126 lines
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126 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26272" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0291ea38-7935-4093-9e3e-448703e4fb53" ID-PMC="PMC6093947" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-780-35" ID-PubMed="30127656" ID-ZBK="83973C30EC174CFAA486FB775F37793A" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-780-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 780" ModsDocTitle="Review of the ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872 in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1533813427593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R., Dhafer, Hathal M. Al & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2018" docId="EA9AE7010BDAA9D8EC140ACBBE8BDDBA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 780: 35-59" docOrigin="ZooKeys 780" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26272" docTitle="Technomyrmex difficilis Forel 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFE9FFB0FFCDFF96FFA3AA517F08AA06" masterDocTitle="Review of the ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872 in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668166139875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872 in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dhafer, Hathal M. Al</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>780</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26272</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26272</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-780-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">83973C30EC174CFAA486FB775F37793A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">83973C30EC174CFAA486FB775F37793A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147242818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA9AE7010BDAA9D8EC140ACBBE8BDDBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA9AE7010BDAA9D8EC140ACBBE8BDDBA" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1892" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex difficilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">Technomyrmex difficilis Forel, 1892</taxonomicName>
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Figure 5A, B, C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="r." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex mayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" race="difficilis" rank="race" species="mayri">Technomyrmex mayri r. difficilis</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1892: 242 (w. q.) Syntype worker, Madagascar, Nosibe, Village de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Imerina">l'Imerina</normalizedToken>
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coll. (Sikora), CASENT0101932, (MHNG), (image examined), Malagasy. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex mayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="mayri" subspecies="nitidulans">Technomyrmex mayri nitidulans</taxonomicName>
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Santschi, 1930; raised to species and senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex nitidulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulans">Technomyrmex nitidulans</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomy of the Dolichoderine ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste." volume="35" year="2007">Bolton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 47.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Worker. Measurements: TL: 2.40-3.10; HL: 0.57-0.76; HW: 0.52-0.69; SL: 0.52-0.74; PW: 0.36-0.47; WL: 0.74-1.02; Indices: CI: 89-97; SI: 95-107; OI: 25-30; EPI: 72-86; DTI: 127-135 (n = 35, from
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomy of the Dolichoderine ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste." volume="35" year="2007">Bolton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Head. In full-face view with feebly convex sides and nearly straight posterior margin; anterior clypeal margin weak but distinct medially concave; eyes located in front of midlength of head, with outer margin of eye fail to break head sides. Mesosoma. In profile promesonotal and mesonotal outlines forming a continuous curve that descends steeply to a well-defined metanotal groove; propodeal dorsum and declivity meeting in a continuous curve in profile. Pilosity. Frontal carina with two pairs of setae: in profile the first above torulus, the second at about level of anterior margin of eyes. Number of setal pairs on mesosoma: pronotum with one or two pairs; mesonotum bare or with one pair; propodeal dorsum bare; lateral margins of propodeal declivity with one or two pairs. Gastral tergites 1-4 each with many pairs of setae, scattered on tergites. Sculpture. Body sculpture finely and densely reticulate-punctate, general appearance dull. Colour. Head, mesosoma, petiole and gaster dark brown to black; coxae, femora and tibiae of same colour as mesosoma or slightly lighter. Tarsi of middle and hind legs yellow-white to yellow, lighter than tibiae.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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KSA, Riyadh Province: Riyadh, Almorouj,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.75837">24.75837°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.66409">46.66409°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 07.x.2017, (M. R. Sharaf) (1 w), KSMA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="ecological and biological notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Ecological and biological notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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The nesting habit of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="difficilis">T. difficilis</taxonomicName>
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is diverse (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Warner 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Nests are found in both urban and undisturbed native habitats and are constructed directly into the ground, in trees holes, under palm fronds and old petiole bases, in leaf-litter and under stones and debris. The feeding habits include plant nectar, honeydew, dead insects, and other protein sources. The wide range of nesting sites and feeding habits make
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="difficilis">T. difficilis</taxonomicName>
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one of the most successfully dispersed species of the genus worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomy of the Dolichoderine ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste." volume="35" year="2007">Bolton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). The single specimen studied here was found hiding inside the persistent stamen cluster of a pomegranate fruit imported from Yemen at "Al Othaim Hypermarket", Riyadh.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="geographic range">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Geographic range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex difficilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">Technomyrmex difficilis</taxonomicName>
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is broadly distributed worldwide and recorded from the Nearctic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Deyrup, M" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="147 - 148" title="Technomyrmexalbipes, a new exotic ant in Florida." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3495251" volume="74" year="1991">Deyrup 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), the Australian (
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<bibRefCitation author="Shattuck, SO" journalOrPublisher="Monographs on Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 226" title="Australian ants. Their biology and identification." volume="3" year="1999">Shattuck 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Andersen, AN" journalOrPublisher="A guide to the monsoonal fauna, CSIRO publishing" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" title="The Ants of Northern Australia." year="2000">Andersen 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), the Malagasy, the Neotropical, and the Oriental (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomy of the Dolichoderine ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste." volume="35" year="2007">Bolton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) Regions. The present record represents the first for the KSA, Yemen, and the Palearctic Region in general.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Technomyrmex difficilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">Technomyrmex difficilis</taxonomicName>
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, worker, CASENT0922887. A body in profile B body in dorsal view C head in full-face view, images from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |