477 lines
64 KiB
XML
477 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="4658E3A89746F0AD027DAF3788B147D8" ID-CLB-Dataset="29502" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74b777c9-eae0-4770-8c86-dcbb10fb06b3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1437848" ID-ZooBank="D66524CF-9C6D-4DF4-8CA2-B2C9708CF5FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538125412450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P. & Melnik, Viacheslav P." docDate="2018" docId="521587E4567B555709EEFBCD8959FCF8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4484.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4484 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pierrella plicata Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="AE2CFF9C563255070979FF888A4AFF87" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1698557051871" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E9840B6D5CEA5751DF8CFBE7E00A0E25">Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="940E720743ABD6B60DF8C1F1679AEAEE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AD6DECC2BBA6E362C726719BDCC4C91B">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC57A2284BADA0DA1B09483D40500784">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9D50FC34FFC700DCB42E813D0200C3D1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="28AACD5B499FFA6D55E138D84437587F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B11BC093C2556D4D213E8901359ED96">Melnik, Viacheslav P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F562DCB1DBD2EEC9E5BC6BC61259683E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0AE13259AB25244AE108DF58C954E25F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3CCB95FC4A34C0BCFD85FD3136AD0C8C">
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<mods:date id="B4E8A1DAA8B4D80F8C4A50BBB073BD3E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6C72BE385BB39784A214EF171C216C61">2018-09-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C8D8FCF4C313AAB6FFC61726E4B3715C">4484</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D0F2A9C92D0C4894667699E3583D799C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="13BC02C391B60756FF3D6EC03BA170AC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="521587E4567B555709EEFBCD8959FCF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5989839" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5989839" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:521587E4567B555709EEFBCD8959FCF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/521587E4567B555709EEFBCD8959FCF8" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection id="92A66579567B554E09EEFBCD8B6DFB07" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09EEFBCD8BE9FBD8" blockId="73.[151,419,1093,1152]" box="[151,419,1093,1119]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<heading id="814B819E567B554E09EEFBCD8BE9FBD8" bold="true" box="[151,419,1093,1119]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09EEFBCD8BE9FBD8" bold="true" box="[151,419,1093,1119]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567B554E09EEFBCD8B13FBD8" ID-CoL="ef210e9f-64ac-4ade-a48b-ce7930cbea28" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,345,1093,1119]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09EEFBCD8B13FBD8" bold="true" box="[151,345,1093,1119]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pierrella plicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B567B554E0819FBCD8BE9FBD8" box="[352,419,1093,1119]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09EEFBEF8B6DFB07" blockId="73.[151,419,1093,1152]" box="[151,295,1127,1152]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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(
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E09E6FBEF8ABFFB07" box="[159,245,1127,1152]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0878FBEF8B54FB07" box="[257,286,1127,1152]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="92A66579567B554E09EEFB278B79FADF" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09EEFB278B79FADF" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09EEFB278BC8FB4F" bold="true" box="[151,386,1199,1224]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E08F2FB278BB8FB4F" box="[395,498,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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||
<typeStatus id="05078850567B554E08F2FB278BB8FB4F" box="[395,498,1199,1224]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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:
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<collectionCode id="BCADAE37567B554E0B7BFB388819FB4F" box="[514,595,1200,1224]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
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1/50727, colony encrusting tubular arenaceous foraminiferan, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09EEFB5C8B2FFB6A" box="[151,357,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Yuzhmorgeologiya</emphasis>
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cruise
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<collectionCode id="BCADAE37567B554E08CCFB5C8BA9FB6B" box="[437,483,1236,1260]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7k2m-q4ze" name="Instituto di Entomologia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">BIE</collectionCode>
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2000, Stn 1,
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<date id="AE021032567B554E0B17FB5C894FFB6B" box="[622,773,1236,1261]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2000-05-31">31 May 2000</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BF885035567B554E0A76FB5C89EAFB6B" box="[783,928,1236,1261]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="1" value="12.91697">12.91697° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BF885035567B554E0AD2FB5C8E05FB6B" box="[939,1103,1236,1261]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="1" value="-128.58775">128.58775° W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity id="1D449B17567B554E0D20FB5C8EFAFB6B" box="[1113,1200,1236,1261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="4850.0">4850 m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E0DC3FB5D8F6BFB6B" box="[1210,1313,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<typeStatus id="05078850567B554E0DC3FB5D8F6BFB6B" box="[1210,1313,1237,1260]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="BCADAE37567B554E0C56FB5C8FCAFB6B" box="[1327,1408,1236,1260]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
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||
2/ 50728, colony encrusting tubular arenaceous foraminiferan, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E0AA9FB7F8E04FA97" box="[976,1102,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–11, Stn 230,
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<date id="AE021032567B554E0CF7FB708B5BFAB3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2012-05-04">4 May 2012</date>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035567B554E085BFA948BF3FAB3" box="[290,441,1308,1333]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="1" value="12.65038">12.65038° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="BF885035567B554E08B3FA948839FAB3" box="[458,627,1308,1333]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="1" value="-133.29996">133.29995° W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="1D449B17567B554E0BFDFA9488ABFAB3" box="[644,737,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.808999999999999" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="4809.0">4809 m</quantity>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E0B88FA948999FAB2" box="[753,979,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Additional material</emphasis>
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: YMG4–07, Stn 139. Total specimens examined six.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="92A66579567B554E09BEFAEC8E6DFAFA" box="[199,1063,1380,1405]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09BEFAEC8E6DFAFA" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" box="[199,1063,1380,1405]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09BEFAEC8B04FAFA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1380,1405]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Latin,
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E08E4FAEC8BBCFAFA" box="[413,502,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">plicatus</emphasis>
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, folded, alluding to the form of the closed orifice.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A66579567B554E09BEFA0F89B8F866" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09BEFA0F89ADF91B" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09BEFA0F8B13FA27" bold="true" box="[199,345,1415,1440]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony encrusting, uniserial, sparsely branching laterally (
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0A86FA0F8EC7FA27" box="[1023,1165,1415,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0DE3FA0F8EBBFA27" box="[1178,1265,1415,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50A–D</figureCitation>
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). Zooids large, transparent, variably claviform, either with elongate-oval dilatation and long filiform cauda of same length (
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0C13FA248A80FA6F" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E09ACFA478B60FA6F" box="[213,298,1487,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50A, H</figureCitation>
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), or pyriform to subrounded with truncate or no cauda (
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||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0AE1FA478E6EFA6F" box="[920,1060,1487,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49B–D</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0D56FA478E8EFA6F" box="[1071,1220,1487,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50C, D, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), in part depending on crowding of zooids on substratum, or intermediate between these morphologies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0D11FA7C8E9EF98B" box="[1128,1236,1524,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0D9AFA7C8F7CF98B" box="[1251,1334,1524,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral branching sporadic, on one side only, at right angle to widest part of dilatation. Aperture elevated, comprising stiff radiating pleats forming stellate pattern when polypide retracted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0AE1F9B48E6FF9D3" box="[920,1061,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0D4DF9B48E37F9D2" box="[1076,1149,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<date id="AE021032567B554E0D4DF9B48E11F9D2" box="[1076,1115,1596,1621]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1950-01">50I</date>
|
||
–L
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); 8–11 pleats seen, each appearing as erect ridge; stellate pattern symmetrical or ridges may appear somewhat longer on proximal side of orificial mound in some zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0B7AF90C883DF91B" box="[515,631,1668,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="AE021032567B554E0B4EF90C8815F91A" box="[567,607,1668,1693]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1950-01">50I</date>
|
||
, J
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooid wall wholly transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09BEF92F8898F8D7" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Vestibule tapering distad, as long as polypide that lies proximal to it; parieto-diaphragmatic musculature comprising small narrow bundles of fibers at each proximolateral corner. Vestibule
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17567B554E0D0BF9448EA3F963" box="[1138,1257,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.084">0.084 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; retracted tentacle crown
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17567B554E0838F9678BB5F88F" box="[321,511,1775,1800]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="0.96" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.1185" valueMax="0.141" valueMin="0.096">0.096–0.141 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Tentacle number not determined by sectioning; from lateral view of retracted polypide it is likely that tentacle number is 12 or fewer. Anchor point of polypide retractor muscles on proximal or proximolateral wall. No evidence of brown bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09BEF8D4880CF8F2" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" box="[199,582,1884,1909]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ancestrular zooid not determined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567B554E09BEF8F789B8F866" blockId="73.[151,1437,1199,2017]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E09BEF8F78B80F81F" bold="true" box="[199,458,1919,1944]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="05078850567B554E08AFF8F7880BF81F" box="[470,577,1919,1944]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ZIRAS 1/50727 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0A64F8F789E0F81F" box="[797,938,1919,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[163,1428,337,1772]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal. A–E, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded; F, G, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 49B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77567B554E0AC2F8F78E10F81F" box="[955,1114,1919,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pierrella plicata n. sp. A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727. A, H, narrow, long-caudate zooids; C–E, G, squat zooids; B, F, zooids of intermediate shape; I–L, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50B–H, K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
): ZL 0.900–1.350 (1.180 ± 0.134); ZDL 0.577–0.825 (0.675 ± 0.078); ZDW 0.402–0.575 (0.475 ± 0.051); CaL 0.325–0.775 (0.505 ± 0.141); OrD 0.058–0.107 (0.083 ± 0.016); OrH 0.044–0.069 (0.055 ± 0.011) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567B554E0AD1F84189FCF867" box="[936,950,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A665795678555709BEFF1F8AB7FCBF" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25678554D09BEFF1F8828FE9A" blockId="74.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D09BEFF1F8B71FF37" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We include this new species in the otherwise monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715678554D0D71FF1F8E26FF37" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1032,1132,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D0D71FF1F8E26FF37" box="[1032,1132,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Pierrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, previously known only as a fossil taxon from the Cretaceous (lower Campanian to lower Maastrichtian) of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1878F8105678554D0D35FF348EF0FF52" box="[1100,1210,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1878F8105678554D0D81FF348FD2FF52" box="[1272,1432,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A2AB76625678554D09EEFF688A99FF7F" box="[151,211,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="050788505678554D0876FF688B75FF7F" box="[271,319,224,248]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715678554D08DDFF698845FF7F" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[420,527,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D08DDFF698845FF7F" box="[420,527,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was preserved on inner shell surfaces of empty body chambers of ammonites by a process interpreted as lithoimmuration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5678554D09EEF973886AF82D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437947/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[151,250,1787,1809]" targetBox="[163,1428,337,1772]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25678554D09EEF973886AF82D" blockId="74.[151,1437,1787,1962]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D09EEF9738B55F896" bold="true" box="[151,287,1787,1809]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715678554D085CF9738B86F896" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[293,460,1787,1809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D085CF9738B86F896" box="[293,460,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Pierrella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D08ABF9738840F896" bold="true" box="[466,522,1787,1809]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5678554D08ABF9738840F896" box="[466,522,1787,1809]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–E, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727; F, G, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 139. Specimens stained in Rose Bengal.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D0B2FF89288CCF8B7" bold="true" box="[598,646,1818,1840]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
, zooids on arenaceous foraminiferan tubes, varying from linear and caudate to squat and more crowded;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D08E2F8B08BE2F8C9" bold="true" box="[411,424,1848,1870]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05678554D08CCF8B08B8CF8C9" bold="true" box="[437,454,1848,1870]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">G</emphasis>
|
||
, stained zooids seen in transmitted light. Abbreviations: at, alimentary tract; d, diaphragm; dmtd, dilator muscles and tendon of diaphragm; ofcp, orifice with folded cuticular pleats; pm, parietal muscles; r, rectum; rmtc, retractor muscles of tentacle crown; rt, retracted tentacles; sc, stomach caecum; t, tentacles; v, vestibule (filled with sediment). Scale bars: A–E, 500 µm; F, G, 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5679554C09EEF94E8808F89D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437949/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1734,1756]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25679554C09EEF94E8808F89D" blockId="75.[151,1437,1734,1818]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C09EEF94E8B6BF95B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1734,1756]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715679554C085EF94E8B85F95B" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,463,1734,1756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C085EF94E8B85F95B" box="[295,463,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pierrella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C08AEF94E885BF95B" bold="true" box="[471,529,1734,1756]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5679554C08AEF94E885BF95B" box="[471,529,1734,1756]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, I, J, paratype, ZIRAS 2/50728; B–H, K, L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50727.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0C77F94E8F6AF95B" bold="true" box="[1294,1312,1734,1756]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0C57F94E8F08F95B" bold="true" box="[1326,1346,1734,1756]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">H</emphasis>
|
||
, narrow, long-caudate zooids;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C080BF96D8BE8F97C" bold="true" box="[370,418,1765,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C08D6F96D8B8AF97C" bold="true" box="[431,448,1765,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">G</emphasis>
|
||
, squat zooids;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0B25F96D8827F97C" bold="true" box="[604,621,1765,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0B02F96D88C2F97C" bold="true" box="[635,648,1765,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">F</emphasis>
|
||
, zooids of intermediate shape;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0AB2F96D89B8F97C" bold="true" box="[971,1010,1765,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">I–L</emphasis>
|
||
, stiffly pleated orificial folds. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 100 µm; I–L, 25 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25679554B09BEF8CE898BFE9A" blockId="75.[151,1437,1862,2031]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The overall characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715679554C088AF8CF882BF8D8" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[499,609,1862,1887]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C088AF8CF882BF8D8" box="[499,609,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accord with living members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715679554C0AA2F8CE8E30F8D8" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[987,1146,1862,1887]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomata" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Arachnidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of colony form (adnate, uniserial, branching) and zooid shape (clavate/caudate), but the genus was able to be distinguished by its distinctive pleats (folds), eight in all, forming the orifice in the retracted state. This arrangement is unknown in any other arachnidioid, in which the orifice, when closed, has been described as a mamilla or papilla, or is somewhat elevated and squared (d'Hondt 1983).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B035679554C0B3DF85E8919F868" box="[580,851,2006,2031]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref37700" refString="Wilson, M. A. & Taylor, P. D. (2013) Palaeoecology, preservation and taxonomy of encrusting ctenostome bryozoans inhabiting ammonite body chambers in the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale of Wyoming and South Dakota. In: Ernst, A., Schafer, P. & Scholz, J. (Eds.), Bryozoan Studies 2010. Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 143, pp. 419 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 16411 - 8 _ 28" type="journal article">Wilson & Taylor (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to the pleats in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715679554C0D1EF85F8E98F868" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[1127,1234,2006,2031]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05679554C0D1EF85F8E98F868" box="[1127,1234,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as "setigerous, or pleated, collars", but it remains to be seen if the stiff orificial folds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567E554B0ADAFF1F8E4DFF37" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[931,1031,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0ADAFF1F8E4DFF37" box="[931,1031,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pierrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are homologous with the setigerous apparatus of the introvert in vesicularioid ctenostomes. For example, in the ctenostomes studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03567E554B0C7FFF348B7FFF7F" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref35774" refString="McKinney, M. J. & Dewel, R. A. (2002) The ctenostome collar-an enigmatic structure. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N., Buttler, C. J. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Bryozoan Studies 2001. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, pp. 191 - 197." type="book chapter">McKinney & Dewel (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, all collars were "composed of membranes that appeared to have their basal attachment at the atrial sphincter (diaphragm)"; these authors distinguished four forms of collar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A567E554B09EEF88D8B85F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437951/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1797,1819]" targetBox="[284,1313,337,1787]" targetPageId="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567E554B09EEF88D8B85F875" blockId="76.[151,1436,1797,2034]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B09EEF88D8B55F89C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1797,1819]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567E554B085CF88E884AF89C" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[293,512,1797,1819]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Orectopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flabellum" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B085CF88E884AF89C" box="[293,512,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Orectopora flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B567E554B0B7FF88D88D8F89C" box="[518,658,1797,1819]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0B7FF88D8807F89C" bold="true" box="[518,589,1797,1819]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0B20F88D88D8F89C" bold="true" box="[601,658,1797,1819]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127723, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B08DBF8AC8BFEF8BD" bold="true" box="[418,436,1828,1850]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
, colony curvature in lateral view showing part of abfrontal (left) and frontal (right) surfaces; note large cluster of kenozooidal chambers at lower left, becoming longer distally and near autozooidal tubes;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0DAFF8CA8EADF8DF" bold="true" box="[1238,1255,1858,1880]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
, like A, but from opposite side, showing more of abfrontal surface; note pseudopore density;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0AEAF8E989EFF8F0" bold="true" box="[915,933,1889,1911]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
, en face view of colony frontal surface, with only the part in the square shown as backface isosurface render; note the kenozooids in the interior angle between two-right-hand fascicles (lobes);
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0829F8168B28F833" bold="true" box="[336,354,1950,1972]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B080AF8168BCEF833" bold="true" box="[371,388,1950,1972]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">E</emphasis>
|
||
, abfrontal side of colony, with that in D showing differentiating tip of middle lobe; note elongate kenozooids on either side of or abfrontal to autozooidal tubes;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567E554B0A54F8358970F854" bold="true" box="[813,826,1981,2003]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F</emphasis>
|
||
, close-up of part of A showing variability of kenozooidal chambers. Scale bars: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A567F554A09EEF9698BBCF86B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437953/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[151,250,1761,1783]" targetBox="[176,1420,193,1749]" targetPageId="77">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567F554A09EEF9698BBCF86B" blockId="77.[151,1436,1761,2028]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A09EEF9698B68F970" bold="true" box="[151,290,1761,1783]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567F554A0852F9698B9EF970" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,468,1761,1783]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A0852F9698B9EF970" box="[299,468,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B567F554A08A4F9698838F970" box="[477,626,1761,1783]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A08A4F969886DF970" bold="true" box="[477,551,1761,1783]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A0B4FF9698838F970" bold="true" box="[566,626,1761,1783]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127724, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A08DAF9778BFFF892" bold="true" box="[419,437,1791,1813]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A</emphasis>
|
||
, entire colony in profile; note the density of kenozooidal chambers in the column;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A0C72F9778F56F892" bold="true" box="[1291,1308,1791,1813]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">B</emphasis>
|
||
, close-up of distal part of column showing diminished numbers of kenozooids where it broadens into the calyx;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A0DEAF8968EEFF8B3" bold="true" box="[1171,1189,1822,1844]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C</emphasis>
|
||
, optical section through gonozooid and ooeciostome, with arrowhead indicating a ledge at inner opening of ooeciostome;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A0DF7F8B58EEAF8D4" bold="true" box="[1166,1184,1853,1875]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">D</emphasis>
|
||
, optical section through base of column showing protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex (purple) and first daughter zooid (red) also originating from protoecium (its communication pore outside plane of section); note multiple layers of kenozooids;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567F554A09EEF8118AE2F828" bold="true" box="[151,168,1945,1967]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">E</emphasis>
|
||
, three successive sections through ancestrular region, moving upwards from left to right, respectively showing protoecium (red) and first daughter zooid (yellow), narrowing to ancestrular peristome and broadening peristome of daughter zooid. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C–E, 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A567C554909EEF897884BF848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437955/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[151,250,1823,1845]" targetBox="[151,1436,210,1786]" targetPageId="78">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567C554909EEF897884BF848" blockId="78.[151,1436,1823,1999]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C554909EEF8978B69F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,291,1823,1845]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567C55490854F8A88BAAF8B2" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[301,480,1824,1845]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Anyuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="anastema" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C55490854F8A88BAAF8B2" box="[301,480,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anyuta anastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B567C55490893F89788C8F8B2" box="[490,642,1823,1845]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C55490893F897887FF8B2" bold="true" box="[490,565,1823,1845]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C55490B3CF89788C8F8B2" bold="true" box="[581,642,1823,1845]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127725, as surface (C) and back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C55490B27F8B6883AF8D3" bold="true" box="[606,624,1854,1876]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
|
||
, view of colony from below; note absence of kenozooids from most of column;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C554909EEF8D48AE2F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,168,1884,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral abfrontal view of two small fascicles with entrance to dimorphic zooid indicated by arrowhead; note relative paucity of communication pores;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567C554908E5F8F38B81F816" bold="true" box="[412,459,1915,1937]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
, exterior and interior views of colony base, showing lateral (C, D) and frontolateral (E) profiles with palisade of elongate-triangular kenozooidal chambers surrounding ancestrular protoecium (pr) and proximal part of its peristome (ap). Scale bars: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A567D554809EEF8B88B93F869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437957/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1840,1862]" targetBox="[162,1427,190,1827]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2567D554809EEF8B88B93F869" blockId="79.[151,1436,1840,2030]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D554809EEF8B88B6BF8C1" bold="true" box="[151,289,1840,1862]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71567D5548085EF8B88BB9F8C1" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,499,1840,1862]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Rallocytus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ridiculus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D5548085EF8B88BB9F8C1" box="[295,499,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Rallocytus ridiculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B567D55480882F8B888C1F8C1" box="[507,651,1840,1862]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D55480882F8B88809F8C1" bold="true" box="[507,579,1840,1862]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D55480B28F8B888C1F8C1" bold="true" box="[593,651,1840,1862]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micro-CT scans of paratype 2, NIWA 127726, as surface (A) and back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D55480B1FF8D98832F8E0" bold="true" box="[614,632,1873,1895]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
|
||
, surface and interior views of seven-zooid colony with dimorphic ancestrular zooid (daz) colored purple in the right-hand image; note small cluster of flattened kenozooidal chambers surrounding protoecium but absent from sides of column;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D55480B1AF81C883EF82D" bold="true" box="[611,628,1940,1962]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view, with entire dimorphic ancestrular zooid seen in left half;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0567D55480C38F81C8F19F82D" bold="true" box="[1345,1363,1940,1962]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C</emphasis>
|
||
, apical view of calyx, showing flattened kenozooidal/alveolar chambers filling center, dimorphic peristome at right indicated by arrowhead. Scale bars: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25662555709BEFF1F8928FE57" blockId="80.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Notwithstanding this uncertainty, which has no bearing on the relatedness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570D28FF1F8F44FF37" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1105,1294,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570D28FF1F8F44FF37" box="[1105,1294,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pierrella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570C60FF1F8F11FF37" bold="true" box="[1305,1371,151,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B566255570C60FF1F8F11FF37" box="[1305,1371,151,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570CFEFF118AACFF52" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570CFEFF118AACFF52" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the similarity of these two species is compelling. They accord in every important respect—colony form, zooid shape, zooid size, and the overlapping number of stiff orificial pleats (eight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570D34FF698EFFFF7F" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[1101,1205,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570D34FF698EFFFF7F" box="[1101,1205,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17566255570DBEFF688F51FF7F" box="[1223,1307,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570C5BFF698FC6FF7F" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1314,1420,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570C5BFF698FC6FF7F" box="[1314,1420,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The only differences concern budding locus (somewhat more distolateral in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570A94FE8D8E12FE9A" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[1005,1112,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570A94FE8D8E12FE9A" box="[1005,1112,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and budding pattern (morevariable branch angles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715662555708C7FEA18861FEC7" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[446,555,295,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555708C7FEA18861FEC7" box="[446,555,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but these differences can be intrageneric. In both species, zooid length and shape vary, becoming longer and more clavate in distal colony parts. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570AABFEC58E77FEE2" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[978,1085,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570AABFEC58E77FEE2" box="[978,1085,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a squatter zooid shape occurs where zooids are more crowded. An apparent colony origin was found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570A96FEF98E13FE0F" authorityName="Wilson & Taylor" authorityYear="2010" box="[1007,1113,367,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="larsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570A96FEF98E13FE0F" box="[1007,1113,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. larsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, giving evidence of a nearcircular ancestrula with two distolateral buds and a proximal bud. An ancestrula was not seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570C7AFE1D8F27FE2A" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1283,1389,404,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570C7AFE1D8F27FE2A" box="[1283,1389,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; its discovery would give more information concerning relatedness.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25662555709BEFE548A95FD02" blockId="80.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The long temporal gap of
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570894FE558BB3FE73" box="[493,505,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 74 million years need not preclude these two species being congeneric. A perusal of the Bryozoa Home Page shows that there are quite a number of Mesozoic genera, from three orders, still present in modern seas, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715662555708E1FDAC8860FDBA" box="[408,554,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Arachnidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomata" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555708E1FDAC8860FDBA" box="[408,554,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Arachnidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570B46FDAC8895FDBA" authorityName="d'Hondt" authorityYear="1983" box="[575,735,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Arachnoidella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570B46FDAC8895FDBA" box="[575,735,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Arachnoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570B8DFDAC89B5FDBB" authority="(Ctenostomata)" baseAuthorityName="Ctenostomata" box="[756,1023,548,573]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Buskiidae" genus="Buskia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570B8DFDAC890AFDBA" box="[756,832,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Buskia</emphasis>
|
||
(Ctenostomata)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570D69FDAC8E1EFDBA" box="[1040,1108,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Quadricellariidae" genus="Nellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570D69FDAC8E1EFDBA" box="[1040,1108,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Nellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570D13FDAC8EBDFDBA" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[1130,1271,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570D13FDAC8EBDFDBA" box="[1130,1271,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Onychocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570C75FDAC8FDFFDBA" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1854" box="[1292,1429,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Poricellariidae" genus="Poricellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570C75FDAC8FDFFDBA" box="[1292,1429,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Poricellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715662555709EEFDCF8BADFDE7" authority="(Cheilostomata)" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="Cheilostomata" box="[151,487,583,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555709EEFDCF8B69FDE7" box="[151,291,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Celleporella</emphasis>
|
||
(Cheilostomata)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D7156625557088EFDCF88CFFDE7" authorityName="Taylor & Sequeiros" authorityYear="1982" box="[503,645,583,608]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Oncousoeciidae" genus="Microeciella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056625557088EFDCF88CFFDE7" box="[503,645,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Microeciella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570BE0FDCF8958FDE7" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1918" box="[665,786,583,608]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Diastoporidae" genus="Plagioecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570BE0FDCF8958FDE7" box="[665,786,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Plagioecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570A5FFDC18981FDE7" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" box="[806,971,585,608]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Entalophoridae" genus="Mesenteripora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570A5FFDC18981FDE7" box="[806,971,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mesenteripora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570AA6FDC08E95FDE7" authority="(Cyclostomata)" baseAuthorityName="Cyclostomata" box="[991,1247,583,608]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Crisiidae" genus="Crisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570AA6FDC08E6FFDD8" box="[991,1061,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Crisia</emphasis>
|
||
(Cyclostomata)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03566255570C19FDCF8A99FD02" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref37452" refString="Voigt, E. (1985) The Bryozoa of the Cretaceous - Tertiary boundary. In: Nielsen, C. & Larwood, G. P. (Eds.), Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, pp. 329 - 342." type="book chapter">Voigt 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25662555709BEFD078AB7FCBF" blockId="80.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715662555709BEFD078B35FD2F" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,383,655,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnidiidae" genus="Pierrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555709BEFD078B35FD2F" box="[199,383,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pierrella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555708FCFD078B8EFD2F" bold="true" box="[389,452,655,680]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5662555708FCFD078B8EFD2F" box="[389,452,655,680]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
encrusts tubular arenaceous foraminiferans resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71566255570D4AFD078E9CFD2F" box="[1075,1238,655,680]" class="Monothalamea" family="Rhabdamminidae" genus="Rhabdammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0566255570D4AFD078E9CFD2F" box="[1075,1238,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Rhabdammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which live at the sediment surface. The largest colonies comprised fewer than ten zooids. The proportionately very long vestibule in zooids examined in transparency and stained with Rose Bengal give evidence that, when the polypide retracts, the vestibule fills with fine sediment particles. These would be emptied from the vestibule upon the next polypide eversion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A665795662555709BEFCCC8959FCF8" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25662555709BEFCCC8959FCF8" blockId="80.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05662555709BEFCCC8B2AFCDA" bold="true" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded from three stations within coordinates 12.51953–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035566255570D9FFCCC8FD2FCDB" box="[1254,1432,836,861]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="12.91697">12.91697° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 128.58775–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035566255570864FCEF8B8AFCF8" box="[285,448,871,896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-134.60008">134.60008° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at depth range
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17566255570B09FCEF8945FCF8" box="[624,783,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.829" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.808" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="4829.0" valueMax="4850.0" valueMin="4808.0">4808–4850 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |