245 lines
31 KiB
XML
245 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="B7AC641E6116A4D70E2FCEE126AC8AE6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3EDB55AA2DE931CFFC5D81EF0883F036">
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<mods:title id="4E7C5320FF4D42A0345E9E1C4D462924">The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20356F7D029E922FDE9E208E86935152">Venekey, Virag</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2ED86021C8355AC08A2A836F7D236E24">Gheller, Paula F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D1FB987BAEBF3F02C018E3B804CC34A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2495323A97E0B5B9448331363949E454">Kandratavicius, Noelia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B87E4579C7AF91E655749908622069E">Cunha, Beatriz Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF96630600EAAA0A35108623A42E7D52">Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D6A7E7B121E901FA056A84C50EEDEE9">Fonseca, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E4E592FE5FE69F378A3EFE7A378F991">Maria, Tatiana F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="911DCF820771C28CC1C51B0C3E154DC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0BE12EACB2BE11B2E1CDDF12C3D89B7">
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<mods:date id="06EC9C7871E7CC401AEEB40773A385E0">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E02E585FA74B67C78C6C6ED354DA39D9">2019-04-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9ED4C78F51A1DEC7D87406B59F2D67F5">4578</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E44514D82C2B4B9D23A7BB369ACC84BF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="98CDEADCA40FFF31C90B50F06FD6E3D8" type="CLB-Dataset">27319</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="365409CD9226827AC387DCA968D968A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4578.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="52215C67FFC5FFB7FF21F92E8219F864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587324" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156198283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52215C67FFC5FFB7FF21F92E8219F864" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52215C67FFC5FFB7FF21F92E8219F864" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="9292BEFAFFC5FFB6FF21F92E8369F94A" box="[151,520,1736,1762]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA37ED71FFC5FFB6FF21F92E8369F94A" blockId="52.[151,520,1736,1762]" box="[151,520,1736,1762]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="817F5A1DFFC5FFB6FF21F92E8369F94A" bold="true" box="[151,520,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC5FFB6FF21F92E8369F94A" bold="true" box="[151,520,1736,1762]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Phylogeny of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FEF6F92E8369F94A" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1917" box="[320,520,1736,1762]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Chromadoridae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9292BEFAFFC5FFB7FF21F8E98219F864" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DA37ED71FFC5FFB7FF21F8E98341FDB0" blockId="52.[151,1436,1806,2011]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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A total of 28 sequences of 18S rDNA were retrieved from the GenBank (Appendix 1). These sequences covered 11 genera, of which only nine were identified to species level. The 18S-based molecular phylogenetic tree recovered three monophyletic clades with high support (
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<figureCitation id="42B3F1F4FFC5FFB6FD08F8B08246F8C7" box="[702,807,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="53.[151,244,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,589,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[152,1435,587,1363]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bayesian tree inferred by 18S sequences. The species are coloured based on current classification: *Species currently classified in a subfamily different from that which was grouped by Bayesian analysis. The posterior probabilities are given on each node. The scale represents substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637459/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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), which correspond to the subfamilies
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FAB6F8B084F9F8C7" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1280,1432,1878,1903]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spilipherinae">Spilipherinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FF21F89C8024F83B" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[151,325,1914,1939]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromadorinae">Chromadorinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FECCF89C833DF83B" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1965" box="[378,604,1914,1939]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypodontolaiminae">Hypodontolaiminae</taxonomicName>
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. The sequence of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FC95F89C844DF83B" authority="Platt, 1973" authorityName="Platt" authorityYear="1973" box="[803,1324,1914,1939]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Prochromadorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septempapillata">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC5FFB6FC95F89C85CBF83B" box="[803,1194,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Prochromadorella septempapillata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC5FFB6FB06F89C844DF83B" author="Platt, H. M." box="[1200,1324,1914,1939]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="295 - 321" refId="ref46291" refString="Platt, H. M. (1973) Freeliving marine nematodes from Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 14 (3), 295 - 321." type="journal article" year="1973">Platt, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, currently classified within the
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FE3EF8788357F81F" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[392,566,1950,1975]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromadorinae">Chromadorinae</taxonomicName>
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was grouped with species of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FC24F8788512F81F" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1965" box="[914,1139,1950,1975]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypodontolaiminae">Hypodontolaiminae</taxonomicName>
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, and the inverse occurred with a
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC5FFB6FF54F82480E6F873" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1929" box="[226,391,1986,2011]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Dichromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC5FFB6FF54F82480E6F873" box="[226,391,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dichromadora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequence (
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<accessionNumber id="C5DB7092FFC5FFB6FDB5F82483E2F873" box="[515,643,1986,2011]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY854209" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">AY854209</accessionNumber>
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). The tree did not recover the monophyly of most genera. In the case of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF21FF718057FF18" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,310,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FF21FF718057FF18" box="[151,310,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadorita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FEFFFF7E8361FF18" box="[329,512,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tentadunbum">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FEFFFF7E8361FF18" box="[329,512,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C. tentadunbum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a misspelling of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FD6AFF7185D9FF18" authority="de Man, 1890" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1890" box="[732,1208,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tentabunda">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FD6AFF718564FF18" box="[732,1029,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadorita tentabunda</emphasis>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FB81FF7E85D9FF18" author="de Man, J. G." box="[1079,1208,152,176]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 194" refId="ref40764" refString="de Man, J. G. (1890) Quatrieme note sur les nematodes libres de la mer du Nord et de la Manche. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 3, 169 - 194." type="journal article" year="1890">Man, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is considered as a complex
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FF48FF5A835FFF7D" box="[254,574,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF48FF5A80FBFF7D" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[254,410,188,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Chromadorita</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FE11FF5A835FFF7D" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1969" box="[423,574,188,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Innocuonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Innocuonema</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FDDEFF5A821BFF7C" author="Platt, H. M. & Warwick, R. M." box="[616,890,188,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref46324" refString="Platt, H. M. & Warwick, R. M. (1988) Free-living Marine Nematodes Part II, British Chromadorids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series). The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by E. J. Brill / Dr W. Backhuys. No. 38. 502 pp." type="book" year="1988">Platt & Warwick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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. The molecular data corroborated the hypothesis that this species does not belong to
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FD8AFF3983BAFF50" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[572,731,223,248]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FD8AFF3983BAFF50" box="[572,731,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadorita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and may be classified as
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FBB9FF0781BAFEB4" authority="(de Man 1890)" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Innocuonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tentabunda">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FBB9FF078451FF50" box="[1039,1328,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Innocuonema tentabunda</emphasis>
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(de
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<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FADFFF0681B2FEB4" author="de Man, J. G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 194" refId="ref40764" refString="de Man, J. G. (1890) Quatrieme note sur les nematodes libres de la mer du Nord et de la Manche. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 3, 169 - 194." type="journal article" year="1890">Man 1890</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF50FEE280EDFEB5" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[230,396,260,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FF50FEE280EDFEB5" box="[230,396,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also showed a difficult taxonomy with many species synonymized or transferred from other genera (see discussion in the Taxonomic session). The high divergence between these sequences and their phylogenetic position suggests that this genus needs a careful re-evaluation. Sequences of
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<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FB59FEAA84F5FECD" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1929" box="[1263,1428,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Dichromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FB59FEAA84F5FECD" box="[1263,1428,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dichromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF21FE89802CFE20" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,333,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Neochromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FF21FE89802CFE20" box="[151,333,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Neochromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FED4FE89837AFE20" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1959" box="[354,539,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Atrochromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FED4FE89837AFE20" box="[354,539,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Atrochromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FDE9FE89838EFE20" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[607,751,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FDE9FE89838EFE20" box="[607,751,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that were not clustered together with congeneric species probably are misidentified sequences in the GenBank. Problems of misidentification in genetic data banks are common across taxa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FE2AFE518323FE78" author="Vilgalys, R." box="[412,578,439,464]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref48430" refString="Vilgalys, R. (2003) Taxonomic misidentification in public DNA databases. New Phytologist, 160, 4 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1469 - 8137.2003.00894. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Vilgalys 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and have a negative effect on the resolution of molecular phylogenies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FF28FE3A8011FE5D" author="Holovachov, O." box="[158,368,476,501]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="10021" refId="ref42742" refString="Holovachov, O. (2016) Metabarcoding of marine nematodes-evaluation of reference datasets used in tree-based taxonomy assignment approach. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 10021. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 10021" type="journal article" year="2016">Holovachov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FE0CFE3A833EFE5D" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1929" box="[442,607,476,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Dichromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FE0CFE3A833EFE5D" box="[442,607,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dichromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sequence (
|
|
<accessionNumber id="C5DB7092FFC4FFB7FD57FE3A8201FE5D" box="[737,864,476,501]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY854209" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">AY854209</accessionNumber>
|
|
), for example, is identical to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FB54FE3A8076FDB0" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1959" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Atrochromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microlaima">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FB54FE3A8076FDB0" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Atrochromadora microlaima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sequence (
|
|
<accessionNumber id="C5DB7092FFC4FFB7FE25FE198375FDB0" box="[403,532,511,536]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY854204" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">AY854204</accessionNumber>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="8EF7BDF9FFC4FFB7FF21FA8F8307FA11" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637459/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,244,1385,1407]" targetBox="[155,1428,589,1356]" targetPageId="53">
|
|
<paragraph id="DA37ED71FFC4FFB7FF21FA8F8307FA11" blockId="53.[151,1436,1385,1465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FF21FA8F806FFAD7" bold="true" box="[151,270,1385,1407]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Bayesian tree inferred by 18S sequences. The species are coloured based on current classification: *Species currently classified in a subfamily different from that which was grouped by Bayesian analysis. The posterior probabilities are given on each node. The scale represents substitutions per site.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="DA37ED71FFC4FFB7FF71FA068559F92F" blockId="53.[151,1437,1502,1996]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|
From 28S rDNA region, a total of 11 sequences were obtained covering eight genera and four nominal species (Appendix 1). Once again, the analyses recovered three monophyletic clades roughly corresponding to the three subfamilies (
|
|
<figureCitation id="42B3F1F4FFC4FFB7FE90F9C080E9F997" box="[294,392,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="54.[151,244,972,994]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,203,951]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,195,951]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bayesian tree inferred by 28S sequences. The species are coloured based on current classification: *Species currently classified in a subfamily different from that which was grouped by Bayesian analysis. The posterior probabilities are given on each node. The scale represents substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637463/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The sequences of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FDD3F9C0826BF997" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1929" box="[613,778,1574,1599]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Dichromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FDD3F9C0826BF997" box="[613,778,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dichromadora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FCF7F9C08287F997" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[833,998,1574,1599]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Chromadorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FCF7F9C08287F997" box="[833,998,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chromadorina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were grouped into
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FB08F9C0840DF997" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1214,1388,1574,1599]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromadorinae">Chromadorinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF21F9AC8019F9CB" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,376,1610,1635]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypodontolaiminae">Hypodontolaiminae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, respectively, contradicting their current classification. This could be another case of misidentified sequences, since these sequences were not identified to species level.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DA37ED71FFC4FFB7FF71F9748219F864" blockId="53.[151,1437,1502,1996]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|
Despite the absence of defined synapomorphies for the subfamilies, the molecular phylogenies were able to recover the classification recognized by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FDD4F95E827EF967" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[610,799,1719,1743]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref45017" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1994) The phylogenetic systematics of free-living nematodes. The Ray Society Institute, London. n. 162. 383 pp." type="book" year="1994">Lorenzen (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FCEFF9508549F967" author="Tchesunov, A. V." box="[857,1064,1718,1743]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="373 - 398" refId="ref47849" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933 In: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia, Gnathifera. Handbook of Zoology Online. Germany, De Gruyter, pp. 373 - 398." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. It is worth noting that the clade
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF21F93C804DF95B" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,300,1754,1779]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spilipherinae">Spilipherinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
was represented by a single genus and there are no sequences available for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FB15F93C840BF95B" authorityName="Gerlach & Riemann" authorityYear="1973" box="[1187,1386,1754,1779]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euchromadorinae">Euchromadorinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FF21F9188033F8BF" authorityName="Platonova & Potin" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,338,1790,1815]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Harpagonchinae">Harpagonchinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The addition of new data will clarify the systematics within the family. Along with this, the material deposited in the GenBank exemplifies how problematic it is the identification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D8896F2FFC4FFB7FB38F8C4845DF893" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1917" box="[1166,1340,1826,1851]" class="Chromadorea" family="Chromadoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Chromadoridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. This is a common issue among marine nematodes and is a consequence of the poorly described species, large number of unknown species and scarcity of specialists. Validation of species lists (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FB16F88C84F1F82B" author="Venekey, V. & Gheller, P. F. & Maria, T. F. & Brustolin, M. C. & Kandratavicius, N. & Vieira, D. C. & Brito, S. & Souza, G. S." box="[1184,1424,1898,1923]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="367 - 390" refId="ref48277" refString="Venekey, V., Gheller, P. F., Maria, T. F., Brustolin, M. C., Kandratavicius, N., Vieira, D. C., Brito, S. & Souza, G. S. (2014) The state of the art of Xyalidae (Nematoda, Monhystera) with reference to the Brazilian records. Marine Biodiversity, 44, 367 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 014 - 0226 - 3" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Venekey
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FABDF88A8429F82B" box="[1291,1352,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), integrative taxonomical descriptions (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FDCBF8688230F80F" author="Cunha, B. P. & Brito, S. & Fonseca, G." box="[637,849,1934,1959]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="179 - 183" refId="ref39903" refString="Cunha, B. P., Brito, S. & Fonseca, G. (2013) Zygonemella: the forgotten genus of the family Xyalidae (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 3669 (2), 179 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 3669.2.10" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="A29FADE1FFC4FFB7FDCBF86883A7F80F" box="[637,710,1934,1959]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FD66F876826DF80F" box="[720,780,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FCD6F8688552F80F" author="Leduc, D. & Verdon, V. & Zhao, Z. Q." box="[864,1075,1934,1959]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref44506" refString="Leduc, D., Verdon, V. & Zhao, Z. Q. (2017) Phylogenetic position of the Paramicrolaimidae, description of a new Paramicrolaimus species and erection of a new order to accommodate the Microlaimoidea (Nematoda: Chromadorea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlx 072. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 072" type="book" year="2017">
|
|
Leduc
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FC3163FFC4FFB7FC07F876828DF80F" box="[945,1004,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and systematics reviews (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BE199080FFC4FFB7FF21F85580A1F864" author="Miljutin, D. M. & Miljutina, M. A." box="[151,448,1971,1996]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="537 - 558" refId="ref45305" refString="Miljutin, D. M. & Miljutina, M. A. (2016) Review of Acantholaimus Allgen, 1933 (Nematoda: Chromadoridae), a genus of marine free-living nematodes, with a tabular key to species. Nematology, 18, 537 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685411 - 00002976" type="journal article" year="2016">Miljutin & Miljutina 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) are urgently needed within this group.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |