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<document id="0332C92F6D40B88FD5831917E2306F5F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280590" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35f6ecad-68d3-44cb-9183-d1c9617c2c57" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280590" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460462301487" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cárdenas, Paco &amp; Rapp, Hans Tore" docDate="2012" docId="A61787B7DC49FF95FF33F9B4FA3FFA9F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03253p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3253" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thenea abyssorum Koltun 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="5A2EFFCFDC69FFB6FFA4FFC9FFB8FFE8" masterDocTitle="A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698304409925" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D4C6C672CB47231DEEAF1A589401A06D">A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DAC6C4E659599E562F713DCE49470F1">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA43CE240A269EB46031BE32BECA2A99">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D38C92CA53CD6ACF9596DE17AD42CA6A">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A61787B7DC49FF95FF33F9B4FA3FFA9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6166253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A61787B7DC49FF95FF33F9B4FA3FFA9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A61787B7DC49FF95FF33F9B4FA3FFA9F" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC49FF96FF33F9B4FEB2F915" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF33F9B4FD9CF97F" blockId="32.[151,548,1661,1719]" box="[151,548,1661,1687]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="754981CDDC49FF96FF33F9B4FD9CF97F" bold="true" box="[151,548,1661,1687]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC49FF96FF33F9B4FD9CF97F" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,548,1661,1687]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F9B4FD9CF97F" bold="true" box="[151,548,1661,1687]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F9B4FEC3F97F" bold="true" box="[151,379,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thenea abyssorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FE27F9B4FD9CF97F" author="Koltun" box="[387,548,1661,1687]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges (Porifera) collected in the Greenland seas and from the region to the north of the Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land, from expeditions of the ' F. Litke' 1955, ' Obb' 1956 and ' Lena' 1957 and 1958. Scientific results of the high- latitudes Oceanographic Expeditions to the northern part of the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin between 1955 - 1958. Trudy Arkticheskogo i antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta, 259, 143 - 166." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF33F956FEC7F95F" blockId="32.[151,548,1661,1719]" box="[151,383,1695,1719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
(
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC49FF96FF3AF956FEA1F95F" box="[158,281,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figures 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC49FF96FE81F956FE87F95F" box="[293,319,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">18</figureCitation>
A–B)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF33F921FEB2F915" blockId="32.[151,1435,1768,1912]" box="[151,266,1768,1789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Synonymy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC49FF96FF33F8CEFE61F890" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF33F8CEFA23F8D3" blockId="32.[151,1435,1768,1912]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC49FF96FF33F8CEFDFBF8F4" authority="Koltun, 1959" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,579,1798,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="muricata" subSpecies="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F8CEFE0FF8F5" box="[151,439,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thenea muricata abyssorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FE19F8CFFDFBF8F4" author="Koltun" box="[445,579,1798,1820]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1959) Donnaia fauna abissalnuich glubin Zhentralnovo Poljarnovo basseina [Fauna from the abyssal of central polar basin]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya: Biologiya, 129, 662 - 665." type="journal article" year="1959">Koltun, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nomen nudum):
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FD5DF8CFFCC3F8F4" author="Koltun" box="[761,891,1798,1820]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1959) Donnaia fauna abissalnuich glubin Zhentralnovo Poljarnovo basseina [Fauna from the abyssal of central polar basin]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya: Biologiya, 129, 662 - 665." type="journal article" year="1959">Koltun 1959</bibRefCitation>
, p. 662.
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC49FF96FF33F8ECFE5DF8D3" authority="Koltun 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,485,1829,1851]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F8ECFEEDF8D3" box="[151,341,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thenea abyssorum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FEC7F8ECFE5DF8D3" author="Koltun" box="[355,485,1829,1851]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges (Porifera) collected in the Greenland seas and from the region to the north of the Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land, from expeditions of the ' F. Litke' 1955, ' Obb' 1956 and ' Lena' 1957 and 1958. Scientific results of the high- latitudes Oceanographic Expeditions to the northern part of the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin between 1955 - 1958. Trudy Arkticheskogo i antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta, 259, 143 - 166." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 146;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FD98F8ECFD06F8D3" author="Koltun" box="[572,702,1829,1851]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of Northern and Far Eastern seas of the USSR (order Tetraxonida). Opredeliti Faunei SSSR 90. (Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad), 1 - 112, pls I - XXXVIII." type="book chapter" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
, p. 37;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FCADF8EFFBADF8D3" author="Steenstrup" box="[777,1045,1829,1851]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Steenstrup, E. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup &amp; Tendal 1982</bibRefCitation>
, p. 259;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FBC8F8ECFAEFF8D3" author="Barthel" box="[1132,1367,1829,1851]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Barthel, D. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (1993) The sponge association of the abyssal Norwegian-Greenland sea: species composition, substrate relationships and distribution. Sarsia, 78, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1993">Barthel &amp; Tendal 1993</bibRefCitation>
, p. 83;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF63F88AFE61F890" blockId="32.[151,1435,1768,1912]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FF63F88AFE82F8B1" author="Witte" box="[199,314,1859,1881]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Witte, U. (1996) Seasonal reproduction in deep-sea sponges-triggered by vertical particle flux? Marine Biology, 124, 571 - 581." type="journal article" year="1996">Witte 1996</bibRefCitation>
, p. 571;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FE34F88AFDC9F8B1" author="Weslawski" box="[400,625,1859,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Weslawski, J. M., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M. &amp; Legezynska, J. (2003) Occurrence of soft bottom macrofauna along the depth gradient in High Arctic, 79 ° N. Polish Polar Research, 24, 73 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">
Weslawski
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FDA0F88CFD8FF8B2" box="[516,567,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 75;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FD1FF88AFC35F8B1" author="Cardenas" box="[699,909,1859,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae p) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e 18318. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318." type="journal article" year="2011">
Cárdenas
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FC84F88CFCF4F8B2" box="[800,844,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
, Table S1.
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC49FF96FF33F8ABFF5AF890" box="[151,226,1890,1912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F8ABFF5AF890" box="[151,226,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.:
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC49FF96FEB6F8ABFE30F890" author="Babic" box="[274,392,1890,1912]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Babic, K. (1915) Zur Kenntnis der Theneen. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 40, 389 - 408, pl. 16 - 18." type="journal article" year="1915">Babiç 1915</bibRefCitation>
, p. 408.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC49FF95FF33F86CFBB5FB77" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC49FF96FF33F86CFCE5F809" blockId="32.[151,1436,1957,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC49FF96FF33F86CFEB8F855" box="[151,256,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC49FF96FEADF86FFE35F855" box="[265,397,1958,1981]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
54948, off Vesterålen, northern
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC49FF96FCA0F86FFCE7F856" box="[772,863,1958,1982]" name="Norway" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC49FF96FCC9F86CFC59F855" box="[877,993,1957,1981]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="69.505">69°30.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC49FF96FC4BF86CFBF3F855" box="[1007,1099,1957,1981]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="13.916667">13°55'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E9469B44DC49FF96FBFDF86CFB0BF855" box="[1113,1203,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="2130.0">2130 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC49FF96FB65F86FFAFDF855" box="[1217,1349,1958,1981]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
66585, Røstbanken, northern
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC49FF96FE2BF803FE52F80A" box="[399,490,1994,2018]" name="Norway" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC49FF96FE51F800FDD1F809" box="[501,617,1993,2017]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="68.60833">68°36.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC49FF96FDD1F800FD77F809" box="[629,719,1993,2017]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="11.9">11°54'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E9469B44DC49FF96FD7FF800FCE0F809" box="[731,856,1993,2017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.625" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="762.5" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="675.0">
675-
<specimenCount id="38B8FD28DC49FF96FCA9F800FCE0F809" box="[781,856,1993,2017]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">850 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7AC16629DC48FF97FF33F8B2FE6FF805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC48FF97FF33F8B2FE6FF805" blockId="33.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC48FF97FF33F8B2FEA7F878" bold="true" box="[151,287,1915,1938]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC48FF97FE81F8B2FDD6F879" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[293,622,1915,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC48FF97FE81F8B2FE5BF879" box="[293,483,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Thenea abyssorum</emphasis>
Koltun, 1964
</taxonomicName>
[ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7AC16629DC4BFF94FF33F84BFAF3F81C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4BFF94FF33F84BFAF3F81C" blockId="34.[151,1436,1922,2037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FF33F84BFEA7F870" bold="true" box="[151,287,1922,1945]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
Streptasters of Norwegian species of
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4BFF94FD38F84BFD5EF870" box="[668,742,1922,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FD38F84BFD5EF870" box="[668,742,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Streptasters of
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4BFF94FC2DF84BFB6AF870" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[905,1234,1922,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FC2DF84BFBFEF870" box="[905,1094,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thenea abyssorum</emphasis>
Koltun, 1964
</taxonomicName>
[ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4BFF94FD88F868FD14F85F" box="[556,684,1953,1975]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FD88F868FD14F85F" box="[556,684,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thenea levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4BFF94FE03F809FC93F83E" authority="Bowerbank, 1858" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[423,811,1984,2006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FE03F809FDE0F83E" box="[423,600,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thenea muricata</emphasis>
(Bowerbank, 1858)
</taxonomicName>
[ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4BFF94FF33F816FEFDF81D" box="[151,325,2015,2037]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4BFF94FF33F816FEFDF81D" box="[151,325,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thenea valdiviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FF51FE7EFF58" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" box="[199,454,152,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FF51FE7EFF58" box="[199,454,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Comparative material.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FF75FD35FF1F" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FF63FF75FE21FF3C" box="[199,409,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FF75FE21FF3C" box="[199,409,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thenea abyssorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FE0CFF74FE41FF3C" box="[424,505,189,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMBN</collectionCode>
85228, Arctic mid-ocean ridge,
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FCC2FF75FC62FF3C" box="[870,986,188,212]" name="Greenland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Greenland</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FBB3FF75FBCFFF3C" box="[1047,1143,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="73.566666">73°34'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FB26FF75FB66FF3C" box="[1154,1246,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="7.75">07°45'E</geoCoordinate>
, H2
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FAAEFF75FAEAFF3C" box="[1290,1362,188,212]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DEEP</collectionCode>
cruise 2008, 2425–
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FE87FF16FEC2FF1F" box="[291,378,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.463" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2463.0">2463 m</quantity>
, Sneli sled (
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FDA6FF16FD38FF1F" author="Sneli" box="[514,640,223,247]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Sneli, J-A. (1998) A simple benthic sledge for shallow and deep-sea sampling. Sarsia, 83, 69 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Sneli 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FECCFDD2FE44" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FECCFE2FFEF4" box="[199,407,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Outer morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FE03FECDFE40FEF4" box="[423,504,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A). Small sub-spherical sponge (
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FCCDFECDFC0FFEF4" box="[873,951,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FBA4FECDFB8FFEF4" box="[1024,1079,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
wide) with root-like structures. Very hispid. Slightly compressible. Color alive and in ethanol is dirty brown. Choanosome is whitish to brownish (alive and in ethanol). Pores and oscule are on opposite sides (in upper part of sponge). The pore area is covered by a sieve and protected by an overhang. There is no sieve over the single oscule (ca
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FB91FEA6FBCFFE6F" box="[1077,1143,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter), it is circular and surrounded by a fringe of long oxeas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FE71FD36FD6C" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FE71FE9EFE38" box="[199,294,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FE9DFE7EFE36FE27" box="[313,398,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B–C). Radial bundles of oxeas start at the center of the specimen. Many go beyond the surface, especially on the top surface, very hispid. Triaenes are found only at the surface (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FBDAFE15FB68FE1C" box="[1150,1232,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
C), either crossing the ectosome or supporting it. Spirasters are abundant in the ectosome, but spirasters and plesiasters can be found throughout the choanosome (spirasters being much more common than plesisasters). The roots are made of bundles of oxeas and anatriaenes and they originate in the central part of the sponge. Anatriaenes are especially common in the basal part, always crossing the ectosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FD59FA80FBF9" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FD59FE9CFD40" box="[199,292,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FE90FD46FE3FFD4F" box="[308,391,655,679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMBN</collectionCode>
85228) (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FE54FD46FDF3FD4F" box="[496,587,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
C–F, 18A–B). (a) oxeas, straight, length&gt;3750 µm; width: 20–40 µm. (b) dichotriaenes (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FE9BFD7DFE29FD24" box="[319,401,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
C-D), rarely modified to orthotriaene or plagiotriaene, straight rhabdome or slightly bent, rhabdome length&gt;4165 µm; rhabdome width: 20-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FD78FD11FCB5FD18" box="[732,781,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">47.2</emphasis>
-70 µm; protoclad length: 60-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FBC1FD11FB1CFD18" box="[1125,1188,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">132.4</emphasis>
-210 µm; deuteroclad length: 240-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FE81FD35FEDCFCFC" box="[293,356,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">480.5</emphasis>
-850 µm. (c) anatriaenes I (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FD17FD35FCB1FCFC" box="[691,777,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
E), common, straight rhabdome with a rather blunt tip, rhabdome length: 920-1257.5-1750 µm (N=22); rhabdome width: 5-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC03FCE9FC72FCD0" box="[935,970,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">9.0</emphasis>
-15 µm; clad length: 45-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FB40FCE9FAADFCD0" box="[1252,1301,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">87.8</emphasis>
-130 µm. A more or less developed swelling can be found above the cladome. (d) anatriaenes II (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FBEFFC8DFB23FCB4" box="[1099,1179,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
F), common, very long and flexuous rhabdome, length between 2000 µm to more than 3600 µm; rhabdome width: 10 µm; very long clades running somewhat parallel to the rhabdome, giving to the anatriaene a closed-umbrella shape, in some cases the cladome is aborted and only an inflated tip is present, clad length: 40-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC3BFC79FC66FC20" box="[927,990,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">279.7</emphasis>
-548 µm (N=16). (e) protriaenes, absent in this specimen. (e) spirasters (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FE5CFC1DFDF1FC04" box="[504,585,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
B), strongly spined, length: 25.0-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC1DFC1DFC52FC04" box="[953,1002,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">36.6</emphasis>
-57.3 µm. (f) plesiasters (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FAA1FC1DFAEDFC04" box="[1285,1365,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A), 4– 6 actines, strongly spined or more rarely smooth, actine length: 60-
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC22FC31FC0FFBF8" box="[902,951,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">84.3</emphasis>
-100 µm; actine width: 13–16 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FBD5FBB5FB77" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FBD5FEDEFBDC" box="[199,358,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Reproduction.</emphasis>
This species has been shown to be oviparous and gonochoristic, but successive hermaphroditism cannot be excluded (
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FDE6FBF6FD7BFBBF" author="Witte" box="[578,707,1087,1111]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Witte, U. (1996) Seasonal reproduction in deep-sea sponges-triggered by vertical particle flux? Marine Biology, 124, 571 - 581." type="journal article" year="1996">Witte 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Oogenesis takes place between June and August with spermatic cysts found only in August (
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FE7FFBADFDDDFB94" author="Witte" box="[475,613,1124,1148]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Witte, U. (1996) Seasonal reproduction in deep-sea sponges-triggered by vertical particle flux? Marine Biology, 124, 571 - 581." type="journal article" year="1996">Witte, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Subglobular buds are relatively common in this species, they are often placed at the lower half of the specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FDCBFB4EFCCDFB77" author="Barthel" box="[623,885,1159,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Barthel, D. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (1993) The sponge association of the abyssal Norwegian-Greenland sea: species composition, substrate relationships and distribution. Sarsia, 78, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1993">Barthel &amp; Tendal 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FC25FB4EFBB9FB77" author="Witte" box="[897,1025,1159,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Witte, U. (1996) Seasonal reproduction in deep-sea sponges-triggered by vertical particle flux? Marine Biology, 124, 571 - 581." type="journal article" year="1996">Witte 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF95FF63FB65FCDEFB0F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FB65FABEFB2C" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" box="[199,1286,1196,1220]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FB65FEE8FB2C" box="[199,336,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
. Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Sea,
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FD1EFB65FC96FB2C" box="[698,814,1196,1220]" name="Greenland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Greenland</collectingCountry>
Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FCC8FB65FB40FB2C" author="Steenstrup" box="[876,1272,1196,1220]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Steenstrup, E. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">
Steenstrup &amp; Tendal 1982,
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FB04FB65FB67FB2C" box="[1184,1247,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[248,1349,183,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1350,183,1803]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876). A. ZMBN 80248 collected in Norway. Scale: 1 cm; B. ZMBN 25629 from the Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Arnesen, 1932). Scale: 1 cm; C. ZMAPOR 20375 from Mingulay Reef, Scotland. Scale: 3 cm; D. Thick section showing the skeletal architecture of cortex and choanosome. Scale: 1 mm [ZMBN 80248]; E. Cross-section of main atrium. Notice the tough contractile membrane surrounding the oscule. Scale: 1 cm [ZMAPOR 20375]; F. Close-up of thick section D showing the arrangement of microxeas, oxeas and triaenes in the cortex. Scale: 500 µm [ZMBN 80248]; G. Thick section of the membrane surrounding the oscule. scc: sub-cortical canals. Scale: 1 mm [ZMAPOR 20375]; H. Crosssection showing the arrangement of microxeas, oxeas and triaenes in the cortex. Scale: 500 µm [ZMBN 25629]; I. Anatriaenes in situ. Scale: 200 µm [ZMBN 85225]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280591/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FB19FCDEFB0F" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" box="[199,870,1231,1256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FB19FEB3FB00" box="[199,267,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Depth</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FEBDFB06FE1EFB0F" box="[281,422,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.26" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2260.0" valueMax="3670.0" valueMin="850.0">850–3670 m</quantity>
(this study;
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FD95FB06FCE1FB0F" author="Steenstrup" box="[561,857,1231,1255]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Steenstrup, E. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup &amp; Tendal 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF95FF63FB3CFA3FFA9F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63FB3CFA3FFA9F" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63FB3CFEFAFAE4" box="[199,322,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FEEBFB3CFE5BFAE4" box="[335,483,1268,1292]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FEEBFB3CFE5BFAE4" box="[335,483,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. abyssorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the northernmost and deepest (&gt;
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FCD4FB3DFC7DFAE4" box="[880,965,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
)
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FC70FB3DFB9FFAE4" box="[980,1063,1268,1292]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC70FB3DFB9FFAE4" box="[980,1063,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of the North Atlantic. On the field, this species can be easily confused with
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FD56FAD0FCCDFAD8" box="[754,885,1305,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FD56FAD0FCCDFAD8" box="[754,885,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. muricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or small
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FC4BFAD0FBCEFAD8" box="[1007,1142,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FC4BFAD0FBCEFAD8" box="[1007,1142,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. valdiviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a spicule preparation is therefore necessary.
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FE20FAF4FDA5FABC" box="[388,541,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FE20FAF4FDA5FABC" box="[388,541,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. abyssorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its large strongly spined plesiasters and streptasters. We report here for the first time a second category of anatriaene in this species, with unusually long clads (
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FAB3FA96FAD0FA9F" box="[1303,1384,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[191,1383,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 1 cm; B. Thick section showing the skeletal organization. p: pores. os: oscule. rt: root. Scale: 5 mm; C. Thick section showing dichotriaenes supporting the ectosome. Scale: 500 µm; D. Dichotriaene. Scale: 100 µm; E. Anatriaene I. Scale: 200 µm; F. Anatriaene II, with a closedumbrella shape. Scale: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280607/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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