271 lines
31 KiB
XML
271 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="ABA22ED055F303593F7EFB7D41CDD531" ID-CLB-Dataset="37165" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273344" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d10b9f81-9b43-4efb-a0ea-b57b6229ef1f" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273344" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1460099872567" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Victor, Eastop, F. & Blackman, Roger L." docDate="2005" docId="6946AD0A91270741FEA0FB27FE5901F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01089p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1089" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Aphis maidiradicis Forbes 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="957FD57291230747FFA8FFA7FFC70007" masterDocTitle="Some new synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1728926924035" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9EB96888227E03B7AEE6E527E5847169">Some new synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BA6E6D0A622E1EF41A70958FAFFE78CD">Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7AD7E4F592F1A95811FD25B3123CBC7">Eastop, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3CA2DD0B9441CF9EAFB1472337FC224E">Blackman, Roger L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="24A61460E8F2C80EE501E087055E76C6">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6946AD0A91270741FEA0FB27FE5901F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127643851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6946AD0A91270741FEA0FB27FE5901F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6946AD0A91270741FEA0FB27FE5901F9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph id="E1501C1C91270743FEA0FB27FB2C04C2" blockId="4.[264,1324,1152,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="BA18AB7091270743FEA0FB27FB2C04C2" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FEA0FB27FB2C04C2" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FEA0FB27FD4C049D" ID-CoL="FF2Z" authority="Forbes 1891" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1891" box="[264,651,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidiradicis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FEA0FB27FE2D049D" bold="true" box="[264,490,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphis maidiradicis</emphasis>
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Forbes 1891
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FD3AFB27FD64049D" bold="true" box="[658,675,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FD02FB27FB7A049D" authority="Thomas 1879" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1879" box="[682,1213,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="middletonii" subGenus="Protaphis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FD02FB27FBD7049D" bold="true" box="[682,1040,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphis (Protaphis) middletonii</emphasis>
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Thomas 1879
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FEA0FB0CFD7704C2" authority="Cowan 1895" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[264,688,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menthaeradicis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FEA0FB0CFDC804C2" bold="true" box="[264,527,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphis menthaeradicis</emphasis>
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Cowan 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FD7FFB0CFB2C04C2" authority="Thomas 1879" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1879" box="[727,1259,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="middletonii" subGenus="Protaphis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FD7FFB0CFBFA04C2" bold="true" box="[727,1085,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphis (Protaphis) middletonii</emphasis>
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Thomas 1879
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1501C1C91270743FEA0FB70FC6406F1" blockId="4.[264,1324,1152,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Colonies of
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FE34FB70FDA904F7" box="[412,622,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FE34FB70FE1904F7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[412,478,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphis</taxonomicName>
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(Protaphis)
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</emphasis>
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found on roots of various plants in North
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<collectingCountry id="99F85C8C91270743FBD8FB70FB1204F6" box="[1136,1237,1239,1265]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">America</collectingCountry>
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are all very similar and the number of taxa involved has always been in doubt (see
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<bibRefCitation id="857E61ED91270743FB2CFAA5FADA051B" author="Palmer" box="[1156,1309,1282,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Palmer, M. A. (1952) Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region. Thomas Say Foundation, Denver, 452 pp." type="book" year="1952">Palmer 1952</bibRefCitation>
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). We have done a multivariate analysis of morphometric variation (method of canonical variates) in 7 characters within and between 27 samples of apterous viviparae and 13 samples of alate viviparae from various plants, especially Compositae and
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FBCAFA24FB13059B" box="[1122,1236,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mays">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FBCAFA24FB13059B" box="[1122,1236,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zea mays</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in the BMNH colln (
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<figureCitation id="79D4009991270743FE1EFA09FE3A05CF" box="[438,509,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1347,1368]" captionTargetBox="[396,1195,303,1330]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1240,272,847]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Plots of mean scores on the first and second canonical variates for (a) 27 samples of apterae and (b) 13 samples of alatae, of the Aphis middletonii group from various sources in the BMNH collection (identified on slide labels as armoraciae, maidiradicis, menthaeradicis or middletonii). Samples comprised 4 – 13 individuals collected on the same host at the same locality and on the same date (with the exception of two samples of trapped alatae). Seven linear parameters were measured on each specimen (lengths of siphunculus, third antennal segment, base of sixth antennal segment, processus terminalis, last segment of rostrum (combined third and fourth), hind tibia, second segment of hind tarsus). Data were analysed using the discriminant analysis package in Statistica (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA), with the sample as the grouping variable. Collection data: Apocynum androsaemifolium, Utah, vii. 1946; Artemisia campestris, Washington, 1994; Aster, California, ix. 1930; Aster, Warmea HT, viii. 1960; Aster, Jamaica, viii. 1927; Baccharis, California, x. 1944; Castilleja, Oregon, vi. 1980; Chenopodium album, S Dakota, vii. 1963; Cichorium intybus, Washington, v. 1994; “ Compositae ”, N Carolina, iv. 1964; “ composite root ”, Mexico, v. 1981; Conyza bonariensis, Brazil; Conyza canadensis, California, viii. 1940; “ corn ”, Utah, ix. 1958; Daucus carota, California, xi. 1975; Echinops ritro, California, xi. 1971; Erigeron linifolius, California, ix. 1975; Hibiscus, California, iv. 1962; Leontodon autumnalis, New Brunswick, ix. 1956; Opuntia, S Africa, x. 1975; Picris echioides, California, ix. 1941; Portulaca oleracea, California, ix. 1975; Rudbeckia serotina, Manitoba, vii. 1963; Senecio root, California, vii. 1941; Sonchus oleraceus, California, ix. 1975; Zea mays, Idaho, ix. 1935; Zea mays, Mexico, viii. 1981; Zea mays, Utah, ix. 1955; pan traps, Louisiana, v. 1969; water traps, Campinas, Brazil, 1966 – 70." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273345/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Samples of both apterae and alatae from
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FBA0FA09FBAF05C0" box="[1032,1128,1454,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FBA0FA09FBAF05C0" box="[1032,1128,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Opuntia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in S Africa and
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FEA0FA7EFE4405F5" box="[264,387,1497,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Apocynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FEA0FA7EFE4405F5" box="[264,387,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apocynum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="99F85C8C91270743FE03FA7EFE2105F4" box="[427,486,1497,1523]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
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had similar scores that discriminated them from all other samples, but apart from this the analysis failed to reveal any clustering of samples which might indicate the existence of more than one taxon, and notably failed to differentiate between samples from Compositae (putative
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FDE3F9FCFD1F0673" box="[587,728,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">armoraceae</emphasis>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FCB3F9FCFC800673" box="[795,839,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FCB3F9FCFC800673" box="[795,839,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(putative
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FC15F9FCFB960673" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1891" box="[957,1105,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidiradicis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FC15F9FCFB960673" box="[957,1105,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">maidiradicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). This method has proved powerful for discriminating closelyrelated taxa in other species groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="857E61ED91270743FB1AF921FE8106CC" author="Blackman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Blackman, R. L. (1992) The use of ordination techniques to discriminate within pest aphid species complexes. In: Sorensen, J. T. & Foottit, R. [Eds], Ordination in the Study of Morphology, Evolution and Systematics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 261 - 275." type="book chapter" year="1992">Blackman 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="857E61ED91270743FEFBF916FD5906CC" author="Blackman" box="[339,670,1713,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Blackman, R. L. & De Boise, E. 2002. Morphometric correlates of karyotype and host plant in the genus Euceraphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Systematic Entomology, 27, 323 - 335." type="journal article" year="2002">Blackman & DeBoise 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), so we conclude that a single name should be applied, the oldest available being
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91270743FD92F97BFC5806F1" authority="Thomas (1879)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1879" box="[570,927,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="middletonii">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91270743FD92F97BFD2606F2" box="[570,737,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. middletonii</emphasis>
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Thomas (1879)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B5904C9491260742FEA0FAE4FE6C076A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.273345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273345/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[396,1195,303,1330]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="E1501C1C91260742FEA0FAE4FE6C076A" blockId="5.[264,1325,1347,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FEA0FAE4FEB9055F" bold="true" box="[264,382,1347,1368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Plots of mean scores on the first and second canonical variates for (a) 27 samples of apterae and (b) 13 samples of alatae, of the
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FDF1FAC6FCC00571" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1879" box="[601,775,1377,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="middletonii">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FDF1FAC6FCC00571" box="[601,775,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphis middletonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group from various sources in the BMNH collection (identified on slide labels as
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FDB3FA27FD4C0592" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[539,651,1408,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoraciae">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FDB3FA27FD4C0592" box="[539,651,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">armoraciae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FD3EFA27FCC80592" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1891" box="[662,783,1408,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidiradicis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FD3EFA27FCC80592" box="[662,783,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">maidiradicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FCB4FA27FC770592" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[796,944,1408,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menthaeradicis">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FCB4FA27FC770592" box="[796,944,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">menthaeradicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC67FA27FBFB0592" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1879" box="[975,1084,1408,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="middletonii">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC67FA27FBFB0592" box="[975,1084,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">middletonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Samples comprised 4– 13 individuals collected on the same host at the same locality and on the same date (with the exception of two samples of trapped alatae). Seven linear parameters were measured on each specimen (lengths of siphunculus, third antennal segment, base of sixth antennal segment, processus terminalis, last segment of rostrum (combined third and fourth), hind tibia, second segment of hind tarsus). Data were analysed using the discriminant analysis package in Statistica (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA), with the sample as the grouping variable. Collection data:
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<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FDA3F996FCE10641" box="[523,806,1585,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Apocynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="androsaemifolium">
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<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FDA3F996FCE10641" box="[523,806,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apocynum androsaemifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Utah, vii.1946;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC7CF996FB650641" box="[980,1186,1585,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC7CF996FB650641" box="[980,1186,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Artemisia campestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Washington, 1994;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FEE6F9E9FE470664" box="[334,384,1614,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FEE6F9E9FE470664" box="[334,384,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, ix.1930;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FDC2F9E9FCF70664" authority=", Warmea HT" authorityName="Warmea HT" box="[618,816,1614,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FDC2F9E9FD5B0664" box="[618,668,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aster</emphasis>
|
||
, Warmea HT
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, viii.1960;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC06F9E9FC270664" box="[942,992,1614,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC06F9E9FC270664" box="[942,992,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Jamaica, viii.1927;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB6BF9E9FAE30664" box="[1219,1316,1614,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB6BF9E9FAE30664" box="[1219,1316,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, x.1944;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FE6DF9CBFDE50686" box="[453,546,1644,1665]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Castilleja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FE6DF9CBFDE50686" box="[453,546,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Castilleja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Oregon, vi.1980;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FD72F9CBFBCC0687" authority=", S Dakota" authorityName="S Dakota" box="[730,1035,1643,1665]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FD72F9CBFC640686" box="[730,931,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chenopodium album</emphasis>
|
||
, S Dakota
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, vii.1963;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FBDAF9CBFAE30686" box="[1138,1316,1644,1665]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intybus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FBDAF9CBFAE30686" box="[1138,1316,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cichorium intybus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Washington, v.1994; “Compositae”, N Carolina, iv.1964; “composite root”, Mexico, v.1981;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB4BF92EFEB006BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB4BF92EFEB006BC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conyza bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Brazil;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FE41F901FD6E06BC" box="[489,681,1702,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FE41F901FD6E06BC" box="[489,681,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conyza canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, viii.1940; “corn”, Utah, ix.1958;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB38F901FAE206BC" box="[1168,1317,1702,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Daucus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carota">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB38F901FAE206BC" box="[1168,1317,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Daucus carota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, xi.1975;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FE7CF963FDA406DE" box="[468,611,1732,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Echinops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ritro">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FE7CF963FDA406DE" box="[468,611,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Echinops ritro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, xi.1971;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC97F963FC3306DE" box="[831,1012,1732,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Erigeron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linifolius">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC97F963FC3306DE" box="[831,1012,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Erigeron linifolius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, ix.1975;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB79F963FAE206DE" box="[1233,1317,1732,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB79F963FAE206DE" box="[1233,1317,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, iv.1962;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FE7DF946FD7506F1" box="[469,690,1761,1782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leontodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FE7DF946FD7506F1" box="[469,690,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leontodon autumnalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, New Brunswick, ix.1956;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC7BF946FBE606F1" box="[979,1057,1761,1782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC7BF946FBE606F1" box="[979,1057,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, S Africa, x.1975;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB59F946FEA50714" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB59F946FEA50714" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Picris echioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, ix.1941;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FDE2F959FCCB0714" box="[586,780,1790,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Portulacaceae" genus="Portulaca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FDE2F959FCCB0714" box="[586,780,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Portulaca oleracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, ix.1975;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FC5BF959FB730714" box="[1011,1204,1790,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FC5BF959FB730714" box="[1011,1204,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rudbeckia serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Manitoba, vii.1963;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FECCF8BBFE680736" box="[356,431,1820,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FECCF8BBFE680736" box="[356,431,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Senecio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
root, California, vii.1941;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FD18F8BBFCA40736" box="[688,867,1820,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sonchus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleraceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FD18F8BBFCA40736" box="[688,867,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sonchus oleraceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, California, ix.1975;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FB9AF8BBFB4A0736" box="[1074,1165,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mays">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FB9AF8BBFB4A0736" box="[1074,1165,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zea mays</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Idaho, ix.1935;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FEA0F89EFEA20749" box="[264,357,1849,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mays">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FEA0F89EFEA20749" box="[264,357,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zea mays</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mexico, viii.1981;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91260742FD85F89EFD4D0749" box="[557,650,1849,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mays">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91260742FD85F89EFD4D0749" box="[557,650,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zea mays</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Utah, ix.1955; pan traps, Louisiana, v.1969; water traps, Campinas, Brazil, 1966–70.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1501C1C91250741FE90FEBBFE5901F9" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In the N American literature, populations identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91250741FC74FEBBFB4E0132" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[988,1161,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoraciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91250741FC74FEBBFB4E0132" box="[988,1161,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. armoraciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are stated to produce alate males, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91250741FDC7FEE3FCC4015A" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1891" box="[623,771,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidiradicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91250741FDC7FEE3FCC4015A" box="[623,771,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">maidiradicis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91250741FCE8FEE3FC32015A" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[832,1013,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menthaeradicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91250741FCE8FEE3FC32015A" box="[832,1013,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">menthaeradicis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have apterous males, and oviparae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26EF679F91250741FE34FECBFD960182" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1895" box="[412,593,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menthaeradicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D39BC00E91250741FE34FECBFD960182" box="[412,593,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">menthaeradicis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are said to have very few scent glands on their hind tibiae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="857E61ED91250741FEB8FE33FE7301A9" author="Palmer" box="[272,436,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Palmer, M. A. (1952) Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region. Thomas Say Foundation, Denver, 452 pp." type="book" year="1952">Palmer 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the criteria for naming these populations are unclear, and experimental work is needed to show whether these differences are of any taxonomic significance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |