treatments-xml/data/52/17/87/52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962.xml

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<mods:title id="B45977A0939C3401DCDC3D7A168F6F48">How many species of Sturisoma (Siluriformes: Loricariinae) inhabit the La Plata Basin?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB3C51781E13FA09D3A4343BDD7E506B">Cardoso, Yamila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90830540D8D872D5634C0407C05DFE18">Bogan, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D401E6A0CF261536A1F99E5F8A71EEFD">Fundación de Historia Natural “ Félix de Azara ”, Centro de Ciencias Naturales, Ambientales y Antropológicas, Universidad Maimónides; Hidalgo 775 piso 7, C 1405 BDB, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="369E70841AA82F31C859837724C2176F">Agnolin, Federico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD0A1077CEED9A843FD94A908242027D">Fundación de Historia Natural “ Félix de Azara ”, Centro de Ciencias Naturales, Ambientales y Antropológicas, Universidad Maimónides; Hidalgo 775 piso 7, C 1405 BDB, Buenos Aires, Argentina &amp; Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ” (CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo, 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0630ACEA34CDD316C679A2CD803A7F14">Petean, Flávia De Figueiredo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29F0C8AA193C404FDA1EB0ABAA4BCDDD">Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8,2 (B 7130 IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina &amp; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217222604" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED800FFB901DBC9D0FDE5FA1F" box="[151,562,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB901DBC9D0FDE5FA1F" blockId="6.[151,562,1410,1437]" box="[151,562,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<heading id="814981E9D800FFB901DBC9D0FDE5FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,562,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB901DBC9D0FDE5FA1F" ID-CoL="537VB" authority="(Kner, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,562,1410,1437]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB901DBC9D0FDE5FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,562,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB901DBC9D0FE58FA1E" bold="true" box="[151,399,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB900D3C9D1FDFDFA1F" author="Kner, R." box="[415,554,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB901DBC999FCA0FA66" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,887,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB901DBC999FE5FFA67" bold="true" box="[151,392,1482,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Original description</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB900D9C998FCDCFA66" ID-CoL="6QMDX" authority="Kner, 1853: 12" authorityName="Kner" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1853" box="[405,779,1482,1509]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbata">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB900D9C998FD88FA66" box="[405,607,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Loricaria barbata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB90328C998FCDCFA66" author="Kner, R." box="[612,779,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner, 1853: 12</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 23, pl. 5.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB90237C998FD64F98A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB90237C998FE72F98B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767306" collectionCode="NMW" country="Brazil" location="Rio Cuiaba" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="NMW 46155" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cujaba-Fluss" typeStatus="holotype">
Type locality: 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB90556C998FB4DFA66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB90556C998FB4DFA66" box="[1050,1178,1483,1509]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Cuiaba" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Cujaba-Fluss">Rio Cuiabá</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D800FFB905E9C998FAEEFA66" box="[1189,1337,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Cujaba-Fluss</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D800FFB90409C998FA45FA66" box="[1349,1426,1483,1509]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Brazil</collectingCountry>
]. 
<typeStatus id="05058827D800FFB901DBC9BCFED3F98A" box="[151,260,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90042C9BCFE72F98B" bold="true" box="[270,421,1518,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB90042C9BCFE72F98B" box="[270,421,1518,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">NMW 46155</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="42852A00D800FFB900F9C9BCFDE6F98A" box="[437,561,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 1 A–B</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D800FFB90324C9BCFD7DF98A" box="[616,682,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,813,837]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Loricaria barbata (NMW 46155) in three views. A, counting of left lateral plates; B: dorsal view; C: ventral view. Courtesy images of Naturhistorisches Museum Wien." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084892/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="92A4650ED800FFB9018BCA40FC8EF9AE" box="[199,857,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB9018BCA40FC8EF9AE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[199,857,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB9018BCA40FDBEF9AE" ID-CoL="4BFN8" authority="(Regan, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[199,617,1555,1581]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Oxyloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9018BCA40FE60F9AE" box="[199,439,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Oxyloricaria robusta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB90085CA40FDB6F9AE" author="Regan, C. T." box="[457,609,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="191 - 350" refId="ref11718" refString="Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (1), 191 - 350, pls. 9 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00040. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Regan, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 300, pl. 19 (fig. 1).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB9022FCA40FBF5F9D2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB9022FCA40FE8FF9D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767304" collectionCode="BMNH" location="Paraguay river" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="BMNH 1895.5.17.89" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
Type locality: 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB90547CA40FB62F9AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB90547CA40FB62F9AE" box="[1035,1205,1555,1581]" name="Paraguay river" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Paraguay river</location>
. 
<typeStatus id="05058827D800FFB9058FCA40FAE0F9AE" box="[1219,1335,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90409CA40FEFCF9D3" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB90409CA40FEFCF9D3" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">BMNH 1895.5.17.89</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB90011CA64FD3CF9D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767315" box="[349,747,1590,1617]" collectionCode="BMNH" location="Paraguay river" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="BMNH 1895.5.17.90" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="05058827D800FFB90011CA64FE22F9D2" box="[349,501,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB900B7CA64FD3CF9D3" bold="true" box="[507,747,1590,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB900B7CA64FD3CF9D3" box="[507,747,1590,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">BMNH 1895.5.17.90</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="42852A00D800FFB903B4CA64FC86F9D2" box="[760,849,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 1 C</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D800FFB902C8CA64FBCCF9D2" box="[900,1051,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,716,740]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[340,1247,181,692]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oxyloricaria robusta Regan, 1904: 300, pl. 19 (fig. 1). Type locality: Paraguay River. Left lateral views of A: Lectotype: BMNH 1895.5.17.89; B: Paralectotype: BMNH 1895.5.17.90 Lectotype; Paralectotype of O. robusta. C: S. robustum BMNH 1934.8.20.389–391. In this study, all are considered S. barbatum. Arrows indicate plates’ series and order number of each one." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084895/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Figure 3 A–B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED800FFB9056BCA64FB40F91A" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB9056BCA64FB40F91A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB9056BCA64FF0CF9F6" ID-CoL="537VR" authority="(Eigenmann, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1907" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9056BCA64FAD0F9D2" box="[1063,1287,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sturisoma robustum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB90458CA64FF04F9F6" author="Eigenmann, C. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="449 - 458" refId="ref9301" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1907) On a collection of fishes from Buenos Aires. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 8, 449 - 458, pls. 21 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21704" type="journal article" year="1907">Eigenmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB901A6CA08FD60F9F6" ID-CoL="537VR" authority="(Eigenmann, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[234,695,1627,1653]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB901A6CA08FE18F9F6" box="[234,463,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sturisoma robustum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB900ADCA08FD78F9F6" author="Eigenmann, C. H." box="[481,687,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" refId="ref9353" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1909) n. k. In: Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896 - 1899. Vol. III. Zo ˆ logy. Part III. The Fresh-water fishes of Patagonia and an examination of the Archiplata-Archhelenis Theory. The University, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 225 - 374, pls. 30 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15451" type="book" year="1909">Eigenmann, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB9038ACA08FB9CF9F6" ID-CoL="4BFN8" authority="Pozzi, 1945" authorityName="Pozzi" authorityYear="1945" box="[710,1099,1626,1653]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Oxyloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9038ACA08FC61F9F6" box="[710,950,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Oxyloricaria robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB9028CCA08FB9CF9F6" author="Pozzi, A. J." box="[960,1099,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="239 - 92" refId="ref11546" refString="Pozzi, A. J. (1945) Sistematica y distribucion de los peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. Gaea, 7 (2), 239 - 92." type="journal article" year="1945">Pozzi, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB90515CA08FF05F91A" authority="Pozzi, 1945" authorityName="Pozzi" authorityYear="1945" family="Loricariidae" genus="Oxyloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbata">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90515CA08FA9AF9F6" box="[1113,1357,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Oxyloricaria barbata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB9041BCA08FF05F91A" author="Pozzi, A. J." pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="239 - 92" refId="ref11546" refString="Pozzi, A. J. (1945) Sistematica y distribucion de los peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. Gaea, 7 (2), 239 - 92." type="journal article" year="1945">Pozzi, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB90191CA2CFD69F91A" ID-CoL="4BFN8" authority="(Aramburu et al., 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Aramburu" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[221,702,1663,1689]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90191CA2CFE7CF91A" box="[221,427,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sturisoma robusta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB900F5CA2CFD60F91A" author="Aramburu, A. S. A. &amp; Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Ringuelet, R. A." box="[441,695,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" pagination="219 - 222" refId="ref8125" refString="Aramburu, A. S. A., Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Ringuelet, R. A. (1962) Peces paranenses nuevos para la fauna argentina. Physis, Buenos Aires, 23 (65), 219 - 222." type="journal article" year="1962">
Arámburu 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90379CA2CFDA3F91A" box="[565,628,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">et al.,</emphasis>
1962
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D800FFB90386CA2CFB44F91A" ID-CoL="4BFN8" authority="Ringuelet et al., 1967" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1967" box="[714,1171,1663,1689]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90386CA2CFC4FF91A" box="[714,920,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sturisoma robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D800FFB902D2CA2CFB44F91A" author="Ringuelet, R. A. &amp; Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Aramburu, A. S. A." box="[926,1171,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" refId="ref11844" refString="Ringuelet, R. A., Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Aramburu, A. S. A. (1967) Los peces argentinos de agua dulce. Comision Cientifica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 602 pp." type="book" year="1967">
Ringuelet 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9055ECA2CFB94F91A" box="[1042,1091,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">et al</emphasis>
., 1967
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED800FFB8018BCAF1FB8BFDE2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DA013685D800FFB8018BCAF1FB8BFDE2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1482,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,150,1005]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9018BCAF1FE67F93F" bold="true" box="[199,432,1698,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Examined material</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="42852A00D800FFB9008FCAF0FDDCF93E" box="[451,523,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[393,1189,873,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-81@3.[393,1193,873,1705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map with individuals of Sturisoma reisi (squares, all coordinates localities were taken from Londoño- Burbano &amp; Britto (2022)) and S. barbatum (circles) used in this study. Red star indicates the type locality of S. barbatum. Black symbols indicate specimens with genetic data, white with morphological data, and grey with both data sources." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084897/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB9036FCAF1FE0BF886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767317" collectingDate="2015-10-16" collectorName="Yamila Cardoso &amp; Sergio Bogan &amp; Juan M. Meluso" country="Argentina" latitude="-22.22464" location="Santa Victoria" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.680264" municipality="Pilcomayo Basin" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA-IC-5103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Salta">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9036FCAF1FCC8F93F" bold="true" box="[547,799,1698,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D800FFB9036FCAF1FD04F93F" box="[547,723,1698,1724]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D800FFB903AECAF1FCC8F93F" box="[738,799,1698,1724]" country="Argentina" name="Salta" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Salta</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB9027CCAF1FC06F93F" bold="true" box="[816,977,1698,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB9027CCAF1FC06F93F" box="[816,977,1698,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-5103</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD800FFB9054BCAF0FB1BF93E" box="[1031,1228,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Pilcomayo Basin</collectingMunicipality>
, in 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB905B6CAF0FA4BF93E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB905B6CAF0FA4BF93E" box="[1274,1436,1699,1725]" country="Argentina" latitude="-22.22464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.680264" municipality="Pilcomayo Basin" name="Santa Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Salta">Santa Victoria</location>
close to 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD800FFB9004CCA94FE53F962" box="[256,388,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">La Merced</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB9009CCA94FD5BF962" box="[464,652,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Yamila Cardoso</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB903D2CA94FCE8F962" box="[670,831,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB902CACA94FB90F962" box="[902,1095,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Juan M. Meluso</collectorName>
(FHN-2416) 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB905A1CA94FA45F962" box="[1261,1426,1735,1761]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="28.70" value="-22.22464">22°13’28.70”S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB901DBCAB8FE9DF886" box="[151,330,1771,1797]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="48.94" value="-62.680264">62°40’48.94”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D800FFB90015CAB9FE0BF886" box="[345,476,1770,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2015-10-16">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD800FFB90015CAB9FE0BF886" box="[345,476,1770,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2015-10-16">16/10/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB900A7CAB9FDBBF8AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767324" collectorName="Yamila Cardoso &amp; Sergio Bogan &amp; Juan M. Meluso" location="Santa Maria" municipality="Pilcomayo Basin" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA-IC-5202" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB900A7CAB9FD5AF887" bold="true" box="[491,653,1770,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB900A7CAB9FD5AF887" box="[491,653,1770,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-5202</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD800FFB9038FCAB8FC51F886" box="[707,902,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Pilcomayo Basin</collectingMunicipality>
in 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB902FECAB8FB95F886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB902FECAB8FB95F886" box="[946,1090,1771,1797]" municipality="Pilcomayo Basin" name="Santa Maria" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Santa María</location>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB905C6CAB8FA93F886" box="[1162,1348,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Yamila Cardoso</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB90418CAB8FF34F8AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB90051CB5CFE05F8AA" box="[285,466,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Juan M. Meluso</collectorName>
(FHN-2379),
</materialsCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB9033FCB5CFCD3F8AA" box="[627,772,1807,1833]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="7.73" value="-22.13548">22° 8’7.73”S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB90258CB5DFC1DF8AA" box="[788,970,1806,1833]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="45.18" value="-62.81255">62°48’45.18”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="AE001045D800FFB90292CB5DFBB6F8AA" box="[990,1121,1806,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2015-10-16">16/10/2015</date>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB90520CB5DFCA9F8F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767325" collectingDate="2015-10-17" collectorName="Yamila Cardoso &amp; Sergio Bogan &amp; Juan M. Meluso" country="Argentina" latitude="-23.351748" location="Bermejo Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.0212" municipality="Ruta Provincial 15" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA-IC-5253" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB90520CB5DFADAF8AB" bold="true" box="[1132,1293,1806,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB90520CB5DFADAF8AB" box="[1132,1293,1806,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-5253</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(8) 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB90470CB5CFF00F8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB90470CB5CFF00F8CE" country="Argentina" latitude="-23.351748" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.0212" municipality="Ruta Provincial 15" name="Bermejo Basin" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Bermejo Basin</location>
in 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB9004DCB60FE02F8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB9004DCB60FE02F8CE" box="[257,469,1843,1869]" country="Argentina" latitude="-23.351748" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.0212" municipality="Ruta Provincial 15" name="La Canada Stream" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">La Cañada Stream</location>
and 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD800FFB9035ECB60FD3AF8CE" box="[530,749,1842,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Ruta Provincial 15</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB9027FCB60FC3AF8CE" box="[819,1005,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Yamila Cardoso</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB902B7CB60FB4DF8CE" box="[1019,1178,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB90596CB60FA4FF8CE" box="[1242,1432,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Juan M. Meluso</collectorName>
, (FHN-2583 a 2590), 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB900DCCB04FDFFF8F2" box="[400,552,1879,1905]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="6.29" value="-23.351748">23°21’6.29”S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB90370CB04FD3BF8F2" box="[572,748,1879,1905]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" seconds="16.32" value="-64.0212">64° 1’16.32”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D800FFB903B7CB05FCA9F8F2" box="[763,894,1878,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2015-10-17">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD800FFB903B7CB05FCA9F8F2" box="[763,894,1878,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2015-10-17">17/10/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB902C0CB04FD66F83A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767318" collectingDate="2011-11-25" collectorName="Y. Cardoso &amp; A. Paracampo &amp; C. Rivera &amp; J. Montoya-Burgos" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.200266" location="Paraguay Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-58.146267" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA-IC-3133" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Formosa">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB902C0CB04FB7CF8F3" bold="true" box="[908,1195,1878,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D800FFB902C0CB04FC2DF8F2" box="[908,1018,1879,1905]" country="Argentina" name="Formosa" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Formosa</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB90546CB05FB7CF8F3" box="[1034,1195,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-3133</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(2), 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB905A5CB04FA4BF8F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB905A5CB04FA4BF8F2" box="[1257,1436,1879,1905]" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.200266" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-58.146267" name="Paraguay Basin" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Formosa">Paraguay Basin</location>
in 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D800FFB901FBCB28FE83F816" box="[183,340,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Formosa City</collectingRegion>
. Localidad 9. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB9037DCB28FD64F816" box="[561,691,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Y. Cardoso</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB903F3CB28FCB4F816" box="[703,867,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">A. Paracampo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB9023DCB28FC08F816" box="[881,991,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">C. Rivera</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB90544CB28FB35F816" box="[1032,1250,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">J. Montoya-Burgos</collectorName>
(AR11-604 and 605) 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB9019ECBCCFEA6F83A" box="[210,369,1951,1977]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="12, 016" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" value="-26.200266">26° 12, 016’ S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB900CDCBCDFDF2F83A" box="[385,549,1950,1977]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="08,776" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" value="-58.146267">58° 08,776’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D800FFB9037CCBCDFD66F83A" box="[560,689,1950,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2011-11-25">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD800FFB9037CCBCDFD66F83A" box="[560,689,1950,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2011-11-25">25/11/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB903F1CBCDFA99F85E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767310" collectingDate="2011-11-22" collectingDateMax="2011-11-23" collectingDateMin="2011-11-22" collectorName="Y. Cardoso &amp; A. Paracampo &amp; C. Rivera &amp; J. Montoya-Burgos" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.33695" location="Bermejo Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.352833" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA-IC-3396" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB903F1CBCDFC89F83B" bold="true" box="[701,862,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB903F1CBCDFC89F83B" box="[701,862,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-3396</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(2) 
<location id="DF61605ED800FFB902C1CBCCFBE0F83A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED800FFB902C1CBCCFBE0F83A" box="[909,1079,1951,1977]" country="Argentina" latitude="-26.33695" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.352833" name="Bermejo Basin" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Bermejo Basin</location>
. Locality 7. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB905B4CBCCFAA0F83A" box="[1272,1399,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">Y. Cardoso</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB904CDCBCCFEC1F85E" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">A. Paracampo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB90068CB90FE45F85E" box="[292,402,1987,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">C. Rivera</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="774B5353D800FFB900F6CB90FD43F85E" box="[442,660,1987,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">J. Montoya-Burgos</collectorName>
(AR11-326), 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB90279CB90FC0CF85E" box="[821,987,1987,2013]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="20, 217" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" value="-26.33695">26° 20, 217’ S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D800FFB902A1CB91FB41F85E" box="[1005,1174,1986,2013]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="21,170" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" precision="1" value="-59.352833">59° 21,170’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D800FFB905EFCB90FA99F85E" box="[1187,1358,1987,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2011-11-22" valueMax="2011-11-23" valueMin="2011-11-22">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD800FFB905EFCB90FA99F85E" box="[1187,1358,1987,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" value="2011-11-22" valueMax="2011-11-23" valueMin="2011-11-22">22–23/11/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D800FFB80417CB91FC62FF56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767303" collectingDate="2016-05-19" collectionCode="CFA" collectorName="Sergio Bogan &amp; Juan M. Meluso" country="Argentina" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="522" latitude="-23.308817" location="Pilcomayo Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.842934" municipality="El Quebrachal" pageId="6" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CFA- IC-6380" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D800FFB80417CB91FF2FFF33" bold="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED800FFB80417CB91FF2FFF33" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="6" pageNumber="521">CFA-IC-6380</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8006ACCC4FE3FFF32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8006ACCC4FE3FFF32" box="[294,488,151,177]" country="Argentina" latitude="-23.308817" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.842934" municipality="El Quebrachal" name="Pilcomayo Basin" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Pilcomayo Basin</location>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB800BFCCC4FCC0FF32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB800BFCCC4FCC0FF32" box="[499,791,151,177]" country="Argentina" latitude="-23.308817" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.842934" municipality="El Quebrachal" name="Canal of Pilcomayo River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Canal of Pilcomayo River</location>
close to 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB80230CCC4FBF6FF32" box="[892,1057,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">El Quebrachal</collectingMunicipality>
. Punto 24. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80598CCC4FABAFF32" box="[1236,1389,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB801DBCCE8FE98FF56" box="[151,335,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Juan M. Meluso</collectorName>
, (FHN-3318), 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB800BFCCE9FDA8FF56" box="[499,639,186,213]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="18,529" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-23.308817">23°18,529´S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB803C3CCE9FCF0FF56" box="[655,807,186,213]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="50,576" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-61.842934">61°50,576´W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB8027ECCE9FC62FF56" box="[818,949,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2016-05-19">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB8027ECCE9FC62FF56" box="[818,949,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2016-05-19">19/05/2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB802F3CCE9FD88FE9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767321" collectingDate="2016-05-19" collectorName="Sergio Bogan &amp; Juan M. Meluso" country="Argentina" county="Pilcomayo Basin" latitude="-23.319916" location="Pilcomayo Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.8353" municipality="El Quebrachal" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="CFA-IC-6381" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB802F3CCE9FBB6FF57" bold="true" box="[959,1121,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB802F3CCE9FBB6FF57" box="[959,1121,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">CFA-IC-6381</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB805C3CCE8FA87FF56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB805C3CCE8FA87FF56" box="[1167,1360,187,213]" country="Argentina" county="Pilcomayo Basin" latitude="-23.319916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.8353" municipality="El Quebrachal" name="Pilcomayo Basin" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Pilcomayo Basin</location>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80417CCE8FE75FF7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80417CCE8FE75FF7A" country="Argentina" county="Pilcomayo Basin" latitude="-23.319916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.8353" municipality="El Quebrachal" name="Canal of the Pilcomayo River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Canal of the Pilcomayo River</location>
close to 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB80341CC8CFD62FF7A" box="[525,693,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">El Quebrachal</collectingMunicipality>
. Punto 23. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB8023CCC8CFBDCFF7A" box="[880,1035,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB8050ACC8CFAD7FF7A" box="[1094,1280,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Juan M. Meluso</collectorName>
(FHN-3298), 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB801DBCD51FEF4FE9E" box="[151,291,258,285]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="19,195" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-23.319916">23°19,195´S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB8007BCD51FE1AFE9E" box="[311,461,258,285]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="50,118" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-61.8353">61°50,118´W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB80090CD51FD88FE9E" box="[476,607,258,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2016-05-19">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB80090CD51FD88FE9E" box="[476,607,258,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2016-05-19">19/05/2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80322CD51FBA2FEC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767322" collectingDate="2006-08-25" collectorName="A. Paracampo &amp; D. Barrasso" country="Argentina" latitude="-25.140112" location="Pilcomayo Basin" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="-61.951946" municipality="Banado La Estrella" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="CFA-IC-8731" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80322CD51FCC7FE9F" bold="true" box="[622,784,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80322CD51FCC7FE9F" box="[622,784,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">CFA-IC-8731</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80209CD50FBDCFE9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80209CD50FBDCFE9E" box="[837,1035,259,285]" country="Argentina" latitude="-25.140112" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="-61.951946" municipality="Banado La Estrella" name="Pilcomayo Basin" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Pilcomayo Basin</location>
, en cruce Canal, up to 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB80453CD50FF27FEC2" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Bañado La Estrella</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB8007DCD74FE07FEC2" box="[305,464,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">A. Paracampo</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80344CD74FD47FEC2" box="[520,656,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">D. Barrasso</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB803D0CD75FCEAFEC2" box="[668,829,294,321]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="24,4" value="-25.140112">25° 8’ 24,4’’ S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB80202CD74FC31FEC2" box="[846,998,294,321]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-61.951946">61° 57’ 7’’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB802BECD75FBA2FEC2" box="[1010,1141,294,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2006-08-25">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB802BECD75FBA2FEC2" box="[1010,1141,294,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="2006-08-25">25/08/2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB805CCCD75FAE7FEE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767302" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Sergio Bogan" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" location="Parana Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="CFA-IC-6268" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB805CCCD75FA4BFEC3" bold="true" box="[1152,1436,294,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D801FFB805CCCD75FB3AFEC2" box="[1152,1261,294,321]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB805B7CD75FA4BFEC3" box="[1275,1436,294,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">CFA-IC-6268</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8018FCD18FE8AFEE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8018FCD18FE8AFEE6" box="[195,349,331,357]" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" name="Parana Basin" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Santa Fe">Paraná Basin</location>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80020CD18FDF6FEE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80020CD18FDF6FEE6" box="[364,545,331,357]" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" name="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Santa Fe">Colastine River</location>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80326CD18FCDDFEE6" box="[618,778,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Sergio Bogan</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB80255CD18FC67FEE6" box="[793,944,331,357]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="39.686" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-31.661434">31° 39.686’S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="BF8A5042D801FFB80288CD18FBBFFEE6" box="[964,1128,330,357]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="35.767" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" precision="1" value="-60.596115">60° 35.767’W</geoCoordinate>
, agosto de 2007;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80470CD19FDE6FE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767305" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Col. Sergio Bogan &amp; Col. C. Vidal" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" location="Colastine River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MACN- IC-7739" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80470CD19FF2FFE0B" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80470CD19FF2FFE0B" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MACN-IC-7739</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1), 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8007DCD3CFE33FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8007DCD3CFE33FE0A" box="[305,484,367,393]" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" name="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Santa Fe">Colastiné River</location>
, 1993;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80376CD3DFC73FE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767316" box="[570,932,366,393]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Col. Sergio Bogan &amp; Col. C. Vidal" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" location="Colastine River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-9632" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80376CD3DFD6DFE0B" bold="true" box="[570,698,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80376CD3DFD6DFE0B" box="[570,698,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-9632</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(4) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB803A0CD3CFC76FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB803A0CD3CFC76FE0A" box="[748,929,367,393]" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Colastine River" name="Colastine River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Santa Fe">Colastiné River</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB802E1CD3CFE92FE2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767314" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. Peruso" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" location="Coronda River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Dto Capital" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-9631" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB802E1CD3CFBFEFE0A" box="[941,1065,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-9631</specimenCode>
(2) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80517CD3CFAD3FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80517CD3CFAD3FE0A" box="[1115,1284,367,393]" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Dto Capital" name="Coronda River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Santa Fe">Coronda River</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB8045DCD3CFA4EFE0A" box="[1297,1433,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Dto Capital</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80183CDC0FE96FE2E" box="[207,321,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">R. Peruso</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80001CDC1FC92FE2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767311" box="[333,837,402,429]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="C. Vidal" country="Argentina" county="Parana Basin" latitude="-31.661434" location="Rosario" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.596115" municipality="Rosario" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-9180" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80001CDC1FE1AFE2F" bold="true" box="[333,461,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80001CDC1FE1AFE2F" box="[333,461,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-9180</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB800B2CDC0FD8EFE2E" box="[510,601,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Rosario</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB803D1CDC0FD2AFE2E" box="[669,765,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">C. Vidal</collectorName>
, 1960
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB8021DCDC0FD75FE52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767309" collectingDate="1927-07-27" collectorName="J. O. Fernandez Santos" country="Argentina" location="Parana River" municipality="Corza Cue" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MACN-IC-7282" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Corrientes">
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D801FFB8021DCDC0FC1DFE2E" box="[849,970,403,429]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
: 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8029ACDC1FB40FE2F" bold="true" box="[982,1175,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB8029ACDC1FB40FE2F" box="[982,1175,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MACN-IC-7282</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB80584CDC0FA93FE2E" box="[1224,1348,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Corza Cué</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8041CCDC0FF00FE52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8041CCDC0FF00FE52" country="Argentina" municipality="Corza Cue" name="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Corrientes">Paraná River</location>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80054CDE4FDC3FE52" box="[280,532,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">J.O. Fernández Santos</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB80353CDE4FD75FE52" box="[543,674,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1927-07-27">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB80353CDE4FD75FE52" box="[543,674,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1927-07-27">27/07/1927</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB803E1CDE5FEA3FE76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767319" collectingDate="1927-07-20" collectorName="J. O. Fernandez Santos" country="Argentina" location="Parana River" municipality="Corza Cue" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MACN-IC-7282" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB803E1CDE5FCB9FE53" bold="true" box="[685,878,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB803E1CDE5FCB9FE53" box="[685,878,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MACN-IC-7282</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(7) 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB802D0CDE4FBC1FE52" box="[924,1046,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Corza Cué</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8056CCDE4FB64FE52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8056CCDE4FB64FE52" box="[1056,1203,439,465]" country="Argentina" municipality="Corza Cue" name="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Paraná River</location>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB805B8CDE4FF33FE76" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">J.O. Fernández Santos</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB801BDCD88FEA3FE76" box="[241,372,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1927-07-20">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB801BDCD88FEA3FE76" box="[241,372,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1927-07-20">20/07/1927</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB800CCCD89FAC7FE76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767323" box="[384,1296,474,501]" collectingDate="1966-12-02" collectionCode="MLP" collectorName="M. Galvan" country="Argentina" location="Laguna Grande" municipality="Resistencia" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-8088" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chaco">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB800CCCD89FD89FE77" bold="true" box="[384,606,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D801FFB800CCCD89FE07FE77" box="[384,464,474,500]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Chaco</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80092CD89FD89FE77" box="[478,606,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-8088</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB803C2CD88FC97FE76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB803C2CD88FC97FE76" box="[654,832,475,501]" country="Argentina" municipality="Resistencia" name="Laguna Grande" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Chaco">Laguna Grande</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB80200CD88FC18FE76" box="[844,975,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Resistencia</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB8055FCD88FB58FE76" box="[1043,1167,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">M. Galvan</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB805D7CD88FAC7FE76" box="[1179,1296,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1966-12-02">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB805D7CD88FAC7FE76" box="[1179,1296,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1966-12-02">2/12/1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80451CD89FC55FD9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767301" collectingDate="1966-12-12" collectionCode="MLP" collectorName="M. Galvan" country="Argentina" location="Rio Negro" municipality="Resistencia" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-8105" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80451CD89FA4BFE77" bold="true" box="[1309,1436,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80451CD89FA4BFE77" box="[1309,1436,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-8105</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(2) Balneario 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB8007ECDACFE7CFD9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB8007ECDACFE7CFD9A" box="[306,427,511,537]" country="Argentina" municipality="Resistencia" name="Rio Negro" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Rio Negro</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="3A65ACFFD801FFB800FACDACFDEEFD9A" box="[438,569,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Resistencia</collectingMunicipality>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80336CDACFD23FD9A" box="[634,756,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">M. Galvan</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB803B3CDACFC55FD9A" box="[767,898,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1966-12-12">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB803B3CDACFC55FD9A" box="[767,898,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1966-12-12">12/12/1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB802C1CDADFB03FD9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767307" box="[909,1236,510,537]" collectionCode="MLP" country="Argentina" location="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MLP-8969" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB802C1CDADFBDAFD9B" bold="true" box="[909,1037,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB802C1CDADFBDAFD9B" box="[909,1037,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MLP-8969</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1) 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80577CDACFB07FD9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80577CDACFB07FD9A" box="[1083,1232,511,537]" country="Argentina" name="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Paraná River</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB80597CDADFF6FFDBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767308" country="Argentina" location="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MACN-IC-7282" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80597CDADFA4BFD9B" bold="true" box="[1243,1436,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80597CDADFA4BFD9B" box="[1243,1436,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MACN-IC-7282</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(1)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB801F1CE71FE41FDBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767312" box="[189,406,546,573]" country="Argentina" location="Parana River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="MACN-IC-677" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB801F1CE71FEA7FDBF" bold="true" box="[189,368,546,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB801F1CE71FEA7FDBF" box="[189,368,546,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">MACN-IC-677</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(4)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB800D7CE70FB40FDBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767313" box="[411,1175,547,573]" collectingDate="1929-09" collectorName="Zotta &amp; Migoya &amp; Palavecino" country="Argentina" location="Paraguay River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Asuncion">
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB800D7CE70FD9EFDBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB800D7CE70FD9EFDBE" box="[411,585,547,573]" country="Argentina" name="Paraguay River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Asuncion">Paraguay River</location>
. Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB803CACE70FD13FDBE" box="[646,708,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Zotta</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80382CE70FCF2FDBE" box="[718,805,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Migoya</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80214CE70FC01FDBE" box="[856,982,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Palavecino</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AE001045D801FFB80293CE70FB40FDBE" box="[991,1175,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1929-09">
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB80293CE70FB40FDBE" box="[991,1175,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1929-09">September 1929</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="6AD63CD8D801FFB805EDCE71FB8BFDE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4434767320" collectingDate="1934" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Dr G. B. Schouten" country="Paraguay" location="Paraguay River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="BMNH 1934.8.20.389-391" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Asuncion">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB805EDCE71FA94FDBF" bold="true" box="[1185,1347,546,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D801FFB805EDCE71FAE8FDBF" box="[1185,1343,546,572]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="8A189EFED801FFB80404CE70FEB9FDE2" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">BMNH 1934.8.20.389-391</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="DF61605ED801FFB80036CE14FDFEFDE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52178793D800FFB401DBC9D0FBC2F962:DF61605ED801FFB80036CE14FDFEFDE2" box="[378,553,583,609]" country="Paraguay" name="Paraguay River" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Asuncion">Paraguay River</location>
, close to 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D801FFB803DCCE14FD29FDE2" box="[656,766,583,609]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Asunción</collectingRegion>
, Col. 
<collectorName id="774B5353D801FFB80273CE14FBC5FDE2" box="[831,1042,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Dr G. B. Schouten</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="BE44E9ADD801FFB80551CE14FB8FFDE2" box="[1053,1112,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<date id="AE001045D801FFB80551CE14FB8FFDE2" box="[1053,1112,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" value="1934">1934</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED801FFB8018BCE38FAFEFC6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB8018BCE38FAFEFC6E" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8018BCE38FE6EFD07" bold="true" box="[199,441,618,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB8008FCE38FD7BFD06" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[451,684,619,645]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8008FCE38FD7BFD06" box="[451,684,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: 32–33 median plates and a supracaudal plate; first 17–19 (most frequently 17) mid-series plates (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB805C9CEDCFB74FD2B" box="[1157,1187,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="1D469B60D801FFB805E6CEDCFADAFD2A" box="[1194,1293,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="21.0">21–22 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB8045FCEDCFA4BFD2B" baseAuthorityName="Spix &amp; Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[1299,1436,655,681]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8045FCEDCFA4BFD2B" box="[1299,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80184CEE0FE8CFD4E" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1914" box="[200,347,691,717]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monopelte">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80184CEE0FE8CFD4E" box="[200,347,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. monopelte</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 14–15 plates with fused keels (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8039BCEE0FD39FD4F" box="[727,750,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="1D469B60D801FFB803B1CEE0FCB5FD4E" box="[765,866,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16–17 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80226CEE0FBD6FD4F" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[874,1025,691,717]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuirostre">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80226CEE0FBD6FD4F" box="[874,1025,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. tenuirostre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 18–19 ventromedial lateral plates; seven to nine lateral abdominal plates; anteriormost abdominal plates, just posterior to the lower lip, square, not enlarged, smaller than anterior abdominal plates (shared with 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80201CEA8FC6FFC97" box="[845,952,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80201CEA8FC4DFC97" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[845,922,763,789]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">S. reisi</taxonomicName>
vs
</emphasis>
. rectangular, enlarged, longer than anterior abdominal plates); absence of ventral (see 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D801FFB8033ACF4CFCD1FCBA" author="Ghazzi, M. S." box="[630,774,798,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" pagination="559 - 565" refId="ref9602" refString="Ghazzi, M. S. (2005) Sturisoma kneri, new species, a name for an old yet poorly-known catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Copeia, 2005 (3), 559 - 565. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 04 - 232 R 1" type="journal article" year="2005">Ghazzi 2005</bibRefCitation>
) process in the sphenotic (shared with 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB805F7CF4CFA86FCBB" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1211,1361,799,825]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuirostre">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB805F7CF4CFA86FCBB" box="[1211,1361,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. tenuirostre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB804CBCF4CFED8FCDF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB804CBCF4CFF3CFCDE" authorityName="Londoño-Burbano" authorityYear="2018" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graffini">S. graffini</taxonomicName>
vs.
</emphasis>
well-developed process in 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80376CF10FB20FCDE" box="[570,1271,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80376CF10FD15FCDE" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[570,706,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">S. guentheri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80380CF10FCA0FCDF" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1940" box="[716,887,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrirostrum">S. nigrirostrum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB802CCCF10FBC5FCDE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1914" box="[896,1042,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monopelte">S. monopelte</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80550CF10FB71FCDF" baseAuthorityName="Spix &amp; Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[1052,1190,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostratum">S. rostratum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB805E3CF10FB20FCDE" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1199,1271,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyra">S. lyra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); premaxillary teeth subequal or smaller than dentary teeth (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB803DACF34FD7AFC03" box="[662,685,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">vs</emphasis>
. premaxillary teeth larger in 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB802B4CF34FBBEFC02" authorityName="Londoño-Burbano" authorityYear="2018" box="[1016,1129,871,897]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graffini">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB802B4CF34FBBEFC02" box="[1016,1129,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. graffini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); frontal bone contributing less than half the length of the dorsal margin of the orbital crest (shared with 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB802BECFD8FBB5FC26" authorityName="Londoño-Burbano" authorityYear="2018" box="[1010,1122,907,933]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graffini">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB802BECFD8FBB5FC26" box="[1010,1122,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. graffini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB805D4CFD8FAC8FC26" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1176,1311,907,933]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB805D4CFD8FAC8FC26" box="[1176,1311,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80461CFD8FA9CFC27" box="[1325,1355,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">vs.</emphasis>
frontal more than half the length of the dorsal margin of the orbital crest in remaining species); presence of dark spot in the first three radii of the pectoral and the first two radii of the anal fins (shared with 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB8056ACF80FB41FC6E" authorityName="Londoño-Burbano" authorityYear="2018" box="[1062,1174,979,1005]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graffini">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB8056ACF80FB41FC6E" box="[1062,1174,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. graffini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D801FFB80580CF80FACEFC6F" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[1228,1305,979,1005]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB80580CF80FACEFC6F" box="[1228,1305,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED801FFB701DBC86DFF37F91D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" type="description">
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB801DBC86DFEFFFBDB" blockId="7.[151,296,1086,1112]" box="[151,296,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
<heading id="814981E9D801FFB801DBC86DFEFFFBDB" bold="true" box="[151,296,1086,1112]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="522" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D801FFB801DBC86DFEFFFBDB" bold="true" box="[151,296,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB801DBC8D4FBDCFA1E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
Long, narrow body, completely covered by dermal plates (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D801FFB8027DC8D4FCA0FB22" box="[817,887,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anatomical and pigmentation details of Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-5103): A: dorsal view; and B: ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Greatest height of body at origin of dorsal fin. Depressed caudal peduncle. Ventral margin in lateral view flat to slightly convex at beginning of caudal section. Subtriangular head with broad, rounded snout. 32–33 median plates (17–19 without fused keels, remaining 15 with fused keels) and supracaudal long, triangular, and extending over median rays of caudal fin. Seven to nine (median eight) lateral abdominal plates angulated between last ray of pectoral fin and origin of pelvic fin. Anteriormost abdominal plates, just posterior to lower lip, square, not enlarged, smaller than anterior abdominal plates. Three central series of relatively large abdominal plates, quadrangular to subcircular in contour, arranged in well-defined rows. Preanal plate bordered anteriorly by three well-developed plates (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D801FFB802F5C9D0FC2AFA1E" box="[953,1021,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anatomical and pigmentation details of Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-5103): A: dorsal view; and B: ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB8018BC9F4FB7EF9F6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
Orbit subcircular without postorbital notch. Sphenotic without lateral process. Nostrils positioned dorsally and located in groove, their anterior part forms a tubule of skin that projects dorsally and whose posterior edge is higher, forming a small shelf of skin. Surface of the lip covered by round papillae. Corner with a small maxillary barbel, which generally does not exceed the diameter of the orbit. Slender, bifid teeth, 30–38 (mean 36) in the premaxilla, 27–33 (mean 29) in the dentary, visibly curved cusps, larger lateral cusp, and slightly rounded margins. The teeth of the premaxilla and dentary of the same size. The largest symphyseal teeth in dentary (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D801FFB8051BCA08FB4CF9F6" box="[1111,1179,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[340,1247,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anatomical and pigmentation details of Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-5103): A: dorsal view; and B: ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084901/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB8018BCA2CFBFDF8CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
Origin of dorsal fin at the same level or slightly anterior of pelvic origin fin. Dorsal fin with seven branched rays, and a relatively long and thin spine that continues into a rather short filamentPectoral fins with narrow and long first ray as filament (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D801FFB800F0CA94FDC5F962" box="[444,530,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-3396): A: dorsal view and B: detail of pectoral spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) and six branched, gently curved rays. Pectoral fin reaches or exceeds the origin of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin long, with first ray longest, and widely extending beyond the origin of anal fin, has an unbranched first ray followed by five branched rays. Caudal fin forked, with concave posterior edge and both upper and lower lobes continuous in long and delicate filaments, with 12 branched rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D801FFB8018BCB04FBF6F816" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">
Ventrally, pale yellow to orange body, especially on the abdomen. In some specimens, abdomen shows faded dark spots. Ventral surface of snout with conspicuous dark pigmentation (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D801FFB80283CB28FBC4F816" box="[975,1043,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[367,1220,1142,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-376@5.[354,1233,1137,1867]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. A: Phylogenetic analyses based on COI marker. Bootstrap and posterior probabilities support displayed close to branches. B: Delimitation methods results shown with vertical black bars. C: Haplotypes network is colored according to the species determination as in the tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="522">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8EC1660DD80EFFB701D4C871FF19FBDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084901/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" startId="8.[152,255,1058,1082]" targetBox="[340,1247,181,1033]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DA013685D80EFFB701D4C871FF19FBDD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1058,1118]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB701D4C871FECBFBB9" bold="true" box="[152,284,1058,1082]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Anatomical and pigmentation details of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80EFFB70383C870FC75FBB9" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[719,930,1058,1082]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB70383C870FC75FBB9" box="[719,930,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CFA-IC-5103): A: dorsal view; and B: ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80EFFB7018BC8E3FDBDFA45" blockId="8.[151,1436,1200,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
Dorsal and pectoral fins with light brown membranes, irregular brown spots on the membrane covering spine and first branched rays; other rays may also have light brown spots. Pelvic and anal rays with light-toned membranes and brown spots or bands in first rays. Caudal fin with dark band onto the upper and lower external rays, interrupted by light spots (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB700E4C94FFD40FAB4" author="Almiron, A. E. &amp; Casciotta, J. R. &amp; Ciotek, L. &amp; Giorgis, P." box="[424,663,1308,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref8081" refString="Almiron, A. E., Casciotta, J. R., Ciotek, L. &amp; Giorgis, P. (2015) Guia de los peces del Parque Nacional Pre-Delta. Editorial APN, Buenos Aires, 299 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Almirón 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB7035DC94EFD93FAB5" box="[529,580,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB703E9C94FFC34FAB5" author="Monasterio de Gonzo, G." box="[677,995,1308,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref11321" refString="Monasterio de Gonzo, G. (2003) Peces de los rios Bermejo, Juramento y Cuencas Endorreicas de la Provincia de Salta. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo de Investigacion, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, 243 pp." type="book" year="2003">Monasterio de Gonzo 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The fixed specimens have a variable background color between yellowish, ocher, and brown, depending on state of conservation. Back is generally darker. Dorsolateral strip in some cases well-defined and in others diffuse. Caudal peduncle with the interruption of the dorsolateral dark stripes noted in posterior end of the keels. Compound pterotic, a high concentration of melanophores. The opercular area lighter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80EFFB7018BC983FF37F91D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1200,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
Sexual dimorphism. Males with well-developed, long, slender odontodes that project backward along sides of head; longest odontode just anterior to cleithrum (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80EFFB703A6C9A7FCFAF98C" box="[746,813,1524,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[340,1247,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Details of Sturisoma barbatum mature males registered in Argentina. A: lateral view of specimen CFA-IC-3396, Bermejo River basin, in Formosa: B–C: CFA-IC-6380, Pilcomayo River basin, Formosa, in B: lateral view; and C: dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80EFFB70229C9A7FCA2F98D" box="[869,885,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-3396): A: dorsal view and B: detail of pectoral spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">8</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB702C7C9A6FB96F98D" author="Kner, R." box="[907,1089,1524,1551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner (1853: 24)</bibRefCitation>
described this as a thick beard with whitish bristles of unequal length curved backward; these bristles sink inserted into odontode sheats that do not reach below the lateral edge of the head. Pectoral spines also with hypertrophied odontodes shorter than those of head (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80EFFB70196CA33FECAF9F9" box="[218,285,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[340,1247,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sturisoma barbatum (CFA-IC-3396): A: dorsal view and B: detail of pectoral spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Males with greater development of odontodes that form median keels, especially notable in coalescing plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED80EFFB701DBCAA3FC2BF861" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DA013685D80EFFB701DBCAA3FEE7F889" blockId="8.[151,304,1776,1802]" box="[151,304,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
<heading id="814981E9D80EFFB701DBCAA3FEE7F889" bold="true" box="[151,304,1776,1802]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB701DBCAA3FEE7F889" bold="true" box="[151,304,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80EFFB701DBCB6AFC2BF861" blockId="8.[151,1437,1848,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80EFFB701DBCB6AFEAAF8D1" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,381,1848,1875]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB701DBCB6AFEAAF8D1" box="[151,381,1848,1875]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed in the 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB7032FCB6AFD1CF8D0" box="[611,715,1849,1875]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
River Basin in 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB70230CB6BFC14F8D1" box="[892,963,1848,1874]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, the 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB702B4CB6BFB3BF8D0" box="[1016,1260,1848,1875]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Republic of Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB7046ACB6BFA4EF8D1" box="[1318,1433,1848,1874]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. Particularly, in 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB7000ECB0FFE63F8F5" box="[322,436,1884,1910]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, it occurs in the Pilcomayo, Bermejo, and 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80EFFB702DFCB0EFC2CF8F4" box="[915,1019,1885,1911]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
basins in Salta, Formosa, and Chaco provinces (also see 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB7003ACBD3FE2BF818" author="Liotta, J." box="[374,508,1920,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref10607" refString="Liotta, J. (2005) Distribucion geografica de los peces de aguas continentales de la Republica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 653, pp." type="book" year="2005">Liotta 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB70345CBD3FC94F819" author="Monasterio de Gonzo, G." box="[521,835,1920,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref11321" refString="Monasterio de Gonzo, G. (2003) Peces de los rios Bermejo, Juramento y Cuencas Endorreicas de la Provincia de Salta. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo de Investigacion, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, 243 pp." type="book" year="2003">Monasterio de Gonzo 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In the Middle and Lower Paraná River, this species was recorded from 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D80EFFB70027CBF7FE02F83D" box="[363,469,1956,1982]" country="Paraguay" name="Misiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">Misiones</collectingRegion>
, Corrientes, Entre Ríos (
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB703ADCBF7FC11F83C" author="Almiron, A. E. &amp; Casciotta, J. R. &amp; Ciotek, L. &amp; Giorgis, P." box="[737,966,1956,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref8081" refString="Almiron, A. E., Casciotta, J. R., Ciotek, L. &amp; Giorgis, P. (2015) Guia de los peces del Parque Nacional Pre-Delta. Editorial APN, Buenos Aires, 299 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Almirón 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB70204CBF6FCA0F83D" box="[840,887,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), and Santa Fe provinces. Its southernmost occurrence was published by 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80EFFB700AECB9BFD37F861" author="Ringuelet, R. A. &amp; Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Aramburu, A. S. A." box="[482,736,1992,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="523" refId="ref11844" refString="Ringuelet, R. A., Aramburu, R. H. &amp; Aramburu, A. S. A. (1967) Los peces argentinos de agua dulce. Comision Cientifica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 602 pp." type="book" year="1967">
Ringuelet 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80EFFB7031ACB9AFD58F861" box="[598,655,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
(1967)
</bibRefCitation>
from the city of Rosario.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8EC1660DD80FFFB601D4C90BFF19FA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084903/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" startId="9.[152,255,1368,1392]" targetBox="[340,1247,181,1345]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DA013685D80FFFB601D4C90BFF19FA3B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1368,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB601D4C90BFECEFAF2" bold="true" box="[152,281,1368,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Details of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80FFFB600C7C90AFD8BFAF3" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[395,604,1368,1392]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB600C7C90AFD8BFAF3" box="[395,604,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature males registered in Argentina. A: lateral view of specimen CFA-IC-3396, Bermejo River basin, in Formosa: B–C: CFA-IC-6380, Pilcomayo River basin, Formosa, in B: lateral view; and C: dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="92A4650ED80FFFB401DBCA59FBC2F962" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DA013685D80FFFB601DBCA59FECCF9A7" blockId="9.[151,283,1546,1572]" box="[151,283,1546,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
<heading id="814981E9D80FFFB601DBCA59FECCF9A7" bold="true" box="[151,283,1546,1572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB601DBCA59FECCF9A7" bold="true" box="[151,283,1546,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80FFFB601DBCA00FD96F912" blockId="9.[151,1436,1619,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
As follows, we checked all previously conducted studies, specimens used, and taxonomic decisions taken throughout the taxonomic history of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80FFFB600FDCA24FDEDF912" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[433,570,1655,1681]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB600FDCA24FDEDF912" box="[433,570,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80FFFB6018BCAC8FEB6F855" blockId="9.[151,1436,1619,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80FFFB6034DCAC8FCC8F935" authority="Kner (1853)" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[513,799,1691,1718]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB6034DCAC8FD5CF936" box="[513,651,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">S. barbatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80FFFB603D8CAC8FCC8F935" author="Kner, R." box="[660,799,1691,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner (1853)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was based on a single male specimen of 
<quantity id="1D469B60D80FFFB605B0CAC8FA8AF936" box="[1276,1373,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="244.0">244 mm</quantity>
, with highly developed odontodes on the sides of the head (also noticeable on the pectoral spines), traits that were included in the diagnosis (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80FFFB60017CAB0FE1FF97E" box="[347,456,1763,1789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionStartId-1="2.[152,255,813,837]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetId-0="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@2.[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Loricaria barbata (NMW 46155) in three views. A, counting of left lateral plates; B: dorsal view; C: ventral view. Courtesy images of Naturhistorisches Museum Wien." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084892" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10084892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). The description has morphological features that Kner used to distinguish between 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80FFFB604CBCAB0FED3F8A2" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB604CBCAB0FED3F8A2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80FFFB60071CB54FE1FF8A2" baseAuthorityName="Spix &amp; Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[317,456,1799,1825]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80FFFB60071CB54FE1FF8A2" box="[317,456,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">S. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80FFFB6009BCB54FD59F8A2" author="Kner, R." box="[471,654,1799,1826]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner (1853: 23)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that these two species share many features of the plates of the lateral series: “both lateral keels acute, finely serrated, especially towards the tail where the last 13 merge and form a lateral edge of simple appearance”. Unfortunately, Kner only described the number of the coalescent plates, leaving out the last plates of the median series that are located at the base of the caudal peduncle (see 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80FFFB605B5CB20FAEEF80E" box="[1273,1337,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Kner’s description included illustrations in lateral and dorsal views and a detail of the anteroventral region of the body (
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80FFFB601D3CBE8FECBF855" author="Kner, R." box="[159,284,1979,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner 1853</bibRefCitation>
:pl. 5).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8EC1660DD80CFFB501D4C875FBA6FBBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084905" box="[152,1137,1062,1086]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084905/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" startId="10.[152,255,1062,1086]" targetBox="[340,1247,181,1037]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DA013685D80CFFB501D4C875FBA6FBBD" blockId="10.[152,1137,1062,1086]" box="[152,1137,1062,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB501D4C875FECFFBBD" bold="true" box="[152,280,1062,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50053C875FE38FBBD" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[287,495,1062,1086]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50053C875FE38FBBD" box="[287,495,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Sturisoma barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CFA-IC-3396): A: dorsal view and B: detail of pectoral spine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80CFFB5018BC8C2FD0EF8D5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1168,2023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB50041C8C2FE74FB29" author="Regan, C. T." box="[269,419,1168,1195]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="191 - 350" refId="ref11718" refString="Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (1), 191 - 350, pls. 9 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00040. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Regan (1904)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB5035BC8C2FD4DFB29" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[535,666,1168,1195]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB5035BC8C2FD4DFB29" box="[535,666,1168,1195]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and compared it in detail with 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB502A9C8C2FBBBFB29" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[997,1132,1168,1195]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB502A9C8C2FBBBFB29" box="[997,1132,1168,1195]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.We are not certain if Regan was able to examine the type-material of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50310C8E6FD33FB4D" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[604,740,1204,1231]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50310C8E6FD33FB4D" box="[604,740,1204,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMW 46155), but the data suggests that he based many of his comparisons only on the artwork provided by Kner. Kner figures are artistically very thorough and allow us to clearly recognize the features that diagnose 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50367C8AEFD4AFA94" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" box="[555,669,1277,1303]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50367C8AEFD4AFA94" box="[555,669,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Sturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, when Kner’s illustrations are compared to the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80CFFB50451C8AFFAA8FA95" box="[1309,1407,1276,1302]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB501DBC972FEF7FAB9" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,288,1312,1339]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB501DBC972FEF7FAB9" box="[151,288,1312,1339]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMW 46155), some inconsistencies may be noted: (i) the first two plates of the median lateral series were not delimited (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80CFFB50034C917FE39FADD" box="[376,494,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,813,837]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Loricaria barbata (NMW 46155) in three views. A, counting of left lateral plates; B: dorsal view; C: ventral view. Courtesy images of Naturhistorisches Museum Wien." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084892/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
). Thus, if we count those first two plates in the illustration, the total number may be regarded as 34 (not including the supracaudal plate), however, a different number is seen on the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80CFFB505FDC93BFAC4FA01" box="[1201,1299,1384,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at hand (32) (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80CFFB501D3C9DFFECDFA25" box="[159,282,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
). (ii) In the figure by Kner, the keels of the middle and lower series merge on plate 16 to continue into a single keel, while in the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80CFFB500EBC9E3FDDEFA49" box="[423,521,1456,1482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
this fusion is on plate 18 (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80CFFB50263C9E3FC78FA49" box="[815,943,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1 A–B</figureCitation>
). (iii) In the figures, the dorsal fin originates before the ventral fins, whereas in the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80CFFB50372C987FD77FA6D" box="[574,672,1492,1518]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
the origin of the dorsal fin is just above the ventral fins (
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80CFFB5045DC987FA46FA6D" box="[1297,1425,1492,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-348@1.[340,1247,993,1815]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: left lateral view of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum (=Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853:12, 23, pl. 5. Type locality: Rio Cuiabá, Cujaba - Fluss [Brazil]), NMW 46155; B: Drawing of the holotype of Sturisoma barbatum taken from Kner (1853); C: Drawing of the holotype of Oxyloricaria robusta taken from Regan (1904; reverse image). Arrows indicate plate counting of non-coalescent median series, and the first and last coalescent ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084890/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Fig. 1 A–B</figureCitation>
). We assume that illustrative representations of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB503D1C9AAFCF0F991" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[669,807,1528,1555]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB503D1C9AAFCF0F991" box="[669,807,1528,1555]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB5027AC9ABFC63F990" author="Kner, R." box="[822,948,1528,1555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner 1853</bibRefCitation>
:pl. 5), and not the first-hand analysis of the type specimen, conditioned the observations of Regan and subsequent authors, influencing the taxonomic history of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB501FBCA13FE94F9D9" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[183,323,1600,1626]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">S. barbatum</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB50002CA12FE3EF9D9" author="Regan, C. T." box="[334,489,1600,1627]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="191 - 350" refId="ref11718" refString="Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (1), 191 - 350, pls. 9 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00040. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Regan (1904)</bibRefCitation>
affirmed that the distinction between 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB502D5CA12FBF4F9D9" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[921,1059,1600,1627]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB502D5CA12FBF4F9D9" box="[921,1059,1600,1627]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50510CA12FB35F9D9" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1116,1250,1600,1627]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50510CA12FB35F9D9" box="[1116,1250,1600,1627]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in plate number where the keels of the middle and lower series join to continue in a single keel it is at the 16 for 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB5059CCA36FA8EF9FD" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[1232,1369,1636,1663]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB5059CCA36FA8EF9FD" box="[1232,1369,1636,1663]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(15 + 17 + supracaudal = 33) and at 18 for 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50371CADAFD15F921" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[573,706,1672,1699]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50371CADAFD15F921" box="[573,706,1672,1699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(17 + 15 + supracaudal = 33). However, the comparison of both 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80CFFB501DBCAFFFED3F945" box="[151,260,1708,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
results in the same number of plates: 17 + 15 + supracaudal = 33 for the midline. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB505E8CAFEFAF9F944" author="Kner, R." box="[1188,1326,1708,1735]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="65 - 98" refId="ref10345" refString="Kner, R. (1853) Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hof-naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien. I. Abtheilung. Loricarinae. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 6, 65 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12577" type="journal article" year="1853">Kner (1853)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the first ray of the dorsal fin in 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50356CA82FD76F969" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[538,673,1744,1771]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50356CA82FD76F969" box="[538,673,1744,1771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather thin and extends into a short thread, a feature not considered diagnostic by 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB50079CAA6FE05F88D" author="Regan, C. T." box="[309,466,1780,1807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="191 - 350" refId="ref11718" refString="Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (1), 191 - 350, pls. 9 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00040. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Regan (1904)</bibRefCitation>
. The dorsal first ray of the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB502E8CAA6FBFEF88D" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[932,1065,1780,1807]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB502E8CAA6FBFEF88D" box="[932,1065,1780,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not more prominent than in 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB504CBCAA6FED3F8B1" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB504CBCAA6FED3F8B1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our results indicate that these traits are variable and differ greatly according to ontogenetic stages, not being appropriate to differentiate these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80CFFB4018BCB33FDBFFEC2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1168,2023]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1761]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
Another discussion based on the inaccuracies of Kner’s graphic representation includes that of 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB50464CB32FF35F81D" author="Boeseman, M." pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref8488" refString="Boeseman, M. (1971) The &quot; comb-toothed &quot; Loricariinae of Surinam, with reflections on the phylogenetic tendencies within the family Loricariidae (Siluriformes, Siluroidei). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 116, 1 - 56, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1971">Boeseman (1971)</bibRefCitation>
who questioned 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB500EFCBD7FDB7F81D" author="Bleeker, P." box="[419,608,1924,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" refId="ref8409" refString="Bleeker, P. (1862) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises, publie sous les auspices du Gouvernement colonial neerlandais. Tome II. Siluroides, Chacoides et Heterobranchoides. Frederic Muller, Editeur, Amsterdam, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67474" type="book" year="1862">Bleeker’s (1862)</bibRefCitation>
description of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80CFFB50233CBD7FBC7F81D" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[895,1040,1924,1950]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Oxyloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80CFFB50233CBD7FBC7F81D" box="[895,1040,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Oxyloricaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, who pointed out that the origin of the dorsal fin was just above the pelvic ones. In this line, 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80CFFB50252CBFAFBD5F840" author="Boeseman, M." box="[798,1026,1960,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref8488" refString="Boeseman, M. (1971) The &quot; comb-toothed &quot; Loricariinae of Surinam, with reflections on the phylogenetic tendencies within the family Loricariidae (Siluriformes, Siluroidei). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 116, 1 - 56, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1971">Boeseman (1971: 5)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that “it is only necessary to look at the illustrated figure” (with interpretation errors) of Kner to disprove Bleeker description. However, the review of the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80DFFB4007DCCC4FE44FF32" box="[305,403,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40365CCC4FD66FF32" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[553,689,151,177]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40365CCC4FD66FF32" box="[553,689,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that Bleeker’s observation was right about this character. Otherwise, the graphic representation of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40326CCE8FD26FF56" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[618,753,187,213]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40326CCE8FD26FF56" box="[618,753,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by Regan shows that his plate counting coincides completely with the type-material (see 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80DFFB40302CC8CFD7AFF7A" box="[590,685,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,813,837]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[340,1247,181,789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Loricaria barbata (NMW 46155) in three views. A, counting of left lateral plates; B: dorsal view; C: ventral view. Courtesy images of Naturhistorisches Museum Wien." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084892/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Fig. 2 C</figureCitation>
). We do not intend to discredit the drawings provided by Kner, nor Regan’s work, but to emphasize that the early graphic representations perpetuate to some degree the inconsistencies in the original diagnoses of these species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80DFFB401BBCD18FB26FDE2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
However, in 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB400C4CD18FCD6FEE6" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E." box="[392,769,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="0247747" refId="ref10967" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E. (2021) A combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with emphasis on the Harttiini and Farlowellini S. Caballero (Ed). PLoS ONE, 16 (3), e 0247747. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0247747" type="journal article" year="2021">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Reis (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, using molecular and morphological data, the same authors showed that the sister group of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB400B4CD3CFDBDFE0A" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" box="[504,618,367,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB400B4CD3CFDBDFE0A" box="[504,618,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a clade composed of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40234CD3CFB96FE0A" baseAuthorityName="Bogan &amp; Agnolin" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[888,1089,367,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisomatichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40234CD3CFB96FE0A" box="[888,1089,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisomatichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40513CD3CFB0CFE0A" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityYear="1889" box="[1119,1243,367,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Farlowella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40513CD3CFB0CFE0A" box="[1119,1243,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Farlowella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB405B6CD3CFA41FE0A" authorityName="Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="1983" box="[1274,1430,367,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Aposturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB405B6CD3CFA41FE0A" box="[1274,1430,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Aposturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our results, based only on one mitochondrial marker, support this last relationship between the genera of the tribe. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB401DBCDE4FDC1FE52" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E." box="[151,534,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="0247747" refId="ref10967" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E. (2021) A combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with emphasis on the Harttiini and Farlowellini S. Caballero (Ed). PLoS ONE, 16 (3), e 0247747. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0247747" type="journal article" year="2021">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Reis (2021)</bibRefCitation>
established that the genus 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4021DCDE4FC14FE52" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" box="[849,963,439,465]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4021DCDE4FC14FE52" box="[849,963,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes only species with a cis-Andean distribution; and in their analyses, the distance between 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40249CD88FC5EFE76" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[773,905,475,501]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40249CD88FC5EFE76" box="[773,905,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB402F1CD88FB91FE76" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[957,1094,475,501]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB402F1CD88FB91FE76" box="[957,1094,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is surprisingly high. However, it should be taken into consideration that the 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB403E3CDACFCEBFD9A" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[687,828,511,537]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB403E3CDACFCEBFD9A" box="[687,828,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen used in 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB40556CDACFA4BFD9A" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E." box="[1050,1436,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="0247747" refId="ref10967" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Reis, R. E. (2021) A combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with emphasis on the Harttiini and Farlowellini S. Caballero (Ed). PLoS ONE, 16 (3), e 0247747. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0247747" type="journal article" year="2021">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Reis (2021)</bibRefCitation>
analysis comes from the 
<collectingRegion id="187AF867D80DFFB400E1CE70FDDDFDBE" box="[429,522,547,573]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Madeira</collectingRegion>
River (Amazon), a locality that is not included in the geographical distribution of the species and consequently, the specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB403ECCE14FCFEFDE2" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[672,809,583,609]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB403ECCE14FCFEFDE2" box="[672,809,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
analyzed by them may be misidentified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80DFFB4018BCE38FE0DFC4A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
New species of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40033CE38FE26FD06" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" box="[383,497,619,645]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40033CE38FE26FD06" box="[383,497,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described in recent years, providing more information on 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40446CE38FA42FD06" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[1290,1429,619,645]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40446CE38FA42FD06" box="[1290,1429,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB401DBCEDCFEEFFD2A" author="Ghazzi, M. S." box="[151,312,654,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="559 - 565" refId="ref9602" refString="Ghazzi, M. S. (2005) Sturisoma kneri, new species, a name for an old yet poorly-known catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Copeia, 2005 (3), 559 - 565. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 04 - 232 R 1" type="journal article" year="2005">Ghazzi (2005)</bibRefCitation>
points out that this species has a moderate ventral expansion of the sphenotic and it is distinguished from most congeners by having 18 ventromedial plates without fused keels 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40565CEE0FB90FD4F" box="[1065,1095,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">vs.</emphasis>
20–22 (usually 21) in other 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB401DBCE84FEDEFD72" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,265,727,753]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB401DBCE84FEDEFD72" box="[151,265,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. By reviewing the type-material of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB403E8CE84FCF9FD72" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[676,814,727,753]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB403E8CE84FCF9FD72" box="[676,814,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40224CE84FC38FD72" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[872,1007,727,753]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40224CE84FC38FD72" box="[872,1007,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the material from 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80DFFB405B0CE84FAB9FD72" box="[1276,1390,727,753]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, we noticed the occurrence of 18 plates in the ventromedial series, and only 
<specimenCount id="CCB8FD0CD80DFFB402F8CEA8FB8DFC96" box="[948,1114,763,789]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(BMNH 1934.8.20.389–391 and CFA-IC-5103) had 19 and 20 plates without fused keels (see 
<figureCitation id="42852A00D80DFFB402C7CF4CFC19FCBA" box="[907,974,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[367,1220,1142,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-376@5.[354,1233,1137,1867]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. A: Phylogenetic analyses based on COI marker. Bootstrap and posterior probabilities support displayed close to branches. B: Delimitation methods results shown with vertical black bars. C: Haplotypes network is colored according to the species determination as in the tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084899/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) followed by 14 plates with fused keels (19+14+supracaudal=33). Regarding the sphenotic shape, we found in the 
<typeStatus id="05058827D80DFFB40299CF10FBE0FCDE" box="[981,1079,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40517CF10FB34FCDE" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[1115,1251,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40517CF10FB34FCDE" box="[1115,1251,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40454CF10FA4BFCDE" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1304,1436,835,861]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40454CF10FA4BFCDE" box="[1304,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that the sphenotic ventral expansion is absent in both taxa, which contradicts 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB40556CF34FB6EFC02" author="Ghazzi, M. S." box="[1050,1209,870,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="559 - 565" refId="ref9602" refString="Ghazzi, M. S. (2005) Sturisoma kneri, new species, a name for an old yet poorly-known catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Copeia, 2005 (3), 559 - 565. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 04 - 232 R 1" type="journal article" year="2005">Ghazzi (2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB4058ACF34FF06FC26" author="Londono-Burbano, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="999 - 1015" refId="ref10694" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. (2018) A new species of Sturisoma (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the Madre de Dios River basin, Peru, with a key to all congeners and comments on the type series of Sturisoma rostratum. Journal of Fish Biology, 92 (4), 999 - 1015. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13560" type="journal article" year="2018">Londoño-Burbano, 2018</bibRefCitation>
) observation. Therefore, we estimate that the above-mentioned characters cannot be diagnostic to differentiate these two 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40045CFFCFE0DFC4A" box="[265,474,943,969]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40045CFFCFEACFC4A" box="[265,379,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80DFFB4018BCF80FD79FBDA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
In the key to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB400AACF80FD65FC6E" box="[486,690,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB400AACF80FD8FFC6E" box="[486,600,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Sturisoma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB403F0CF80FC0CFC6E" author="Londono-Burbano, A." box="[700,987,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="999 - 1015" refId="ref10694" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. (2018) A new species of Sturisoma (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the Madre de Dios River basin, Peru, with a key to all congeners and comments on the type series of Sturisoma rostratum. Journal of Fish Biology, 92 (4), 999 - 1015. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13560" type="journal article" year="2018">Londoño-Burbano (2018)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the lengths of snout and of the distal filament that continues after the dorsal spine and the pectorals as characters to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4059ACFA4FA88FB92" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[1238,1375,1015,1041]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4059ACFA4FA88FB92" box="[1238,1375,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB401DBC848FECCFBB6" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,283,1051,1077]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB401DBC848FECCFBB6" box="[151,283,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. robustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We tested this proposal, but we found that these features are extremely variable because they are fragile and easily lost during the life of each specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA013685D80DFFB4018BC830FBC2F962" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB4018BC830FD9FFBFE" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R." box="[199,584,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="188 - 203" refId="ref10763" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2022) A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae), from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins. Journal of Fish Biology, 102 (1), 188 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 15251" type="journal article" year="2022">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Britto (2022)</bibRefCitation>
recently described another species, 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40298C830FBC8FBFF" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[980,1055,1123,1149]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40298C830FBC8FBFF" box="[980,1055,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from Madeira River, 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80DFFB40459C830FABDFBFE" box="[1301,1386,1123,1149]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="A2A97615D80DFFB401DBC8D4FF37FB22" box="[151,224,1159,1185]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), and suggested it is sister to 
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4036FC8D4FD65FB22" box="[547,690,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4036FC8D4FD79FB22" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[547,686,1159,1185]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">S. barbatum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
even the branch between both species was not well supported. Our molecular results did not distinguish these two species. The tree reconstruction, genetic distances, and delimitation methods suggested that specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4030BC89CFD05FB6A" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[583,722,1231,1257]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4030BC89CFD05FB6A" box="[583,722,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40240C89CFC8DFB6B" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[780,858,1231,1257]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40240C89CFC8DFB6B" box="[780,858,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the same lineage. Despite a low genetic distance between 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40029C8A0FE26FA8E" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[357,497,1267,1293]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40029C8A0FE26FA8E" box="[357,497,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40362C8A0FDA8FA8F" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[558,639,1267,1293]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40362C8A0FDA8FA8F" box="[558,639,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~0.2%, according to their data), 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB40541C8A0FA4BFA8E" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R." box="[1037,1436,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="188 - 203" refId="ref10763" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2022) A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae), from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins. Journal of Fish Biology, 102 (1), 188 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 15251" type="journal article" year="2022">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Britto (2022)</bibRefCitation>
assumed the morphological evidence justified the distinction between both taxa. Despite the fact that our contribution aims to elucidate the status of La Plata Basin species, the fact that in our analysis 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB40557C968FBB0FAD7" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[1051,1127,1339,1365]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40557C968FBB0FAD7" box="[1051,1127,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows low genetic distance with 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4019DC90CFE8CFAFA" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[209,347,1375,1401]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4019DC90CFE8CFAFA" box="[209,347,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, invites us to overview the morphological distinctiveness between both taxa. 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB40581C90CFE9FFA1E" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R." pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="188 - 203" refId="ref10763" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2022) A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae), from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins. Journal of Fish Biology, 102 (1), 188 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 15251" type="journal article" year="2022">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Britto (2022)</bibRefCitation>
supported that 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB400BAC9D0FD94FA1F" authorityName="Londono-Burbano &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2022" box="[502,579,1411,1437]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reisi">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB400BAC9D0FD94FA1F" box="[502,579,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. reisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by having a middorsal longitudinal, thin dark stripe on the caudal peduncle, extending from the second or third plate posterior to the dorsal-fin base to the origin of the caudal fin; central abdominal plates without spots (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40383C998FD31FA67" box="[719,742,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">vs</emphasis>
. central abdominal plates with faded dark spots); anteriormost abdominal plates, just posterior to the lower lip, square, not enlarged, smaller than anterior abdominal plates (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB40432C9BCFA42F98B" box="[1406,1429,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">vs</emphasis>
. rectangular, enlarged, longer than anterior abdominal plates; presence of a small blotch on distal tips of the first two branched rays of anal fin (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB400F5CA64FE07F9D3" box="[441,464,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">vs</emphasis>
. absence); and presence of poorly-developed odontodes at the sides of head on sexually dimorphic males (
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4002DCA08FEAFF9F7" box="[353,376,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">vs</emphasis>
. well-developed odontodes). As indicated in the descriptive section, and as noted in the figures, some of these features are also present in several 
<taxonomicName id="1DBE4D06D80DFFB4038ACA2CFC87F91A" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[710,848,1663,1689]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Sturisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis id="E8CAEA97D80DFFB4038ACA2CFC87F91A" box="[710,848,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">S. barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens. However, some traits (i.e., coloration of caudal peduncle, abdominal plates, and anal fin, plus the dimorphic development in mature males on both species) may distinguish both forms as supported by 
<bibRefCitation id="BE2F4B74D80DFFB403C4CA94FBC6F962" author="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R." box="[648,1041,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="188 - 203" refId="ref10763" refString="Londono-Burbano, A. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2022) A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae), from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basins. Journal of Fish Biology, 102 (1), 188 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 15251" type="journal article" year="2022">Londoño-Burbano &amp; Britto (2022)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>