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<document id="70CC38AD20292D4742DF3935E8041E91" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629762739311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Veena, S. &amp; Kaladharan, P." docDate="2012" docId="03F187B6014FFF876484FDCA094C4AFF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03204p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3204" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cavernulina orientalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFC8FFCE014EFF866413FFDF08224F36" masterDocTitle="The first record of Cavernulina orientalis (Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909) (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Veretillidae) from the Bay coast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1699108579663" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3429AA9DDD4A0F8A1BB929FA3697CCDD">The first record of Cavernulina orientalis (Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909) (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Veretillidae) from the Bay coast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79B3EEA9338FF49586AAE5512F1CAFE1">Veena, S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9581A46C6D82E4F7277ADB289E7F46FD">Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of CMFRI, Pandurangapuram, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A1848CD6049859E51AFE4A40604700A">Kaladharan, P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5CA20BEE6175D906F69558D4C6432F9F">Calicut Research Centre of CMFRI, Westhill PO, Kozhicode, 673005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0D3C208556ECD845B59F5EF14BED7562">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C92583A5BB019735BD400E9257D874D">3204</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F187B6014FFF876484FDCA094C4AFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5249574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5249574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187B6014FFF876484FDCA094C4AFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187B6014FFF876484FDCA094C4AFF" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C342652B014FFF876484FDCA0AF84D1A" box="[151,730,532,557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF876484FDCA0AF84D1A" blockId="1.[151,730,532,591]" box="[151,730,532,557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0AF81CC014FFF876484FDCA0AF84D1A" bold="true" box="[151,730,532,557]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D23014FFF876484FDCA0AF84D1A" ID-CoL="RY7M" authority="(Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,730,532,557]" class="Anthozoa" family="Veretillidae" genus="Cavernulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF876484FDCA0AF84D1A" bold="true" box="[151,730,532,557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF876484FDCA09AC4D1B" bold="true" box="[151,398,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Cavernulina orientalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF87658FFDCB0AF04D1A" author="Thomson &amp; J. A &amp; Simpson J." box="[412,722,532,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refId="ref2086" refString="Thomson J. A. &amp; Simpson J. (1909) An Account of the Alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean by J. Arthur Thomson &amp; J. J. Simpson with a report on the species of Dendronephthya by W. D. Henderson. II. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral area. Aberdeen, The University Press, Calcutta, 319 pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF876484FDE708C44D79" blockId="1.[151,730,532,591]" box="[151,230,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A25014FFF87648CFDE708FF4D79" box="[159,221,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[243,1340,212,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[223,1364,194,1822]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cavernulina orientalis: A, whole colony with a portion enlarged to show the autozooids and siphonozooids; B, axis; C, rachis sclerites; D, peduncle sclerites." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342652B014FFF876484FDA20A5A4DC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF876484FDA209B14D82" blockId="1.[151,1436,637,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48118E014FFF876484FDA209B14D82" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D23014FFF876484FDA20B6F4DA2" ID-CoL="866FH" authority="Thompson and Simpson 1909: 305 - 306" authorityName="Thompson and Simpson" authorityPageNumber="305 - 306" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,845,637,660]" class="Anthozoa" family="Veretillidae" genus="Cavernularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF876484FDA209B64DA2" box="[151,404,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Cavernularia orientalis</emphasis>
Thompson and Simpson 1909: 305–306
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 9, figs. 1a, 1b;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF876033FDA20D294DA2" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[1056,1291,637,660]" page="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF876033FDA20D294DA2" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[1056,1291,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refId="ref1828" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1916) The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition, with a general survey of the order. E. J. Brill Publishers, Siboga Expeditie Monograph 14 (77), Leiden, The Netherlands, 265 pp." type="book" year="1916">Hickson 1916: 52–55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 9; 1937: 110–115, figs. 1, 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF876484FD620A5A4DC2" blockId="1.[151,1436,637,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48118E014FFF876484FD620A5A4DC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF876484FD620AFD4DE2" author="Kuekenthal, W. &amp; Broch, H." box="[151,735,701,724]" page="175" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1911">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D23014FFF876484FD620AFD4DE2" ID-CoL="RY7M" authority="Kuekenthal &amp; Broch 1911: 175" authorityName="Kuekenthal &amp; Broch" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,735,701,724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Veretillidae" genus="Cavernulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF876484FD6209AA4DE2" box="[151,392,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Cavernulina orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF87659DFD620AFD4DE2" author="Kuekenthal, W. &amp; Broch, H." box="[398,735,701,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="113 - 576" refId="ref1968" refString="Kuekenthal, W. &amp; Broch, H. (1911) Pennatulacea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 99, 13 (1), Lieferung 2, 113 - 576." type="journal article" year="1911">Kuekenthal &amp; Broch 1911: 175</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF8766FAFD620BE84DE2" author="Kuekenthal, W." box="[745,970,701,724]" page="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF8766FAFD620BE84DE2" author="Kuekenthal, W." box="[745,970,701,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refId="ref1945" refString="Kuekenthal, W. (1915) Pennatularia. R. Friedldnder und Sohn Publishers, Berlin, Germany, 132 pp." type="book" year="1915">Kuekenthal 1915: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF8767C6FD620C8A4DE2" author="D'Hondt, Marie-Jose" box="[981,1192,701,724]" page="629" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF8767C6FD620C8A4DE2" author="D'Hondt, Marie-Jose" box="[981,1192,701,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="625 - 640" refId="ref1719" refString="D'Hondt, Marie-Jose. (1984) Contribution a la connaissance de certains genres de la famille Veretillidae (Pennatulacea). Description de Cavernulina grandiflora n. sp. et de Lituaria valenciennesi nom. nov. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Section A, Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales, 6 (3), 625 - 640." type="journal article" year="1984">D’Hondt 1984: 629</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF8760A1FD620DBA4DE2" author="Imahara, Y." box="[1202,1432,701,724]" page="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF8760A1FD620DBA4DE2" author="Imahara, Y." box="[1202,1432,701,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="59 - 94" refId="ref1907" refString="Imahara, Y. (1991) Report on the Octocorallia from the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. Bulletin of Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, 11 / 12, 59 - 94." type="journal article" year="1991">Imahara 1991: 83–84</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 20, pl. IIk;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910B1014FFF87657AFD020A564DC2" author="Williams, G. C." box="[361,628,733,756]" page="307" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B51014FFF87657AFD020A564DC2" author="Williams, G. C." box="[361,628,733,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="285 - 310" refId="ref2242" refString="Williams, G. C. (1989) The pennatulacean genus Cavernularia Valenciennes (Octocorallia: Veretillidae). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 95, 285 - 310." type="journal article" year="1989">Williams 1989: 307–308</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342652B014FFF876484FCC009B74C6F" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF876484FCC009B74C6F" blockId="1.[151,1437,799,1481]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF876484FCC009544C01" bold="true" box="[151,374,799,823]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
VSCo2, Mangamaripeta, Visakhapatnam,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C5067014FFF876750FCFF0BF14C01" box="[835,979,800,823]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" precision="1" seconds="3.35" value="17.850931">17°51'3.35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C5067014FFF876019FCFF0C8A4C01" box="[1034,1192,800,823]" degrees="83" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" precision="1" seconds="50.45" value="83.41402">83°24'50.45&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, beach, coll. S. Veena.
<date id="FFE61060014FFF876484FC9D09344C6F" box="[151,278,834,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" value="2009-07-09">9 July 2009</date>
, 2 colonies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342652B014FFF8764D4FCBB094C4AFF" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF8764D4FCBB09694AB2" blockId="1.[151,1437,799,1481]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF8764D4FCBB09704C4A" bold="true" box="[199,338,868,892]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
One of the two colonies has a total length of
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(
<figureCitation id="13632A25014FFF8767B6FCBA0BDE4C4A" box="[933,1020,869,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[243,1340,212,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[223,1364,194,1822]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cavernulina orientalis: A, whole colony with a portion enlarged to show the autozooids and siphonozooids; B, axis; C, rachis sclerites; D, peduncle sclerites." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). It is clavate and elongate and has a peduncle
<quantity id="4CA09B45014FFF876512FC57096C4CA9" box="[257,334,904,927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
long and
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wide that occupies about 56% of colony length. The rachis length is about 44% of colony length;
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long and
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maximum width. Both rachis and peduncle are thick and fleshy. Autozooids and siphonozooids are distributed on the rachis surface with no orderly pattern of arrangement. The autozooids are all completely retracted, some to level with the surface of the rachis and others forming dents, all appearing as dark brown to black pores, 0.30–1.00 mm diameter, and separated by distances varying from 0.50–1.00 mm. The siphonozooids are smaller than the autozooids and are distributed between them (
<figureCitation id="13632A25014FFF876723FBEA0BA74B7A" box="[816,901,1077,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[243,1340,212,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[223,1364,194,1822]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cavernulina orientalis: A, whole colony with a portion enlarged to show the autozooids and siphonozooids; B, axis; C, rachis sclerites; D, peduncle sclerites." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). A white, highly calcified internal axis is present,
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in length. It extends from the rachis down to about the upper 1/4 of the peduncle; 39% of colony length. The axis is rod shaped with a median whorl of projections and is
<quantity id="4CA09B45014FFF8766EAFBA50B154BA7" box="[761,823,1146,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter (
<figureCitation id="13632A25014FFF87602EFBA50CAD4BA7" box="[1085,1167,1146,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[243,1340,212,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[223,1364,194,1822]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cavernulina orientalis: A, whole colony with a portion enlarged to show the autozooids and siphonozooids; B, axis; C, rachis sclerites; D, peduncle sclerites." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Sclerites are present in the surface of rachis and include crutches
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long, bone-shaped rods
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long and spindles
<quantity id="4CA09B45014FFF876173FB4208DB4BE1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.40– 0.90 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13632A25014FFF876555FB1F09BF4BE1" box="[326,413,1216,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[243,1340,212,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[223,1364,194,1822]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cavernulina orientalis: A, whole colony with a portion enlarged to show the autozooids and siphonozooids; B, axis; C, rachis sclerites; D, peduncle sclerites." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Sclerites from the interior of rachis are similar in shape and size to those of the surface. Peduncle surface sclerites are oval to spindle-shaped and many have a pre-median whorl. They are
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long and the ends are rounded to bluntly pointed (
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). Peduncle interior sclerites are sparse and similar in shape and size to those of the peduncle surface. Colouration is greyish white in the rachis, with dark brown to black autozooids. Sclerites are colourless. The second colony is
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long and its characters are much the same as those of the one described above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736A0014FFF8764D4FA4F094C4AFF" blockId="1.[151,1437,799,1481]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D23014FFF8765C6FA4F0AE54A91" authorityName="Kuekenthal &amp; Broch" authorityYear="1911" box="[469,711,1424,1447]" class="Anthozoa" family="Veretillidae" genus="Cavernulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAB2014FFF8765C6FA4F0AE54A91" box="[469,711,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Cavernulina orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Visakhapatnam coast and adds a new record to the benthic fauna of this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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