312 lines
57 KiB
XML
312 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="DE5397FAA3A2F3C3EF107873F38C637E" ID-CLB-Dataset="29502" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74b777c9-eae0-4770-8c86-dcbb10fb06b3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1437848" ID-ZooBank="D66524CF-9C6D-4DF4-8CA2-B2C9708CF5FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538125412450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P. & Melnik, Viacheslav P." docDate="2018" docId="521587E45611552009EEF9A7884FFC6B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4484.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4484 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Alyonushka filia Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="AE2CFF9C563255070979FF888A4AFF87" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698557051871" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4DDDEA0402BECF5CDFC80F4DFCB7FB57">Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C387E3B5EBDCB086081F4E4610466E3D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="79DD2B94E9A70231156FB52187034C08">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="110BDABD910BE6394D3C31F2BC5827B4">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F5571BA1211DC3C13E02616BD62C232">Melnik, Viacheslav P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="34F7CC6FE79C5F2DC32213E12EBE6B63">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="591F163FD80A5758DABE09B4E45362BC">
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<mods:date id="078ECD768716E9BBAF167834A6234DC7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC68E90A7F405A9BBC6E48689F999AC5">2018-09-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F586926007746510FE64A8174792720B">4484</mods:number>
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<treatment id="521587E45611552009EEF9A7884FFC6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5989807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5989807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:521587E45611552009EEF9A7884FFC6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/521587E45611552009EEF9A7884FFC6B" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="92A665795611552409EEF9A78B1BF9EC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25611552409EEF9A78BE0F9CD" blockId="35.[151,426,1583,1643]" box="[151,426,1583,1610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="814B819E5611552409EEF9A78BE0F9CD" bold="true" box="[151,426,1583,1610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552409EEF9A78BE0F9CD" bold="true" box="[151,426,1583,1610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715611552409EEF9A78B2AF9CE" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,352,1583,1609]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552409EEF9A78B2AF9CE" bold="true" box="[151,352,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B56115524081EF9B88BE0F9CD" box="[359,426,1584,1610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25611552409EEF9DA8B1BF9EC" blockId="35.[151,426,1583,1643]" box="[151,337,1618,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="42872A775611552409E6F9DA8B6AF9EC" box="[159,288,1618,1643]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionStartId-1="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionStartId-2="38.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetBox-1="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetBox-2="[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetId-0="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId-2="figure@38.[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetPageId-0="36" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionTargetPageId-2="38" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Progressive stages of development of ancestrulate and slightly older colonies. A, B, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 173, at four-zooid stage, with alveoli; C, D, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 363, four-zooid colony with one peristome occluded and spikes on trabeculae; E, F, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224, also at four-zooid stage but with broader base; G, H, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 365 with more-convex colony center; I, J, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 351, nearsymmetrical four-zooid colony; K, L, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180, colony with disproportionately thickened base and irregular column margin, suggesting possible regeneration after damage; M, N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 235, an asymmetrical five-zooid colony; O, P, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 294, with unusually thick basal support. Scale bars: 200 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1437895/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="42872A77561155240852F9DA8B02F9EC" box="[299,328,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127724, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors. A, entire colony in profile; note the density of kenozooidal chambers in the column; B, close-up of distal part of column showing diminished numbers of kenozooids where it broadens into the calyx; C, optical section through gonozooid and ooeciostome, with arrowhead indicating a ledge at inner opening of ooeciostome; D, optical section through base of column showing protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex (purple) and first daughter zooid (red) also originating from protoecium (its communication pore outside plane of section); note multiple layers of kenozooids; E, three successive sections through ancestrular region, moving upwards from left to right, respectively showing protoecium (red) and first daughter zooid (yellow), narrowing to ancestrular peristome and broadening peristome of daughter zooid. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C–E, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437953/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">52</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A665795611552409EEF9128883F8E0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25611552409EEF9128883F8E0" blockId="35.[151,1436,1690,2003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552409EEF9128BCEF934" bold="true" box="[151,388,1690,1715]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552408E9F9128BBCF934" box="[400,502,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ZIRAS 1/50710, colony attached to particle of nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561155240C67F9128FD6F934" box="[1310,1436,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–08, Stn 164,
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<date id="AE0210325611552408BCF9378827F950" box="[453,621,1727,1751]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2009-08-04">4 August 2009</date>
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, 13.26703° N, 133.84563° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17561155240ABCF9378E57F951" box="[965,1053,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.922" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="4922.0">4922 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561155240D51F9378EC5F951" box="[1064,1167,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paratype</emphasis>
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: NIWA 127724, colony attached to particle of nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561155240B0DF96A8908F97C" box="[628,834,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Yuzhmorgeologiya</emphasis>
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cruise YMG4–07, Stn 123,
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<date id="AE021032561155240DFFF96B8F51F97C" box="[1158,1307,1762,1787]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2007-07-31">31 July 2007</date>
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, 13.29668° N, 134.17724° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17561155240810F88F8B8BF899" box="[361,449,1799,1823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.773999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="4774.0">4774 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552408B5F88E88E3F898" box="[460,681,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Additional material</emphasis>
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: YMG4–04, Stn 48; GLD4–08, Stn 156; GLD4–09, Stns 173, 180, 195; GLD4–11, Stns 222, 224, 227; GLD4–12, Stns 235, 236; YMG4–13, Stns 294, 299, 319; YMG4–14, Stns 351, 357, 363, 365. Total specimens examined 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A665795611552409BEF8FA8E92F80C" box="[199,1240,1906,1931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25611552409BEF8FA8E92F80C" blockId="35.[151,1436,1690,2003]" box="[199,1240,1906,1931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552409BEF8FA8B04F80C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1906,1931]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Latin,
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<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715611552408E4F8FA8B80F80C" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[413,458,1906,1931]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552408E4F8FA8B80F80C" box="[413,458,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">filia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, daughter, linking with the genus name; used as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A665795611552009BEF81E8E57FCDB" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25611552309BEF81E8944FEE2" blockId="35.[151,1436,1690,2003]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05611552409BEF81E8B13F828" bold="true" box="[199,345,1942,1967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony erect, pedunculate and subcalyciform, with outwardly flaring capitulum of relatively long autozooidal peristomes in mature colonies (
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<figureCitation id="42872A77561155240BF5F8328953F854" box="[652,793,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
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), up to maximum of
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561155240D68F8348E57F854" box="[1041,1053,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">c</emphasis>
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. 27 long and short peristomes in single irregular whorl; lower parts of some peristomes fused with shorter neighbors in slightly more abfrontal position. Calyx center in immature colonies bowl-like with a few relatively large peripheral alveoli. Column narrowest in middle, widening evenly to moderately broad base. Entire external skeletal surface of colony minutely and excessively prickled (
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<figureCitation id="42872A775616552308A8FE8C8836FE9B" box="[465,636,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 22F–J, L</figureCitation>
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). Skeletal microstructure of generally irregular angular imbricated crystallites (
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<figureCitation id="42872A77561655230858FEAF8BC3FEC7" box="[289,393,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
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). Proximal half of column may become thickened by development of layers of overlapping flattened, cushion-like alveoli/kenozooid-like chambers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA0336F25616552309EEF8048E16F858" blockId="36.[151,1436,1932,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05616552309EEF8048B6EF825" bold="true" box="[151,292,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71561655230857F8048B9DF825" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[302,471,1932,1954]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561655230857F8048B9DF825" box="[302,471,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B56165523089BF8048831F825" box="[482,635,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056165523089BF8048864F825" bold="true" box="[482,558,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561655230B47F8048831F825" bold="true" box="[574,635,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561655230BFFF80488D2F825" bold="true" box="[646,664,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561655230CFDF8048FDFF825" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1932,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561655230A43F8228920F847" bold="true" box="[826,874,1962,1984]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5617552209EEF9548BE3F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" targetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25617552209EEF9548BE3F86F" blockId="37.[151,1436,1756,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05617552209EEF9548B6AF975" bold="true" box="[151,288,1756,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D7156175522085EF9548B87F975" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,461,1756,1778]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056175522085EF9548B87F975" box="[295,461,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5617552208ADF954882EF975" box="[468,612,1756,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05617552208ADF9548857F975" bold="true" box="[468,541,1756,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220B53F954882EF975" bold="true" box="[554,612,1756,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220C40F9548F01F975" bold="true" box="[1337,1355,1756,1778]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows);
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220CFDF9738FDFF896" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1787,1809]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220B1FF8B18832F8C8" bold="true" box="[614,632,1849,1871]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220D18F8B18E39F8C8" bold="true" box="[1121,1139,1849,1871]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220B79F8DF885BF8EA" bold="true" box="[512,529,1879,1901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220A8EF8DF8E4EF8EA" bold="true" box="[1015,1028,1879,1901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220D6BF8DF8E56F8EA" bold="true" box="[1042,1052,1879,1901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">I</emphasis>
|
||
, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220B25F8FE8827F80B" bold="true" box="[604,621,1910,1932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">G</emphasis>
|
||
, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220DD6F8FE8E89F80B" bold="true" box="[1199,1219,1910,1932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">H</emphasis>
|
||
, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220DEDF81C8EEBF82D" bold="true" box="[1172,1185,1940,1962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561755220DD6F81C8E8AF82D" bold="true" box="[1199,1216,1940,1962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L</emphasis>
|
||
, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05617552208B8F83B8B9FF84E" bold="true" box="[449,469,1971,1993]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">K</emphasis>
|
||
, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5614552109EEF8858EB4F86A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437895/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1805,1827]" targetBox="[198,1389,188,1792]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25614552109EEF8858EB4F86A" blockId="38.[151,1436,1805,2029]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05614552109EEF8858B6AF8A4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1805,1827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D7156145521085FF8858B86F8A4" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[294,460,1805,1827]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056145521085FF8858B86F8A4" box="[294,460,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5614552108AAF885882BF8A4" box="[467,609,1805,1827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05614552108AAF8858850F8A4" bold="true" box="[467,538,1805,1827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210B5EF885882BF8A4" bold="true" box="[551,609,1805,1827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Progressive stages of development of ancestrulate and slightly older colonies.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210CFAF8858FDFF8A4" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1805,1827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05614552109EEF8A68AE2F8C3" bold="true" box="[151,168,1838,1860]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 173, at four-zooid stage, with alveoli;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210A40F8A68901F8C3" bold="true" box="[825,843,1838,1860]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210A21F8A68920F8C3" bold="true" box="[856,874,1838,1860]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 363, four-zooid colony with one peristome occluded and spikes on trabeculae;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210BECF8C788ECF8E2" bold="true" box="[661,678,1871,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210BCAF8C7888AF8E2" bold="true" box="[691,704,1871,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224, also at four-zooid stage but with broader base;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05614552109AEF8F98AA2F800" bold="true" box="[215,232,1905,1927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210983F8F98B44F800" bold="true" box="[250,270,1905,1927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">H</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 365 with more-convex colony center;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210AA3F8F989AEF800" bold="true" box="[986,996,1905,1927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210A8EF8F98E49F800" bold="true" box="[1015,1027,1905,1927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">J</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 351, nearsymmetrical four-zooid colony;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210897F81A8848F82F" bold="true" box="[494,514,1938,1960]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210B6DF81A886FF82F" bold="true" box="[532,549,1938,1960]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180, colony with disproportionately thickened base and irregular column margin, suggesting possible regeneration after damage;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210A04F83C89DFF84D" bold="true" box="[893,917,1972,1994]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210ADBF83C89FEF84D" bold="true" box="[930,948,1972,1994]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">N</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 235, an asymmetrical five-zooid colony;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056145521082EF85F8B21F86A" bold="true" box="[343,363,2007,2029]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">O</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561455210801F85F8BCFF86A" bold="true" box="[376,389,2007,2029]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 294, with unusually thick basal support. Scale bars: 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFF1F8848FE9B" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Autozooidal peristomes with staggered barbed ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200A3CFF1F89EAFF37" box="[837,928,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200AC8FF108E42FF37" box="[945,1032,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pores simple, small, sparse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200C16FF1F8A86FF53" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apertures rounded, the rims bearing up to 10 evenly spaced projections of peristomial ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200D8BFF348A8DFF7F" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22A, C–E, I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interior of peristomes with simple scattered spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200A40FF5789E9FF7F" box="[825,931,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22K</figureCitation>
|
||
); these longer and more acicular in openings of developing zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A775615552008E8FE8C8BBFFE9B" box="[401,501,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFEAF8EB9FE57" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Gonozooids 1–2 per mature colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200B1AFEAF88BAFEC7" box="[611,752,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 21A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200B85FEA0897AFEC7" box="[764,816,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22A</figureCitation>
|
||
), occupying calyx center, large, convex; surface highly irregular owing to rims of adjacent alveoli bearing irregularly oriented thorn-like processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200DC4FEC48F63FEE3" box="[1213,1321,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200C41FEC48F20FEE3" box="[1336,1386,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22B</figureCitation>
|
||
), all minutely prickled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A7756155520080DFEE78BAAFE0F" box="[372,480,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Incubation-chamber floor continuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200ACBFEE78E57FE0F" box="[946,1053,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200D54FEE78E2AFE0F" box="[1069,1120,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127724, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors. A, entire colony in profile; note the density of kenozooidal chambers in the column; B, close-up of distal part of column showing diminished numbers of kenozooids where it broadens into the calyx; C, optical section through gonozooid and ooeciostome, with arrowhead indicating a ledge at inner opening of ooeciostome; D, optical section through base of column showing protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex (purple) and first daughter zooid (red) also originating from protoecium (its communication pore outside plane of section); note multiple layers of kenozooids; E, three successive sections through ancestrular region, moving upwards from left to right, respectively showing protoecium (red) and first daughter zooid (yellow), narrowing to ancestrular peristome and broadening peristome of daughter zooid. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C–E, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437953/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">52C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooeciostome(s) relatively broad and low, ooeciopore subrounded, very little elevated, thin-walled; inner face with sparse granulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200C16FE1C8AABFE57" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[236,1354,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A–E, G–L, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710; E, F, paratype, NIWA 127724. A, frontal (apical) view of colony showing two gonozooids separated by a narrow cleft, each chamber with an ooeciopore (arrows); B, oblique view of A from 8 o’clock perspective, showing two gonozooid mounds separated by cleft (concealed in furrow), each mound with complex spiky alveolate surface; C, same, from different angle, cleft at middle left; D, autozooidal peristomes with linear ridges and barbs, and pores; E, skeletal microstructure of gonozooid surface; F, I, incompletely developed autozooidal peristomes with abundant internal spinules; G, close-up of part of cleft between adjacent gonozooids; H, base of colony with hummocks indicating underlying alveolar/kenozooid-like chambers; note densely prickled surface; J, L, ooeciostomes of the two gonozooids shown in A; K, apical view of mature autozooidal peristome. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, H, 250 µm; F, G, I, J, L, 100 µm; E, K, 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437893/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22J, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). CT scans show narrow shelf within ooeciostome at inner entrance to gonozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200DF9FE3F8EADFE57" box="[1152,1255,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127724, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors. A, entire colony in profile; note the density of kenozooidal chambers in the column; B, close-up of distal part of column showing diminished numbers of kenozooids where it broadens into the calyx; C, optical section through gonozooid and ooeciostome, with arrowhead indicating a ledge at inner opening of ooeciostome; D, optical section through base of column showing protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex (purple) and first daughter zooid (red) also originating from protoecium (its communication pore outside plane of section); note multiple layers of kenozooids; E, three successive sections through ancestrular region, moving upwards from left to right, respectively showing protoecium (red) and first daughter zooid (yellow), narrowing to ancestrular peristome and broadening peristome of daughter zooid. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C–E, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437953/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 52C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFE548B8EFD03" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Ancestrula not seen in isolation, but erect judging from smallest (four-zooid) colony stages seen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200C74FE548FC5FE73" box="[1293,1423,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 23. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Progressive stages of development of ancestrulate and slightly older colonies. A, B, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 173, at four-zooid stage, with alveoli; C, D, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 363, four-zooid colony with one peristome occluded and spikes on trabeculae; E, F, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224, also at four-zooid stage but with broader base; G, H, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 365 with more-convex colony center; I, J, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 351, nearsymmetrical four-zooid colony; K, L, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180, colony with disproportionately thickened base and irregular column margin, suggesting possible regeneration after damage; M, N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 235, an asymmetrical five-zooid colony; O, P, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 294, with unusually thick basal support. Scale bars: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437895/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 23A–J</figureCitation>
|
||
); CT scans confirm protoecial dome with erect peristome arising from its center, with first daughter zooid also produced from dome adjacent to it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200B48FDAC88F0FDBB" box="[561,698,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[176,1420,193,1749]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Micro-CT scans of paratype, NIWA 127724, as back-face isosurface renders showing colony interiors. A, entire colony in profile; note the density of kenozooidal chambers in the column; B, close-up of distal part of column showing diminished numbers of kenozooids where it broadens into the calyx; C, optical section through gonozooid and ooeciostome, with arrowhead indicating a ledge at inner opening of ooeciostome; D, optical section through base of column showing protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex (purple) and first daughter zooid (red) also originating from protoecium (its communication pore outside plane of section); note multiple layers of kenozooids; E, three successive sections through ancestrular region, moving upwards from left to right, respectively showing protoecium (red) and first daughter zooid (yellow), narrowing to ancestrular peristome and broadening peristome of daughter zooid. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C–E, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437953/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 52D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Low trabeculae form in center of developing colony to support continuing elevation and expansion, with extrazooidal alveolar spaces between trabeculae and kenozooid-like chambers supporting stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFD0789FFFCBF" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05615552009BEFD078B8CFD2F" bold="true" box="[199,454,655,680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="050788505615552008B6FD078870FD2F" box="[463,570,655,680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ZIRAS 1/50710 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200A74FD0789D2FD2F" box="[781,920,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[188,1393,401,1921]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. A, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50710, profile of colony with paired gonozooid; B, paratype, NIWA 127724, profile of colony with single gonozooid; C–E, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 299, bilaterally compressed, showing developing gonozooid with continuous floor. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C–E, 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437891/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Colony height 3.20; capitulum 2.44 × 1.86; attachment base 1.15 × 1.03; stalk height 1.71, thickness 0.45 × 0.41 to 0.80 × 0.77; ZL 0.932–1.238 (1.062 ± 0.102); PeL 0.593–1.055 (0.812 ± 0.138); PeD 0.151–0.173 (0.160 ± 0.007); ApL 0.130–0.154 (0.143 ± 0.009); ApW 0.103–0.125 (0.116 ± 0.007). Gonozooid 1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561555200B94FD7588B1FC93" box="[749,763,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): GZL 0.695; GZW 0.410; OsL 0.123; OsW 0.101. Gonozooid 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561555200841FCA98B0CFCBF" box="[312,326,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): GZL 0.780; GZW 0.558; OsL 0.130; OsW 0.116.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFCCD8E57FCDB" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1053,836,861]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Non-type specimen GLD4–09, Stn 173 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77561555200BF4FCCC895CFCDB" box="[653,790,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[198,1389,188,1792]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 23. Alyonushka filia n. gen., n. sp. Progressive stages of development of ancestrulate and slightly older colonies. A, B, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 173, at four-zooid stage, with alveoli; C, D, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 363, four-zooid colony with one peristome occluded and spikes on trabeculae; E, F, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224, also at four-zooid stage but with broader base; G, H, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 365 with more-convex colony center; I, J, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 351, nearsymmetrical four-zooid colony; K, L, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180, colony with disproportionately thickened base and irregular column margin, suggesting possible regeneration after damage; M, N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 235, an asymmetrical five-zooid colony; O, P, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 294, with unusually thick basal support. Scale bars: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437895/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 23A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): AnPeD 0.123 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561555200AAAFCCD89ABFCDB" box="[979,993,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A665795615552009BEFCEF8F77FC22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFCEF8F77FC22" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05615552009BEFCEF8B71FC07" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D7156155520083DFCEF8BB7FC07" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[324,509,871,896]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="filia" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE056155520083DFCEF8BB7FC07" box="[324,509,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Alyonushka filia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B561555200B7FFCEF88E3FC07" box="[518,681,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561555200B7FFCEF881DFC07" bold="true" box="[518,599,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0561555200B11FCEF88E3FC07" bold="true" box="[616,681,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from the following two new species by its much longer, barbed, peristomes and spinose apertures, as well as the chaotic thorny surface of its gonozooid(s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A665795615552009BEFC27884FFC6B" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25615552009BEFC27884FFC6B" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05615552009BEFC278B2AFC4F" bold="true" box="[199,352,943,968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded from 19 stations within coordinates 12.55585–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035561555200A8CFC278EC2FC40" box="[1013,1160,943,968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="14.57215">14.57215° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 130.83310–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035561555200C65FC388AF8FC6B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-134.17725">134.17724° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at depth range
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B1756155520081BFC5C884AFC6B" box="[354,512,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0245" metricValueMax="5.275" metricValueMin="4.773999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="5024.5" valueMax="5275.0" valueMin="4774.0">4774–5275 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |