228 lines
30 KiB
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228 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9BC54EE96C43E395419F17E6E6381096">A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Spirostreptus Brandt 1833 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) with descriptions of a new species and a new genus of spirostreptid millipede</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59976DA0066248670478EC935DE7D4C0">Mwabvu, Tarombera</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7933F7FBA80DA00BF027C3ADFA8ABC50">Hamer, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB4632474185673FEDDA02A5C4C47186">Slotow, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="21991A4A1BA2A5BEFE8EF0B902B05F2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="137D7630A329DB3FFF56E9A4FC09FAF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:137D7630A329DB3FFF56E9A4FC09FAF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/137D7630A329DB3FFF56E9A4FC09FAF4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="C023704AA329DB3EFF56E9A4FDD0F940" bold="true" box="[151,560,1672,1699]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFF56E9A4FDD0F940" bold="true" box="[151,560,1672,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFF2FE9A5FDD0F940" ID-CoL="7Q2ML" authority="Brandt 1833" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1833" box="[238,560,1672,1699]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFF2FE9A5FE6EF941" bold="true" box="[238,398,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spirostreptus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFE54E9A4FDD0F940" author="Brandt" box="[405,560,1672,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1833) Tentaminum quorundam monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognathi Latreillii spectantium prodromus. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 6, 194 - 209." type="journal article" year="1833">Brandt 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3CE94ADA329DB3EFF56E9E3FF1CF867" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9B6BC726A329DB3EFF56E9E3FC4CF8C7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1742,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFF56E9E3FE51F907" ID-CoL="7Q2ML" authority="Brandt 1833" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,433,1742,1766]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFF56E9E3FEC3F904" box="[151,291,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spirostreptus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFEEBE9E2FE51F907" author="Brandt" box="[298,433,1742,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1833) Tentaminum quorundam monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognathi Latreillii spectantium prodromus. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 6, 194 - 209." type="journal article" year="1833">Brandt 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 203 (
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<typeStatus id="446F7984A329DB3EFDCCE9E2FDDCF907" box="[525,572,1742,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFD5EE9E3FC1DF907" ID-CoL="4Z8WQ" authority="Brandt 1833" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1833" box="[671,1021,1742,1766]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sebae">
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<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFD5EE9E3FC8EF904" box="[671,878,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spirostreptus sebae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFCB7E9E2FC1DF907" author="Brandt" box="[886,1021,1742,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1833) Tentaminum quorundam monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognathi Latreillii spectantium prodromus. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 6, 194 - 209." type="journal article" year="1833">Brandt 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFA86E9E2FF1FF8E7" author="Pocock" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1894) Chilopoda Symphyla and Diplopoda from the Malay Archipelago. Pp. 307 - 404. In: Weber M. (ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 3. E. J. Brill, Leiden." type="journal article" year="1894">Pocock, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 388);
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<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFEA7E9C3FD32F8E7" ID-CoL="7Q2ML" authority="Attems 1914" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1914" box="[358,722,1774,1798]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFEA7E9C3FE12F8E4" box="[358,498,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spirostreptus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFDC3E9C2FD6EF8E7" author="Attems" box="[514,654,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Attems, C. (1914) Afrikanische Spirostreptiden nebst Ueberblick uber die Spirostreptiden orbis terrarum. Zoologica, 25 (65 / 66), 1 - 233." type="journal article" year="1914">Attems 1914</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFD5BE9C2FD32F8E7" author="Attems" box="[666,722,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Attems, C. (1928) The Myriapoda of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 26, 1 - 431." type="journal article" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFD1EE9C2FC9EF8E7" author="Hoffman" box="[735,894,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1965) A new species in the diplopod genus Archispirostreptus from south western Arabia. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 3 (51), 17 - 23." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFC4BE9C2FC22F8E7" author="Hoffman" box="[906,962,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1979) Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneve: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 237 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFC0FE9C2FBE7F8E7" author="Hoffman" box="[974,1031,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (2008) Two new genera of spirostreptid millipeds from central Africa, with revised terminology for male gonopod structures (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida). Tropical Zoology, 21 (2), 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFBD2E9C2FB42F8E7" author="Krabbe" box="[1043,1186,1774,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Krabbe, E. (1982) Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, 476 pp." type="book" year="1982">Krabbe 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFB6FE9C2FF1FF8C7" author="Golovatch" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Golovatch, S. I. & Hoffman, R. L. (2000) On the diplopod taxa and type material of J. F. Brandt, with some new descriptions and identities (Diplopoda). Pp. 229 - 249. In: Wytwer, J. & Golovatch, S. (Eds.), Progress in Studies on Myriapoda and Onychophora. Fragmenta Faunistica, 43 (Supplement)." type="journal volume" year="2000">Golovatch & Hoffman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFEC8E822FE70F8C7" author="Hamer" box="[265,400,1806,1829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Hamer, M. (1998) Checklist of Southern African millipedes. Annals of the Natal Museum, 39, 11 - 82." type="journal article" year="1998">Hamer 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFE5AE822FE33F8C7" author="Hamer" box="[411,467,1806,1829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Hamer, M. L. (1999) An illustrated key to the spirostreptidan (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida) genera of Southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 40, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFE1FE822FD57F8C7" author="Hoffman" box="[478,695,1806,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L., Golovatch, S. I. & Hamer, M. (2001) Identities of millipede genera Spirostreptus Brandt, 1833 and Spiropoeus Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae). Myriapodologica, 7 (5), 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Hoffman
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||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFD85E823FD91F8C4" box="[580,625,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFD03E822FC8DF8C7" author="Mwabvu" box="[706,877,1806,1829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Mwabvu, T. (2005 b) The density and distribution of millipedes on termite mounds in miombo woodland, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology, 43 (4), 400 - 402." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Mwabvu 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFCB6E822FC4CF8C7" author="Mwabvu" box="[887,940,1806,1829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Mwabvu, T. (2006) Spirostreptid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) of urban and peri-urban habitats in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology, 45 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B6BC726A329DB3EFF56E803FF1CF867" blockId="2.[151,1436,1742,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFF56E803FE37F8A7" ID-CoL="b683b7ee-ceea-4e63-8d8d-d00896a28b07" authority="Attems 1914" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,471,1838,1862]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Triaenostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFF56E803FEDDF8A4" box="[151,317,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Triaenostreptus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFE89E802FE37F8A7" author="Attems" box="[328,471,1838,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Attems, C. (1914) Afrikanische Spirostreptiden nebst Ueberblick uber die Spirostreptiden orbis terrarum. Zoologica, 25 (65 / 66), 1 - 233." type="journal article" year="1914">Attems 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 149 (
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<typeStatus id="446F7984A329DB3EFDFFE802FD8DF8A7" box="[574,621,1838,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
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species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A329DB3EFD0EE803FBABF8A7" ID-CoL="4Z8XW" authority="Attems 1909" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1909" box="[719,1099,1838,1862]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFD0EE803FC52F8A4" box="[719,946,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spirostreptus triodus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFC7DE802FBABF8A7" author="Attems" box="[956,1099,1838,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Attems, C. (1909) Myriapoda. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika, ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. Denkschriften der medizinischnaturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 14, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1909">Attems 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFF06E862FEB0F887" author="Jeekel" box="[199,336,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (1970) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, 5, xii + 412 pp." type="book" year="1970">Jeekel, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 139);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFE77E862FDA4F887" author="Attems" box="[438,580,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Attems, C. (1928) The Myriapoda of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 26, 1 - 431." type="journal article" year="1928">Attems 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFD8EE862FC9BF887" author="Golovatch" box="[591,891,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L., Golovatch, S. I. & Hamer, M. (2001) Identities of millipede genera Spirostreptus Brandt, 1833 and Spiropoeus Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae). Myriapodologica, 7 (5), 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="2001">Golovatch & Hoffman 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFC47E862FBC5F887" author="Hoffman" box="[902,1061,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1971) Studies on spirostreptid millipedes. X. Some taxonomic notes on the tribe Triaenostreptini, specific and generic synonomy, and a new species of Triaenostreptus. Revue de Zooogie et de Botanique Africaines, 83 (3 - 4), 207 - 225." type="journal article" year="1971">Hoffman 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFBF0E862FB89F887" author="Hoffman" box="[1073,1129,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1979) Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneve: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 237 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFBB4E862FB4EF887" author="Hoffman" box="[1141,1198,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (2008) Two new genera of spirostreptid millipeds from central Africa, with revised terminology for male gonopod structures (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida). Tropical Zoology, 21 (2), 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFB78E862FAA8F887" author="Krabbe" box="[1209,1352,1870,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Krabbe, E. (1982) Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, 476 pp." type="book" year="1982">Krabbe 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A329DB3EFA92E862FF1CF867" author="Hamer" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Hamer, M. (1998) Checklist of Southern African millipedes. Annals of the Natal Museum, 39, 11 - 82." type="journal article" year="1998">Hamer 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3CE94ADA329DB3FFF56E899FE44FC03" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A329DB3EFF56E899FC89F814" blockId="2.[151,1436,1973,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A329DB3EFF56E899FEFFF82D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1973,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Large spirostreptid millipedes, body length
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A329DB3EFC85E899FC0AF82D" box="[836,1002,1973,1999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="1.6199999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="253.0" valueMax="344.0" valueMin="162.0">162–344 mm</quantity>
|
||
; antennae
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A329DB3EFBADE899FB05F82D" box="[1132,1253,1973,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
; minimum and maximum body width
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A329DB3EFE60E8F0FDF1F814" box="[417,529,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A329DB3EFD88E8F0FD2AF814" box="[585,714,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="11.0">11–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EFB4FCA7FF50" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" box="[197,839,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Prozonite
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A328DB3FFEFDEFB4FE7DFF50" box="[316,413,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and metazonite
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A328DB3FFD5FEFB4FD1FFF50" box="[670,767,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EF92FDC1FF3A" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" box="[197,545,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Number of body rings 60–73.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EFC9FBF8FF1D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" box="[197,1048,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Three separate sclerites form the prebasilar plate of the gnathochilarium.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EE20FF39FEAE" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Collum with an anterior lobe, black or dark brown in colour, with 2–5 complete folds and 0–7 incomplete folds.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EE75FE22FE78" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Body black or brown in colour. Legs, antennae and anal valve colour generally lighter shades of body colour, often light brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EE85FA75FE21" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" box="[197,1429,422,451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Prozonite yellowish to brown; metazonite with one row of sagilla. Ozopores begin on 5th or 6th body ring.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EEFCFB4AFDF3" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Gonopod
|
||
<quantity id="5C2C6AC3A328DB3FFEFBEEFCFE7DFE08" box="[314,413,464,490]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; sternite triangular; paracoxite fused tightly to the metaplica, apically horizontal. Telocoxites approximately parallel to each other, medial edge straight and close together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04ED31FC4DFDBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Proplica approximately 2/3 of gonopod length; proplica broad sub-apically, setose apically. Proplica with a central groove flanked by sharply raised lateral and medial edges.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04ED46FCB0FD49" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Thumb-like lateral lobe present between the distal telocoxite lobe and apical proplica, lateral lobe directed towards paracoxite at an angle to lateral edge of distal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04ED94FF0EFD1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Distal telocoxite enlarged and laterally produced into rounded golf club-shaped lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="03EFDBA3A328DB3FFB7AED94FAE3FD30" box="[1211,1283,696,722]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,209,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1314]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spirostreptus heros (NMSA 20495). a, oral view of gonopods; b, aboral view of gonopods; c, oral view of prefemoral lobe of first pair of male legs; d, lateral view of collum. Abbreviations: p, proplica; m, metaplica; llb, lateral lobe; dl, distal lobe; d, depression; tp, telopodite; at, antetorsal process; pc, paracoxite; st, sternite; cf, collum fold; al, anterior lobe; pfl, prefemoral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EC29FF11FCA4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Metaplica with a small window through which part of pre-knee telopodite is visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="03EFDBA3A328DB3FFB75EC29FB1CFCFD" box="[1204,1276,773,799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,209,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1314]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spirostreptus heros (NMSA 20495). a, oral view of gonopods; b, aboral view of gonopods; c, oral view of prefemoral lobe of first pair of male legs; d, lateral view of collum. Abbreviations: p, proplica; m, metaplica; llb, lateral lobe; dl, distal lobe; d, depression; tp, telopodite; at, antetorsal process; pc, paracoxite; st, sternite; cf, collum fold; al, anterior lobe; pfl, prefemoral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EC7EFE44FC03" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Telopodite knee and origin of antetorsal process concealed under apex of proplica. Antetorsal process tapering; post knee telopodite coils or spirals proximally, becoming lamellate before narrowing distally into a long thin extension with a trifurcate ending. Antetorsal process straight, S-shaped or crescent-shaped, with terminal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="03EFDBA3A328DB3FFE8CECEBFE75FC03" box="[333,405,967,993]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[191,1393,187,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[185,1407,185,1483]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Shape of antetorsal process of the telopodites of Spirostreptus species. a, S. heros; b, S. kruegeri; c, S. sebae; d, S. unciger; e, S. batokensis; f, S. tripartitus. Abbreviations: tp, telopodite; tk, telopodite knee; at, antetorsal process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3CE94ADA328DB3FFF04ECC1FC9AFBCC" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04ECC1FC9AFBCC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A328DB3FFF04ECC1FE97FBE5" bold="true" box="[197,375,1005,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from southern Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFCC4ECC1FC88FBE5" box="[773,872,1005,1031]" name="Angola" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFCB7ECC1FC16FBE5" box="[886,1014,1005,1031]" name="Botswana" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFBC5ECC1FA77FBE5" box="[1028,1431,1005,1031]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFF56EB38FED5FBCC" box="[151,309,1044,1070]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFE81EB38FE48FBCC" box="[320,424,1044,1070]" name="Namibia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFE75EB38FDADFBCC" box="[436,589,1044,1070]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFD98EB38FD53FBCC" box="[601,691,1044,1070]" name="Zambia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3C387B6A328DB3FFD2AEB38FC8EFBCC" box="[747,878,1044,1070]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3CE94ADA328DB3FFF04EB16FC09FAF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EB16FB56FB40" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A328DB3FFF04EB16FED5FBB6" bold="true" box="[197,309,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Remark:</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF45BAD7A328DB3FFE73EB16FD91FBB6" author="Hoffman" box="[434,625,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (2008) Two new genera of spirostreptid millipeds from central Africa, with revised terminology for male gonopod structures (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida). Tropical Zoology, 21 (2), 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="2008">Hoffman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not use the presence of the distal lobe and the slanting digitiform lateral lobe to define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD4BCA5A328DB3FFE51EB4DFDCAFB98" box="[400,554,1121,1146]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirostreptidae" genus="Spirostreptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A01B34A328DB3FFE51EB4DFDCAFB98" box="[400,554,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Spirostreptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his key to the genera of Spirostreptini, we think that these characters are taxonomically more informative at the genus level than the form of the antetorsal process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B6BC726A328DB3FFF04EB83FC09FAF4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">The distribution of the genus shows large gaps even in habitats similar to those from which the genus is known. These gaps are mainly in less accessible regions which suggest that current understanding of the distribution is a result of collecting bias rather than a true fragmentation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |