290 lines
34 KiB
XML
290 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B7DEDD21FC8503A4EAB16FA9829003E5">Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C23987DDFFF32937FEA7FEC0EB65BBCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11505089" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232155333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11505089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23987DDFFF32937FEA7FEC0EB65BBCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23987DDFFF32937FEA7FEC0EB65BBCD" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="028A6540FFF32937FEA7FEC0EC5CBC10" box="[312,600,356,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FEA7FEC0EC5CBC10" blockId="11.[312,600,356,384]" box="[312,600,356,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FEA7FEC0EC5CBC10" ID-CoL="7PD6K" authority="CLARK, 1925" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[312,600,356,384]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FEA7FEC0EFC0BCEF" box="[312,452,356,384]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">PORTERIUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FE55FEC3EC5CBC10" author="Clark, B. L." box="[458,600,359,383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 136" refId="ref28111" refString="Clark, B. L. 1925. Pelecypoda from the marine Oligocene of western North America. University of California Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (4): 69 - 136, pls. 8 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">CLARK, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="028A6540FFF32937FF0FFE3DECC6BE3B" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FF0FFE3DEC00BF72" blockId="11.[112,800,407,541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF0FFE3DEF38BCDD" bold="true" box="[144,316,408,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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||
<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FF0FFE3DEED7BCDC" box="[144,211,409,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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||
—By original designation,
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FD1AFE33EFBDBCB9" authority="Van Winkle (1918)" authorityName="Van Winkle" authorityYear="1918" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Barbatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="andersoni">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FD1AFE33EECEBCB8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barbatia andersoni</emphasis>
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Van Winkle (1918)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Upper Eocene Lincoln Creek Formation,
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<collectingRegion id="8854F829FFF32937FE95FE7BEFA1BC96" box="[266,421,479,505]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Washington</collectingRegion>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FE52FE7AEEC3BF72" authority="Dickerson (1917)" authorityName="Dickerson" authorityYear="1917" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Barbatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gabbi">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FE52FE7AEC96BC93" box="[461,658,478,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barbatia gabbi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FD03FE7BEEC3BF72" author="Dickerson, R. E." pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="157 - 192" refId="ref29390" refString="Dickerson, R. E. 1917. Climate and its influence upon the Ologicene faunas of the Pacific Coast with descritpions of some new spe- cies from the Molopophorus lincolnensis Zone. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 7 (6): 157 - 192, pls. 27 - 31." type="journal article" year="1917">Dickerson (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Gries Ranch Formation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FFEFFD94EF97BFEB" blockId="11.[112,729,560,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FFEFFD94EC31BF25" authority="Arkell (1930 a)" authorityName="Arkell" authorityYear="1930" box="[112,565,560,588]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Pseudogrammatodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FFEFFD94EF72BF23" box="[112,374,560,588]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pseudogrammatodon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FEE2FD94EC31BF25" author="Arkell, W. J." box="[381,565,560,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="297 - 310" refId="ref27012" refString="Arkell, W. J. 1930 a. The generic position and phylogeny of some Jurassic Arcidae 1 - 5. Geologial Magazine 67 (8): 297 - 310, figs. 6 - 14, pls. 14 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Arkell (1930a)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. p. 307.
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<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FD04FD94ECDDBF25" box="[667,729,560,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FE9BFDE8ECBFBF07" authority="Deshayes (1860)" authorityName="Deshayes" authorityYear="1860" box="[260,699,588,616]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Arca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adversidenta">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FE9BFDE8EFE5BF07" box="[260,481,588,616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Arca adversidenta</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FE77FDE9ECBFBF07" author="Deshayes, G. P." box="[488,699,589,616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" refId="ref29227" refString="Deshayes, G. P. 1860. Description des Animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le basin de Paris. V. 1, 912 pp, 87 pls. Bailliere, Paris." type="book" year="1860">Deshayes (1860)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, Eocene, Paris Basin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FFEFFD3CEC55BF83" blockId="11.[112,792,664,749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FFEFFD3CEF63BFDB" box="[112,359,664,692]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">?Notogrammatodon</emphasis>
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Maxwell (1966). p. 439–441.
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||
<materialsCitation id="FAF83C96FFF32937FD45FD3CEC49BF83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873742310" country="New Zealand" location="Eocene" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1">
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||
<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FD45FD3CED1CBFDD" box="[730,792,664,690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FE9BFD11EF31BF82" ID-CoL="7SV2R" authorityName="P. A. Maxwell" authorityYear="1966" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Pseudogrammatodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inexpectatus" subGenus="Notogrammatodon">
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||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FE9BFD11EF31BF82" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pseudogrammatodon (Notogrammatodon) inexpectatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<location id="4F4F6010FFF32937FEDEFD77EF99BF82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23987DDFFF32937FEA7FEC0EB65BBCD:4F4F6010FFF32937FEDEFD77EF99BF82" box="[321,413,723,749]" country="New Zealand" name="Eocene" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Eocene</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="3287765BFFF32937FE37FD77EC49BF83" box="[424,589,722,749]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FFEFFCA4ECC6BE3B" blockId="11.[112,779,767,853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FFE3FCA4EFF0BE75" ID-CoL="7PGX2" authority="Berezovsky (2014)" authorityName="Berezovsky" authorityYear="2014" box="[124,500,768,796]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Siptionella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FFE3FCA4EEFABE73" box="[124,254,768,796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Siptionella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FE9AFCA4EFF0BE75" author="Berezovsky, A. A." box="[261,500,768,794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="451 - 456" refId="ref27445" refString="Berezovsky, A. A. 2014. Siptionella, a new bivalve genus of Parallelodontidae from the upper Eocene of Ukraine. Palaeontological Journal 48 (5): 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="2014">Berezovsky (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. p. 451–452.
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<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FD06FCA4ECD3BE75" box="[665,727,768,794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FE9BFCB9EFF3BE57" ID-CoL="4XQP6" baseAuthorityName="Berezovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[260,503,796,825]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Siptionella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="prompta">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FE9BFCB9EFF3BE57" box="[260,503,796,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Siptionella prompta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FD96FCB9ECE0BE58" author="Berezovsky, A. A." box="[521,740,797,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="9 - 16" refId="ref27421" refString="Berezovsky, A. A. 2002. New bivalves from the Paleogene of Ukraine, Paleotolological Journal 4: 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="2002">Berezovsky, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
, as
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<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FF04FC9DEF8CBE3A" ID-CoL="77VHW" authorityName="Berezovsky" authorityYear="2002" box="[155,392,825,853]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="promptus">
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<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF04FC9DEF8CBE3A" box="[155,392,825,853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius promptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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), upper Eocene,
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<collectingCountry id="3287765BFFF32937FDC7FC9EECBABE3B" box="[600,702,826,852]" name="Ukraine" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="028A6540FFF32937FF0FFCC9EF27B864" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FF0FFCC9EF27B864" blockId="11.[112,800,876,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF0FFCC9EFB3BEE8" bold="true" box="[144,439,877,903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Differential Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FE4BFCC8EC41BEE7" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[468,581,876,904]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FE4BFCC8EC41BEE7" box="[468,581,876,904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is uniquely characterized by a combination of derived arcid shell shape and sculpture typical of species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FDB6FC16EC92BEA1" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[553,662,946,974]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Barbatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FDB6FC16EC92BEA1" box="[553,662,946,974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barbatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and parallelodontid hinge features that include elongate posterior hinge teeth parallel to the hinge line and separated by an edentulous gap from a series of short, diagonal anterior teeth. The edentulous gap widens during ontogeny as the ligament overgrows the hingeline. The posterior-most teeth in the series are short and chevron shaped and the anteriormost tooth is longer and subparallel to the hingeline. Anterior and posterior teeth are finely striate as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FF2FFB4BEF19B864" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[176,285,1263,1291]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Barbatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF2FFB4BEF19B864" box="[176,285,1263,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barbatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="028A6540FFF32937FF0FFAB0EB65BBCD" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FF0FFAB0EFBCBA51" blockId="11.[112,800,876,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF0FFAB0EF2EB841" bold="true" box="[144,298,1300,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
—When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FE3EFAB0EC54B841" author="Clark, B. L." box="[417,592,1300,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 136" refId="ref28111" refString="Clark, B. L. 1925. Pelecypoda from the marine Oligocene of western North America. University of California Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (4): 69 - 136, pls. 8 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">Clark (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FF5EFA92EF36B83D" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[193,306,1334,1362]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF5EFA92EF36B83D" box="[193,306,1334,1362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FD99FA92EF3AB81A" authority="Meek and Worthen (1866)" authorityName="Meek and Worthen" authorityYear="1866" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Parallelodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FD99FA92ECA6B83D" box="[518,674,1334,1362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Parallelodon</emphasis>
|
||
Meek and Worthen (1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he had limited material and believed that the hinge was “almost if not quite identical” with that of species of the Ordovician to Jurassic parallelodontids, but distict in having the shell form of younger arcids of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FF6BFA42EF65BB6D" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[244,353,1510,1538]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Barbatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF6BFA42EF65BB6D" box="[244,353,1510,1538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barbatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Clark’s original description and illustrations were an inadequate basis for evaluating the name, and its subsequently contorted history reflects a combination of factors. Most importantly, more than 18 authors who have speculated on the allocation and relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FED7F932EFB9BBDD" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[328,445,1686,1714]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FED7F932EFB9BBDD" box="[328,445,1686,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have done so based on an inadequate description and without examining fossil specimens. Full review of this confused literature on arcoid relationships is beyond the scope of this treatment, but a few examples follow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FF0FF8E3EDB3BFCA" blockId="11.[112,800,876,1926]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1520,195,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Stewart (1930, p. 68) stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FDCFF8E1ECC1BA0E" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[592,709,1861,1889]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FDCFF8E1ECC1BA0E" box="[592,709,1861,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FF43F8CEEF5FBAE9" authority="Deshayes (1829)" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1869" box="[220,347,1898,1926]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Cucullaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FF43F8CEEF5FBAE9" box="[220,347,1898,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Cucullaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FEF0F8CDEC43BAEB" author="Deshayes, G. P." box="[367,583,1897,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="161 - 240" refId="ref29186" refString="Deshayes, G. P. 1829. Description des coquilles fossils des environs de Paris. Tome. I. Livraisons 14 - 16, pp. 161 - 240. Atlas I, pls. 27 - 36." type="journal article" year="1829">Deshayes (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Reinhart (1935, p. 7) suggested that “careful comparison may show that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FCDFFF42EA42BC6D" authorityName="Arkell" authorityYear="1930" box="[832,1094,230,258]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Pseudogrammatodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCDFFF42EA42BC6D" box="[832,1094,230,258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pseudogrammatodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is to be considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FCDFFEA3EDB5BC4C" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[832,945,263,291]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCDFFEA3EDB5BC4C" box="[832,945,263,291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FC57FEACEB4CBC4C" author="Glibert, M. & L. Van de Poel" box="[968,1352,264,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref30090" refString="Glibert, M., and L. Van de Poel. 1965. Les Bivalvia fossils du Cenozoique etranger. Memoires Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 77: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1965">Glibert and van de Poel (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48) questioned the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FBDEFE8DEAB5BC2A" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[1089,1201,297,325]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FBDEFE8DEAB5BC2A" box="[1089,1201,297,325]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it seemed closely similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FC70FEEBEA22BC06" box="[1007,1062,335,361]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of the Paris Basin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FA8FFEEAED93BCE3" authority="Conrad (1869)" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1869" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Cucullaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FA8FFEEAEB8ABC05" box="[1296,1422,334,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Cucullaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FA0AFEEAED93BCE3" author="Conrad, T. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="96 - 103" refId="ref28359" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1869. Descriptions of new fossil Mollusca, principally Cretaceous. American Journal of Conchology 5: 96 - 103, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1869">Conrad (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FC3EFED5EA67BCE4" author="Heinberg, C." box="[929,1123,369,395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="105 - 116" refId="ref30755" refString="Heinberg, C. 1979. Bivalves from the white chalk (Maastrichtian) of Denmark: II. Arcoida. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 27: 105 - 116." type="journal article" year="1979">Heinberg (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 116) expressed similar doubt about validity. Maxwell (1966) proposed the name
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FA5BFE37EA0CBCBB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Notogrammatodon</emphasis>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FB7BFE1CEBEEBCBB" box="[1252,1514,440,468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Psuedogrammatodon</emphasis>
|
||
, allocating both to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FBBAFE7FEA81BC9A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1809" box="[1061,1157,475,501]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Arcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?). He stated that “the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FC04FE59EA08BF76" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[923,1036,509,537]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FC04FE59EA08BF76" box="[923,1036,509,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FBD4FE5AEB56BF75" box="[1099,1362,510,538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pseudogrammatadon</emphasis>
|
||
is in doubt”, but he noted that his knowledge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FB68FD84EB6CBF53" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[1271,1384,544,572]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FB68FD84EB6CBF53" box="[1271,1384,544,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based exclusively on Clark’s description and figures.
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FAF4FDE1EDAABFED" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Notogrammatodon</emphasis>
|
||
is treated here as a questionable synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FCDFFD2DEDB5BFCA" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[832,945,649,677]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCDFFD2DEDB5BFCA" box="[832,945,649,677]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FCFFFD0AEB92B870" blockId="11.[832,1520,195,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FCFFFD0AEA4CBFA6" author="Berezovsky, A. A." box="[864,1096,686,713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="451 - 456" refId="ref27445" refString="Berezovsky, A. A. 2014. Siptionella, a new bivalve genus of Parallelodontidae from the upper Eocene of Ukraine. Palaeontological Journal 48 (5): 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="2014">Berezovsky (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FAE1FD0AED53BF83" authorityName="Berezovsky" authorityYear="2014" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Siptionella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FAE1FD0AED53BF83" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Siptionella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate a species previously described under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FCDFFD57EDAABE60" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[832,942,755,783]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCDFFD57EDAABE60" box="[832,942,755,783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However alleged differences in the hinge based exclusively on Clark’s original description are difficult to evaluate and it is here questionably treated as a synonym. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FC23FCFAEAC5BE16" author="Berezovsky, A. A." box="[956,1217,862,889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="987 - 1099" refId="ref27479" refString="Berezovsky, A. A. 2015. Upper Eocene bivalves from Dnepropetrovisk, Ukraine: Nuculida and Arcida. Palaeontological Journal 49 (9): 987 - 1099." type="journal article" year="2015">Berezovsky’s (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
generic assignments of Paris Basin Eocene arcoid species were based on examination of “well-preserved valves” provided by a colleague in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3287765BFFF32937FCFCFC6CEA36BE8D" box="[867,1074,968,994]" name="Netherlands" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the possibility for error is always present in material that has not been compared directly with primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FC74FBABEA35B946" box="[1003,1073,1039,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. This same potential for error exists in the Cloez Collection in the Museum of Paleontology at Berkeley, although misidentifications are minimized by indications that “identifications of many or all of the species in the collection were either made by or checked by Cossmann” (Peck 1957). For differences between the hinge plates and teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FB15FB44EAFFB993" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1925" box="[1162,1275,1248,1276]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Porterius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FB15FB44EAFFB993" box="[1162,1275,1248,1276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Porterius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FAA1FB46EBB9B991" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1869" box="[1342,1469,1250,1278]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Cucullaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FAA1FB46EBB9B991" box="[1342,1469,1250,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Cucullaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see treatments and illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E014B3AFFF32937FB5CFAA0EB95B870" author="Hickman, C. S." box="[1219,1425,1284,1311]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="25" refId="ref31301" refString="Hickman, C. S. 2021. Arcoid bivalve biodiversity during Eocene doubthouse cooling: Contrasting the active Cascadia Margin coldspot with the intracratonic Paris Basin hotspot. PaleoBios 38: 25." type="journal article" year="2021">Hickman (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FCFFFA8CEB98BB7A" blockId="11.[832,1520,195,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The possibility of living deep-sea parallelodontids persisting in disguise as arcoids has been expressed by Morton (1982, p. 280), who noted the retention of three elongate posterior teeth parallel to the hinge in the living genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FC12FA11EABEB8A0" authority="Kobelt (1891)" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[909,1210,1460,1489]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Bathyarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FC12FA11EA0EB8BE" box="[909,1034,1461,1489]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bathyarca</emphasis>
|
||
Kobelt (1891)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As noted above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FA19FA11ED58B89D" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Bathyarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FA19FA11ED58B89D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bathyarca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D904D48FFF32937FC0BFA72EB3CB89D" authority="Verrill and Bush (1898)" authorityName="Verrill and Bush" authorityYear="1898" box="[916,1336,1494,1522]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Bentharca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FC0BFA72EA17B89D" box="[916,1043,1494,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bentharca</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill and Bush (1898)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are candidates for scrutiny as living parallelodontid derivatives.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FCFFF9BAED82BB34" blockId="11.[832,1520,195,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCFFF9BAEA75BB57" bold="true" box="[864,1137,1566,1592]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Stratigraphic Range</emphasis>
|
||
—lower–upper Eocene;
|
||
<typeStatus id="952B8869FFF32937FA35F9BAEBF4BB56" box="[1450,1520,1566,1593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holocene</typeStatus>
|
||
?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2F36CBFFF32937FCFFF9C0EB65BBCD" blockId="11.[832,1520,195,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E4EAD9FFF32937FCFFF9C0EA98BB10" bold="true" box="[864,1180,1636,1663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Geographic occurrences</emphasis>
|
||
—Washington, Oregon, California, Paris Basin,?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3287765BFFF32937FBA5F92CEAA4BBCD" box="[1082,1184,1672,1698]" name="Ukraine" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3287765BFFF32937FB29F92CEB59BBCD" box="[1206,1373,1672,1698]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |