133 lines
16 KiB
XML
133 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="475BC34319AF6D96FCF5EEDD678F9550" ID-CLB-Dataset="29652" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.23212" ID-GBIF-Dataset="516d998c-117e-4cbb-9e21-e38843778702" ID-PMC="PMC6079114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-777-57" ID-PubMed="30100790" ID-ZooBank="D9F353643DCD4BA6B70D62FB275DEB1B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-777-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 777" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Cholevinae from the island of Borneo (Coleoptera, Leiodidae)" checkinTime="1533035384019" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schilthuizen, Menno, Perreau, Michel & Njunjic, Iva" docDate="2018" docId="9DD77B0B9879209C3B6F80A977754F4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 777: 57-108" docOrigin="ZooKeys 777" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.23212" docTitle="Ptomaphaminus Perreau 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="F179FFE1BF6AFFEEEF68FFF0FFB5FFBD" masterDocTitle="A review of the Cholevinae from the island of Borneo (Coleoptera, Leiodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1701383097238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BE2320F92C5528B11BBCD363FB2ADAEC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B89BF002C2E574E7AD7FE5C6CE97F08C">
|
||
<mods:title id="D059CDF886FEFA22D010D9C090D13994">A review of the Cholevinae from the island of Borneo (Coleoptera, Leiodidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="5A5EA33C2E9B874D382CBB673804F8F1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9AB5D521E1BD23DBE03BE1E0FB6C826D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4F4DEC3119CE1FB79AF2438565886782">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2566E22BE873A934A260CDC04674C6FB">Schilthuizen, Menno</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E954726FC9DC09DBFC42BDEFA894D3D4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C48096E9E4C32C2B14A07C114BF2FD14">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A9E3D2D3E0AF75A8401B231096F1DD9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="25610BBC492C51DAEF66B5E65D2D401C">Perreau, Michel</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1EBF78BBCB0804053DD7FBF657BF10C7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C5209EC476CA76C72CFF2253AC320B4B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C446686D99F1C9E94FC58ACD69D5513C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="18F826BDAEB45003DF6EA504774DDA0D">Njunjic, Iva</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="564AAFAF584D86C9358348D00485DB16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F1BEDE96600556216D8FCCC7375FDB70" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="386071952D948B53821DFEAB73C82485">
|
||
<mods:title id="E35C9EB9438516FA907237075216A5AF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DEBDC288DEAE0D810EECFC5110C72E40">
|
||
<mods:date id="B9453905F5F6CB50AA020D41110F16C9">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6091C9787DF0E7022C44354CB7D00F84" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="40FA0C810208CD394DED0165DEDBCF2D">777</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9CEBDB465B46FAF388D54676DCA8CAB1" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F38E25BE8AEFCC6A15D16E320ADEF381">57</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9B1D85668576BFF008E2AA329E47B773">108</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="472980F1089ADD4A19AE808395242273">
|
||
<mods:url id="0FA7BCAE6D8EAB74062EA00F7AF20F80">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.23212</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B19942BFC696BFE1A5948E8FC30ACBA4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2EA2A55E7D747B91B1B78CE785BE6AF0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.23212</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A4DCFCBE168BFB9B05A702217DD254A8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-777-57</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="34B5A958B29A9BFC902CD86A3E743924" type="ZooBank">D9F353643DCD4BA6B70D62FB275DEB1B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="9DD77B0B9879209C3B6F80A977754F4E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146746151" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9DD77B0B9879209C3B6F80A977754F4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DD77B0B9879209C3B6F80A977754F4E" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<subSubSection id="261CD4E6CC4B87F1BAEE04A1673D3842" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="46C92195E07EFF2621FB3A8B89DBA691" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA5A8D8110E504D423E84CA113C794" ID-CoL="8X7S5" authority="Perreau, 2000" authorityName="Perreau" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphaminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphaminus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphaminus Perreau, 2000</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0AB46D0B06400D6CAC543B492A30AB8" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E56C05E70F9BE31748C724986B4D42C" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68A24110CA5608FF4FD55B565E8D0DDC" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
During the study of this Bornean material, we have refined our concept of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="482C2684D8AE98E8FE194E22CAE51400" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphaminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphaminus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphaminus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is why the genus description below is more extensive than for the previous genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FCEB679B4761B4464007CE4CDC55150D" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CBE22A40886888A7704F07C86AC2D053" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037E53D96985E9DBFC9703F2F43D7F69" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Species of small size, not exceeding 2 mm. Colour generally brown, partly yellowish or light brown, rarely darker. Dorsal surface covered with short recumbent setae inserted along transverse strigae which also cover the whole dorsum of the body. Head with more or less developed eyes. A significant eye reduction is observed in species living in subterranean environments. Antennae generally slender, the apical club weakly marked. Pronotum transverse, the largest width generally at the base, the sides of the pronotum and the elytra continuously arcuate, of equal width. Elytra generally elongate, the posterior sutural angles rounded in males (Figure 14a), in females either rounded (Figure 14b), or simply angular (Figure 14c), or sharply protruding backwards (Figure 14
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0BAE2CBE9AB2A5B07F09AB2F3CB31901" originalValue="d–e">d-e</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Surface of elytra with transverse oblique strigae and a single longitudinal sutural stria. Flight wings generally present and functional, even in species living in subterranean environments. (The few apterous or brachypterous species of the genus do not live in Borneo.) Mesoventral process low, narrow, and rounded. Metasternal sutures incomplete and convergent towards the central axis of the body. Protibiae with a lateral row of spines along the external edge and with smaller spines randomly dispersed on the ventral side. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with a circular row of spines around the apex. Male protarsi with four protarsomeres expanded, female protarsi unexpanded. Male and female mesotarsi and metatarsi unexpanded. Male genital segment (urite IX) with a long spiculum gastrale, significantly extending beyond the anterior margin of the epipleurites and sometimes expanded into a paddle shape in the distal half. The size of the aedeagus (relatively to the body length) is highly variable: from 3.0 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66827C506E769CC4314E73B1EF15CC5D" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to 5.7 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E29065645F7BF6451D2BE1C214EBA4D" lsidName="P. marshalli" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="marshalli">P. marshalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
) times smaller than the body length. The left apical expansion of the median lobe generally (in Borneo species) with a more or less developed, ventrally deflexed and sometimes retroverted apical hook, clearly visible in lateral view, more rarely simple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D15FDF652FF84FB7038BDC381328620" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D179781027D1B9D5CF2C2AD2176696AE" lsidName="P. testaceus" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="testaceus">P. testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.). Endophallus with a long and weakly sinuate stylus and with a basal symmetric (Figures 12a, 12c) or asymmetric (Figures 12f, h, j, l, m, o, q, s, w, y) loop. When asymmetric, the loop is expanded on the left side in dorsal view (which appears on the right side on pictures which are traditionally illustrated with the caudal side up). Female genital segment either with long gonocoxites, more than three times as long as wide (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="002020251B931A1EF269EEDBEB9A7E90" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Figure 13b;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E02140F76493631604E207841D258B8" lsidName="P. testaceus" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="testaceus">P. testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: Figure 13d), or gonocoxites reduced to small subsquare sclerites (Figures 13f, h, j, n, p, s, u). Spermatheca generally bilobate, with (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CE6F4599C18B1D092E9A404FB82786C" lsidName="P. ater" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="ater">P. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perreau, 2009: Figure 13f) or without an apical sclerified plate. A single lobe, weakly sclerotised and transversally ringed occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5FE3C3C02C321359395E48247660FA1" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 13b) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD8F343FFC7E0714FC13579F0B20AEC1" lsidName="P. testaceus" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="testaceus">P. testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 13d). Spermiduct less sclerotised, but generally with a fixed morphology, sometimes wrapped in a helical shape, rarely entirely membranous, without structured morphology (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA9B127BA2EFB6775828BFE1B19DC0CA" lsidName="P. hanskii" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="hanskii">P. hanskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D8D1B876D871B8322C05FF5493766DE" lsidName="P. sarawacensis" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="sarawacensis">P. sarawacensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: Figures 13
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD6DA4643D6D90191DAE12AE5BF6E1C1" originalValue="h–">h-</normalizedToken>
|
||
13j).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0E9D7003E11AE1FD998921E1CA0562E" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="69D46D2B106DCE9CFC1392F53B7FCA3F" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="412F13A8ECBE83DDFE64F455AB4A2A61" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The two species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F04AABEEE8C1181E26776D031959B4B" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07BA6FA6AB48239B3C8DAD69584965DC" lsidName="P. testaceus" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="testaceus">P. testaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. have significantly different morphological characters from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="512DD322A4437F723A474A10B6A03FBA" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphaminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphaminus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphaminus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not limited to Borneo): a short stylus of the endophallus (limited to half the length of the median lobe) with a symmetric basal loop, female gonocoxites long (more than three times longer than wide), a weakly sclerified spermatheca with a set of transversal rings (similar to structures preventing a collapse under depression, like for the respiratory trachea). Other species have a long stylus developed on most of the length of the aedeagus, female gonocoxites short, sub-square and a more sclerified spermatheca without reinforcing transversal rings. These two species form a distinct species group which possibly represents another genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="794F87B0E683BB134A0AC534F6173133" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E889842E0D1B555BC687BB5FA29526C" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0BA3F1C4A1D3130524ABDCA49B8F2B55" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Little information is available on the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="193902464D4F473E61BFBA0B9BE4D654" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphaminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphaminus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphaminus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two methods of sampling are successful in obtaining specimens: trapping with pitfall traps baited with meat, cheese, or human excrement (either in epigean or in cave environments) and manual collecting in caves. Species collected in epigean conditions generally have fully developed eyes and flight wings while specimens from caves often have reduced eyes (although presently no anophthalmic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="024D6C2D3D7B28F0FEFBC1DD90E203D9" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphaminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphaminus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptomaphaminus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known). The eye reduction observed in species recorded from caves is not correlated with the flight wing reduction, in contrast to palaearctic and nearctic subterranean species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D5E3BFEF4525D6AA9EB6CCBE0924474" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Cholevinae">Cholevinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358080DA9F0ED8F3B741BC6C2210330B" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptodirini">Leptodirini</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE4550D00448AA0CF9D3605F2D89311E" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Ptomaphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptomaphagus (Adelops)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Adelops">Ptomaphagus (Adelops)</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Flight wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FF6CEEE6E37513ED2A5B783576D885C" lsidName="P. fagei" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="fagei">P. fagei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perreau, 2009 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8087D5F5EB3530EECDE7B078967253BE" lsidName="P. latescens" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="latescens">P. latescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Szymczakowski, 1964, for example, remain fully functional as observed in Gua Sedepan (Eastern Kalimantan) and caves in the Kinabatangan valley (Sabah) where specimens flew up when lighted by headlamps even in the dark zone deep inside caves. A similar observation was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53AA4AEF6AC3B18B4EEB606B7C4DA85D" author="Peck, SB" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="221 - 224" title="A new cave-inhabiting Ptomaphaginus beetle from Sarawak (Leiodidae: Cholevinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00436.x" volume="6" year="1981">Peck (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23860F39F747A34ABB1ECD62E4E6F478" lsidName="P. chapmani" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="chapmani">P. chapmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peck, 1981.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE77D6D9E6684973429C2C683A28F132" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Species are very similar externally. For each of the species below, we provide only specific diagnoses, without listing any shared generic characters.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |