,634,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FD0EFB8EFCFFBD5E" box="[648,806,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hipparchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boisduvalii">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FD0EFB8EFCFFBD5E" box="[648,806,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. boisduvalii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FCE3FB8EFBC9BD5E" box="[869,1040,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FCE3FB8EFBC9BD5E" box="[869,1040,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The distal end of the discal cell is in a wide V shape in all but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FE59FBF2FD55BD72" box="[479,652,1105,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FE59FBF2FD55BD72" box="[479,652,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is shallowly sinuous. Eyes are naked and the terminal palpal segment may be short and conical or oval as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FD2FFBD6FC9CBD96" box="[681,837,1141,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hipparchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boisduvalii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FD2FFBD6FC9CBD96" box="[681,837,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. boisduvalii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FCFAFBD6FBFFBD96" box="[892,1062,1141,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FCFAFBD6FBFFBD96" box="[892,1062,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or cylindrical and longer as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FA04FBD6FF25BDAA" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiorix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FA04FBD6FF25BDAA" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. ambiorix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FEB2FB3AFE70BDAA" box="[308,425,1177,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FEB2FB3AFE70BDAA" box="[308,425,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. humilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Males may have one to three foreleg tarsal segments and females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FB45FB3AFA90BDAA" box="[1219,1353,1177,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiorix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FB45FB3AFA90BDAA" box="[1219,1353,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. ambiorix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FA04FB3AFF33BDCE" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Stygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FA04FB3AFF33BDCE" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. humilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have four segments in the tarsus. Foreleg tarsal segmentation in the females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FB24FB1EFA9ABDCE" box="[1186,1347,1213,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hipparchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boisduvalii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FB24FB1EFA9ABDCE" box="[1186,1347,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. boisduvalii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FA04FB1EFEF8BDE2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FA04FB1EFEF8BDE2" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is unknown. All males have an aedeagus that is hourglass-shaped at the distal end and that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FA04FB42FECDBC06" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hipparchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boisduvalii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FA04FB42FECDBC06" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. boisduvalii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FECCFAA6FE2CBC06" box="[330,501,1285,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FECCFAA6FE2CBC06" box="[330,501,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
bear lateral serrations or dentate projections. Valvae are trapezoidal to triangular at the proximal end and uncus is widest at the base except for in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FCCFFA8AFC2ABC5A" box="[841,1011,1321,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schajovskoii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FCCFFA8AFC2ABC5A" box="[841,1011,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. schajovskoii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where it is slightly narrower where it joins the tegumen.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFA58453FF41FAD1FD28BE22" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF41FAD1FE8FBCCA" blockId="46.[151,1437,925,1850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF41FAD1FEE2BC92" bold="true" box="[199,315,1393,1418]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Original descriptions for this genus and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FC83FAD1FC65BC92" box="[773,956,1393,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Homoeonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FC83FAD1FC65BC92" box="[773,956,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Homoeonympha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is combined with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FB59FAD2FA84BC91" box="[1247,1373,1394,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FB59FAD2FA84BC91" box="[1247,1373,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neosatyrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
here, are very poor and include only a few characters. All are distributed between Valparaíso and northern Los Lagos provinces,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFA58453FE94FA19FE8BBCCA" box="[274,338,1465,1490]" name="Chile" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFA58453FF41FA7DFD28BE22" blockId="46.[151,1437,925,1850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FEE2FA7EFE04BCED" box="[356,477,1502,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vesagus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FEE2FA7EFE04BCED" box="[356,477,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. vesagus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FE6DFA7DFD66BCEE" box="[491,703,1501,1526]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Doubleday, E. (1849) In: Doubleday, E., Westwood, J. O., and Hewitson, W. C. (1850 - 1852) (Eds.), The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. II. Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans, London, pp. 251 - 534." type="book chapter">Doubleday, [1849]</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FD51FA7DFCFBBCEE" box="[727,802,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FD51FA7DFCFBBCEE" box="[727,802,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Erebia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FCD7FA7EFB47BCEE" authority="Butler, 1881" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1881" box="[849,1182,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochreivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FCD7FA7EFBD3BCEE" box="[849,1034,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. ochreivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FB97FA7DFB47BCEE" author="Butler" box="[1041,1182,1501,1526]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Butler, A. G. (1881) List of butterflies collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1881 (4), 449 - 486, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1881">Butler, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; =
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FB46FA7EFF09BF02" authority="Butler, 1881" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FB46FA7EFA93BCEE" box="[1216,1354,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. violaceus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FAD6FA7DFF09BF02" author="Butler" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Butler, A. G. (1881) List of butterflies collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1881 (4), 449 - 486, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1881">Butler, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFA58453FF6EF9A1FEF2BF02" box="[232,299,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1281,1303]" captionTargetBox="[253,1336,200,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[243,1344,193,1260]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 8. Composite habitus images of Neosatyrus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Neosatyrus ambiorix Wallengren, 1858 male holotype (NRM); B: Neosatyrus boisduvalii (Blanchard, 1852) male (MZUJ); C, D: Neosatyrus humilis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) n. comb. male lectotype (BMNH # 809786) (C), male paralectotype (BMNH # 809783) (D); E: Neosatyrus schajovskoii (Hayward, 1954) n. comb. male (MZUJ); F: Neosatyrus vesagus (Doubleday, [1849]), male holotype (BMNH Rh 3875) illustration reproduced from Elwes (1903, plate XIV, Fig. 9)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271712/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|
F; 27) were unavailable for detailed study, but are very like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FC57F9A1FB97BF02" box="[977,1102,1537,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hipparchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boisduvalii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FC57F9A1FB97BF02" box="[977,1102,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">boisduvalii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in wing patterning and shape of the hindwing, however without the VHW ocelli. We tentatively include this taxon in our circumscription of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF11F9EAFECCBF79" box="[151,277,1610,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11F9EAFECCBF79" box="[151,277,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neosatyrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although we likewise did not have material of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FC3CF9E9FE8EBF9E" authority="(Weymer, 1890) (Pseudomaniola)" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaniola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euripides">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FC3CF9E9FB18BF7A" box="[954,1217,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neomaniola euripides</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FB58F9EAFA4DBF7A" author="Weymer" box="[1246,1428,1610,1634]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Weymer, G. & Massen, J. P. (1890) Lepidopteren gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 von Alphons Stubel. A. Asher & Co., Berlin, xi + 182 pp., 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="1890">Weymer, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF26F9CDFE97BF9E" box="[160,334,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pseudomaniola</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to examine firsthand, photographs of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFA58453FCA9F9CDFC4FBF9E" box="[815,918,1645,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
|
and illustrations in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FBF0F9CEFAD2BF9E" author="Pyrcz" box="[1142,1291,1646,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. (2012) A new species of satyrine butterfly from Patagonia in more than a century and revisional notes on the genus Faunula C. Felder & R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3342, 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2012">Pyrcz (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, suggest that this species belongs in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FE3BF932FDE2BFB1" box="[445,571,1682,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FE3BF932FDE2BFB1" box="[445,571,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neosatyrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as well.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FD47F932FCA3BFB2" author="Weymer" box="[705,890,1682,1706]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Weymer, G. & Massen, J. P. (1890) Lepidopteren gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 von Alphons Stubel. A. Asher & Co., Berlin, xi + 182 pp., 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="1890">Weymer (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FBC1F931FB76BFB2" box="[1095,1199,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaniola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euripides">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FBC1F931FB76BFB2" box="[1095,1199,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">euripides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FB7EF931FA9FBFB2" box="[1272,1350,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Tetraphlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleates">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FB7EF931FA9FBFB2" box="[1272,1350,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">eleates</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in his
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FF11F915FE9CBFD6" box="[151,325,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudomaniola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FF11F915FE9CBFD6" box="[151,325,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pseudomaniola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(a junior homomym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FDEAF915FC6ABFD6" authority="Rober 1889" authorityName="Rober" authorityYear="1889" box="[620,947,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudomaniola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FDEAF915FCC3BFD6" box="[620,794,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pseudomaniola</emphasis>
|
|
Röber 1889
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)), and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFA58453FB8DF916FB7BBFD6" author="Pyrcz" box="[1035,1186,1718,1742]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. (2012) A new species of satyrine butterfly from Patagonia in more than a century and revisional notes on the genus Faunula C. Felder & R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3342, 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2012">Pyrcz (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
included both in his circumscription of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FEEDF979FE13BFEA" box="[363,458,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Faunula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FEEDF979FE13BFEA" box="[363,458,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Faunula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which we have shown to be polyphyletic. The rounded shape of the hindwing (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFA58453FAC4F979FA5ABFEA" box="[1346,1411,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,199,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[168,1419,193,1512]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 3. Composite habitus images of various monotypic genera. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852. male (BMNH # 789887) (A); female (BMNH # 789927) (B); C: Stuardosatyrus williamsianus (Butler, 1868) male (JMC 1003); D: Pamperis poaoeneis Heimlich, 1959 male holotype (scale bar = 1 cm; Photos provided by Ulf Buchsbaum, Zoologische Staatsammlung München); E, F: Neomaniola euripides (Weymer, 1890), showing variability of forewing shape, expanse of dorsal silver scales, and sizes and numbers of ocelli, in two specimens from Mazocruz, Puno, Peru (images from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271707/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
E, F; 27) suggests placement in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FE61F95EFDBCBE0D" box="[487,613,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FE61F95EFDBCBE0D" box="[487,613,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Neosatyrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but further evidence is necessary to determine whether these taxa truly belong in
|
|
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFA58453FE81F882FDF1BE22" box="[263,552,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FE81F882FE51BE21" box="[263,392,1826,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neosatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neosatyrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFA58453FE15F881FDFDBE22" box="[403,548,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Tetraphlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetraphlebia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
or another genus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |