296 lines
34 KiB
XML
296 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="284558" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0238341-4407-4d11-b1f7-0a4f7d4b22e4" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-48-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="768E4D6A499F5E8DB5FA59ACA071AC36" ID-ZooBank="989B4A14F7D54805822A2181DE5223A4" ModsDocID="1314-2615-48-1" checkinTime="1704767870154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Harden, Curt W., Davidson, Robert L., Malabad, Thomas E., Caterino, Michael S. & Maddison, David R." docDate="2024" docId="23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 48: 1-49" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 48" docPubDate="2024-01-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404" docTitle="Horologion speokoites Valentine 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="768E4D6A499F5E8DB5FA59ACA071AC36" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="768E4D6A499F5E8DB5FA59ACA071AC36" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, 1932 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini), with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1704768481253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8F81613538D0E35C80C404AF67D25993">Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, 1932 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini), with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12401891754479A6E28A3C65C1CFDB70">Harden, Curt W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5075517DE05FD9C1CDE26743FA3E3316">Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DBB49B6AB24DA12E9E16520935276E0" type="email">c_har@fastmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="11BB0FDB9003AF6F5DA13460FAF01DB8">Davidson, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34CDFB51AE058D0B0DC48D1603D3CF2A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B503D7BB544AB8F4C5D1726EA92E7146">Malabad, Thomas E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79EEE07B27F26D520CA8FA386C0ADF0D">Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Karst Program, 16 th Floor, 600 East Main Street, Richmond, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3F45F93EEE09F41F56FA3345A3ECB3C">Caterino, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1A9199E6C4F2ADE9A3080F76AC7B99DC">Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFD34CA187C188670D18121456A1A7C0">Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3590B9AF2B7FB77739D3C823DF8FF9CD">Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6CF8EBA781B7700838CF3035EB69CBF6">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4A9066D75175544729AD7B23208690C8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B72172888043A600C71B78045B9AF322">2024-01-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0E10EA93C5148CE082E284BFA98100F3">48</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A0DA7ACC876E7BC46AF4AF8A55240474">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F2932F5EA7272B22C36E8C77D0D5364B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A6F956FE7FB84E3A54F00D588A162ED" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="8618078FDA57A30E54A5A9C037565D97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C2B2BF5C3FA60B0CC7E2EF781FD6B9CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1ECD149C8310D57E6A53353E4B89EA78" ID-CoL="3MQ6Q" LSID="23B09970-91EF-5072-81FB-69E970E994CD" authority="Valentine, 1932" authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Horologion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horologion speokoites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speokoites">Horologion speokoites Valentine, 1932</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="426043A42B4A001AF92D28F2F4D7621B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CAC95CB53C702E22194DEABAD60AEC48" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="79F1B6FCDB835B1019A429AEE951FA0C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Horologion speokoites holotype (USNM), dorsal habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963501" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="82BD20F7A086570C40D97B792DFC1E6A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labels of Horologion speokoites holotype, USNM." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="246277A6E13ED85080E009C6A58ADF2F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Protarsi of Horologion A H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect B H. hubbardi female paratype, dorsal aspect C H. speokoites male holotype, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi male holotype, ventral aspect E H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="2241C56EA108EF10EC4A8975057BF900" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Genitalia of Horologion species A H. speokoites median lobe, left lateral aspect B H. speokoites left paramere, left lateral aspect C H. speokoites median lobe, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi median lobe, left lateral aspect E H. hubbardi left paramere, left lateral aspect F H. hubbardi median lobe, dorsal aspect G H. hubbardi right paramere, right lateral aspect H H. hubbardi female genitalia, ventral aspect A-C after Valentine (1932). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="99A07F57F7DE24BBCFADF7D8FE8B4EC5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Elytral characters of Horologion species A H. speokoites holotype, elytra, oblique left lateral aspect B H. hubbardi paratype (CMNH), ditto C H. hubbardi paratype (VMNH), SEM detail of apex of left elytron, ventral aspect D H. hubbardi paratype (VMNH), SEM photo of right elytron, dorsal aspect E H. hubbardi paratype (VMNH), SEM detail of right elytron (area indicated by black box in D). Black arrows: discal setae, white arrows: plica." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963511" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="708357B9E062B54A95B10D5C4F0E39B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2D616D3F22F6A33DAFF72BA6A5739F16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9649DFB2352200260987CC0E0D579A53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="26F9813ED0BF8EA272194F2817D6852A" collectingDate="1931-07-12" collectorName="J. M. Valentine" country="Canada" county="Original" location="Right" municipality="Two" specimenCount="1932" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="0432E518BCE95706B9A758BFBDE71108" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<emphasis id="6D7D730C07CFE0C7E834A7E78478B63B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="801CC333DEB8BDA01DBDD2D27F3753D8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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male
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</emphasis>
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(USNM), glued to clear plastic point with bit of wax on pin below point.
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<location id="0DFD112A23425157B9E1D241AC3080FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD:0DFD112A23425157B9E1D241AC3080FC" country="Canada" county="Original" municipality="Two" name="Right">Right</location>
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metatibia and metatarsus missing.
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<location id="4EC3D4037731B36C7435F05C267E4146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23B0997091EF507281FB69E970E994CD:4EC3D4037731B36C7435F05C267E4146" country="Canada" county="Original" municipality="Two" name="Right">Right</location>
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antenna (except for scape and pedicel) and right protibia (except for base) and protarsus removed.
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<collectingMunicipality id="450E7659CF9B9F37E386BF2F2435CA56">Two</collectingMunicipality>
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plastic cards with blocks of
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<collectingCountry id="A3B2D31B5746788B57BE738A8B48B1DA" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
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balsam pinned beneath specimen, the top one containing genitalia and the bottom one containing the right antenna, protibia and protarsus.
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<collectingCounty id="26EAD17C1AFCA7EE2C2B2CFFCEE03966">Original</collectingCounty>
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labels (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C8E2715E2DB20E9716E705C0B28DD8F0" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labels of Horologion speokoites holotype, USNM." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
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):
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<normalizedToken id="4CCAE03637C32B4AA2A6654EAE005ED4" originalValue="“Arbuckle’s">"Arbuckle's</normalizedToken>
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Cave Maxwelton, W.Va.
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<collectingDate id="2688A7C5826A5BAF61C8913D31EA7EF4" value="1931-07-12">July 12 1931</collectingDate>
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<collectorName id="3E110340A35F33317F2834FD38B76C69">J.M. Valentine</collectorName>
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" "On bit of wet decaying wood, muddy floor of lower level" "
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<specimenCount id="7F2F326FFD021920A5D92A26ADE311CF" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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Type gen. Type sp. [red paper]" "U.S.N.M. TYPE 44255 [red paper]"
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<normalizedToken id="E7C6F092DD5DD959F245FCBD473BB7F1" originalValue="“23”">"23"</normalizedToken>
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"
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<taxonomicName id="9055345EC7B800F94D26D7626AB7D9AA" authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Horologion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horologion speokoites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speokoites">Horologion speokoites</taxonomicName>
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Valentine detVal.
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<specimenCount id="44275FF7753C92173B4D6ED74D52F7D8" type="generic">
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1932
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<typeStatus id="C81E31BB46C045683C61EDD4A0FB0DF0" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</specimenCount>
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[white label with red line drawn on each side]" "USNMENT [QR Code] 01374911".
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="87E2EE27DB39152ED6C898A8161A3E52" doi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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||
<paragraph id="1D839B3A312473C70BAE60045B9416B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="F43C2D5BCA5779F8A171B5D5E9E7E2D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Labels of
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<taxonomicName id="EFBC84492DDDA8E3F9F76EA85BE48FA5" authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Horologion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horologion speokoites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speokoites">
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<emphasis id="F281680DCEEBF7A41878DDE150407619" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horologion speokoites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="D22494F22CF25271508F5C997E946F41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, USNM.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2D40DD4AECDD72B6F76E34AAF4D12339" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="47648CA1EBA88D979EBDC22564EA59F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B32F805ADCAC646141AC192D990D8B06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The lone specimen of this species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="241E79696C0B7ABD923A15427586D6BC" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
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<emphasis id="F65BE09243609351F942EA947C82B66C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the following characters: the carinal shelf of the humerus is shorter and does not end in a prominent curved spine; the elytral disc is more convex, though not nearly as convex as in
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<bibRefCitation id="6D21A67C2EB9A6931526D6FE7E0460D4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" author="Valentine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B114" refString="Valentine, JM, 1932. Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" title="Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" volume="25" year="1932">
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<normalizedToken id="ACAD532B6703635C954A363F3DDE94AC" originalValue="Valentine’s">Valentine's</normalizedToken>
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(1932)
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</bibRefCitation>
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illustration (his fig. 2) of the lateral aspect (Suppl. material 3: fig. S2B); the two basal protarsomeres are not as strongly expanded and only the first is dentate on the inner margin, slightly so (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="3519BB60886496AD63C38D7E3918D40F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Protarsi of Horologion A H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect B H. hubbardi female paratype, dorsal aspect C H. speokoites male holotype, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi male holotype, ventral aspect E H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
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||
); the parameres are broader and bear more than three apical setae (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B737E998EA950CF1CB0609A9C4D919E2" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Genitalia of Horologion species A H. speokoites median lobe, left lateral aspect B H. speokoites left paramere, left lateral aspect C H. speokoites median lobe, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi median lobe, left lateral aspect E H. hubbardi left paramere, left lateral aspect F H. hubbardi median lobe, dorsal aspect G H. hubbardi right paramere, right lateral aspect H H. hubbardi female genitalia, ventral aspect A-C after Valentine (1932). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9B</figureCitation>
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); the median lobe is more strongly curved ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3E913F4067C3909154EEC07D7189A9F7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Genitalia of Horologion species A H. speokoites median lobe, left lateral aspect B H. speokoites left paramere, left lateral aspect C H. speokoites median lobe, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi median lobe, left lateral aspect E H. hubbardi left paramere, left lateral aspect F H. hubbardi median lobe, dorsal aspect G H. hubbardi right paramere, right lateral aspect H H. hubbardi female genitalia, ventral aspect A-C after Valentine (1932). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is slightly bent asymmetrically in dorsal aspect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="56C14212FB884944F963AA7F7FA182F7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Genitalia of Horologion species A H. speokoites median lobe, left lateral aspect B H. speokoites left paramere, left lateral aspect C H. speokoites median lobe, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi median lobe, left lateral aspect E H. hubbardi left paramere, left lateral aspect F H. hubbardi median lobe, dorsal aspect G H. hubbardi right paramere, right lateral aspect H H. hubbardi female genitalia, ventral aspect A-C after Valentine (1932). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
); and the flagellum has a distinct sinuation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F318E300DF18761EC522362B5D7791C2" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Genitalia of Horologion species A H. speokoites median lobe, left lateral aspect B H. speokoites left paramere, left lateral aspect C H. speokoites median lobe, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi median lobe, left lateral aspect E H. hubbardi left paramere, left lateral aspect F H. hubbardi median lobe, dorsal aspect G H. hubbardi right paramere, right lateral aspect H H. hubbardi female genitalia, ventral aspect A-C after Valentine (1932). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="58372856E304D48EDA5D63D2C80459A8" doi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF742C933639E12119BEA1AD2FFB0A07" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9528E8FE070A0A076B16917221D947D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Protarsi of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5745E73EBB9A9CD2F3A2C979462AFEAA" authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Horologion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horologion" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="092F001038A826F2830BD9C9D0F65FD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horologion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F1C952F86482F6139E67F238661E6126" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4F41AFDE85CE86035BA9D6FD7DD1666" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6E19665C3F66807CC280044EC7FFAF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male holotype, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="B56256FD425D98D7F881DFAD0EC98CD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F47AF0A64D387EDE3B09A4D6CD1F1B1E" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="902F02EA1C49C437E1279F0E194988EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female paratype, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="C6934B32169BC0C225CBC7EB52D433A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE8F57541AF41C82C7C919A3FCD9F573" lsidName="H. speokoites" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="speokoites">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D34A389D8652D602D3613ADF3C94F6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. speokoites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male holotype, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="C9DD2878842A5A1003A7E32BF6497295" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D91A0D48C01C2F2C490EFB67F2B0127" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B5CBFDE242910FA9858B4A40AE9C42C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male holotype, ventral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="A6CA22DA62C5A705AF6AC0655E9C6738" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6840164D8FCFD0DB422411AAE85AD21D" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D2F622E93ED1665E39B6BFB5324753E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male holotype, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9F8998683B5331365D59A94FC1B702B0" doi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB0374B8D70B52B4A2BF6B37DC10EBBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C473D74882CCDDAA2DAF674745E4A285" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0D25F8BDAEF9C12252F0FA38E7AFA6D" authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Horologion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horologion" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2253A2D20934FE98597F797457E1B5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horologion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis id="7D85818103C1B325CE9C017B434E827E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DC329D482070FEE728CAB53F11921C" lsidName="H. speokoites" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="speokoites">
|
||
<emphasis id="225AEF6EB1365E66A300F0A35253D26B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. speokoites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
median lobe, left lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="C6BF2BAC60C4F197A4C9F796A4FDFEC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECA53E7254B8D1D2C1B2E3C8E3C612A4" lsidName="H. speokoites" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="speokoites">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD26E7DC9E2C81E64D5175DBC5E366E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. speokoites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
left paramere, left lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="B9B5594B58B9A5D28D1F50312286458D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3680EC378770B33B84C5B3C0B2C74888" lsidName="H. speokoites" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="speokoites">
|
||
<emphasis id="5428120CA8B36D9E814898990E2FA66D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. speokoites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
median lobe, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="DA7ADBA8986C8A4D11B73D10D1401078" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="886B5666AD8DE96ECEEAC6D44313E6C4" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCC4BB7308687CF1D3469D8838866F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
median lobe, left lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="BC0053C9F08DDAAF4A07A4BF0B26A26B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42D43809E3B36B19850743119C8577E4" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC01043CCCEFC6D5C6B8039A66B46216" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
left paramere, left lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="B89ED2ED2C37476C5B21C6C951D057E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A863874312AAD05C1B5B5C260BAEFE" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F4DD56800210D4CF660B818E14EA54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
median lobe, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="94A9058AA7E3A117561D8276DD6F4E65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC599F168E964B5FF6585D4B73A0F21B" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="01245A4010F39214E3FB707DAD99ABF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
right paramere, right lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="DC3B4CD57075FAD7FD7D93473003367E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA757342E62F8AF5BED0DD9AF2C91635" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA3EB18EE06293B7AC432AFD90EDBB4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female genitalia, ventral aspect
|
||
<emphasis id="4B7C6C34FA5246921C722BA2916D9B15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0450FF5999D2C79EABCD446073B9119A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" author="Valentine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B114" refString="Valentine, JM, 1932. Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" title="Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" volume="25" year="1932">Valentine (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A2A989755EA4543CE1236C1590B0CBF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4A44DD816CABF5649F812001B613580" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4AD40974ADA9A80E571D2781A8DC4F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Our examination of the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7731C6801DB531B505FCEF88E000C067" lsidName="H. speokoites" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="speokoites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B715391EB0A678C1654373584D0C6818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. speokoites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that the specimen differs from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34C19687932229602F09DE7BC9AD7082" originalValue="Valentine’s">Valentine's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description and drawings in several important characters. The first protarsomere is asymmetrical and distinctly dentate on the inner margin, and the second is slightly asymmetrical though not dentate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4596C6A6ABFA828A3EB1D6E87BC8501" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Protarsi of Horologion A H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect B H. hubbardi female paratype, dorsal aspect C H. speokoites male holotype, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi male holotype, ventral aspect E H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The third protarsomere, which Valentine considered expanded, is the same shape as in female specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C2EE91FDFADD1F2422109D61EE29320" lsidName="H. hubbardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8920D42B54014FF3E549509E60641B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hubbardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5F54142C29077A58FB4BA3D48416E53" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Protarsi of Horologion A H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect B H. hubbardi female paratype, dorsal aspect C H. speokoites male holotype, dorsal aspect D H. hubbardi male holotype, ventral aspect E H. hubbardi male holotype, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.48.114404.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and should therefore not be considered modified. The right elytron bears a prominent discal seta in the third interval. At 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C0644D43DCEC9D1E95762A53ABB4D96B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
, using a Leica M125 stereoscope with strong diffuse light directed from the posterior of the specimen, both the pore at the base of the discal seta on the right elytron and the pore (without seta) on the left elytron were clearly visible, and both were located just posterior to the level of the fourth umbilicate puncture. The carinae that Valentine illustrated extending from the humeri onto the disc of the elytra do not exist; the disc in this region is smooth, and the humeral carinae end well before the level of the parascutellar setae. The plastic on which the genitalia are mounted in balsam is roughly textured, and the structures are heavily cleared. We were unable to study them in right lateral or dorsal aspects. The ventral margin of the median lobe appears to not be as strongly curved as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91DF8BE6A61DB546A4A2423BB659EE1D" originalValue="Valentine’s">Valentine's</normalizedToken>
|
||
drawing suggests, but due to the condition of the preparation and the fact that the parameres are still attached, we are unable to discern the true shape of the median lobe. Our examination of the specimen also confirms
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8E8940629B29FC37F7C32843B7B4CBE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" author="Valentine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B114" refString="Valentine, JM, 1932. Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" title="Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" volume="25" year="1932">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EA7358ECB94F9A81FF2566AC4FA5F886" originalValue="Valentine’s">Valentine's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1932)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original report of the collection date; in the literature, the year of the collection has been variously reported as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DED8332B62622058178F8804D486420F" originalValue="“1931”">"1931"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E670185BCF7F5B8CE9FF0E3544B8DB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" author="Valentine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B114" refString="Valentine, JM, 1932. Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" title="Horologion, a New Genus of Cave Beetles." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/25.1.1" volume="25" year="1932">Valentine 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32E6D620744BAB1C379D91810827D314" originalValue="“1930”">"1930"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C830D48F4B2338B355E71C36E90581E5" author="Barr, Jr TC" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Barr, Jr TC, 1994. Obituary. J. Manson Valentine. NSS News 52: 355." title="Obituary. J. Manson Valentine. NSS News 52: 355." year="1994">Barr 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5A3933BB04CF14F97D28FE780F26684C" originalValue="“1938”">"1938"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B59F155209E147C1D30CCD2FD410B2C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00039-6" author="Culver, DC" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B23" refString="Culver, DC, Brancelj, A, Pipan, T, 2012. Epikarst communities. In: Encyclopedia of Caves. Academic Press, 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00039-6" title="Epikarst communities. In: Encyclopedia of Caves. Academic Press, 288 - 295." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00039-6" year="2012">Culver et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |