608 lines
76 KiB
XML
608 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2C52D323B7955D8777AE09B1E6BAF9AA">A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04796F4D80A5C8865EB86A8F690DD611">Garbin, Rafaella C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B79B9E4A77B7F438B0B185DA7B8C584">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: A 8 FCEF 2 B- 7524 - 46 C 3 - 808 C-D 9 CBFBC 08017 & Corresponding author: garbin. rafaella @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FCEAB4D6D8394B77DB741305A1642D83">Bandyopadhyay, Saswati</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="099B1FE27D6D001464F0E6151AA1B618">Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata; Barrackpore Trunk Road 233, Kolkata, India. & Email: saswati @ isical. ac. in & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 02005 D 35 - 6 DA 9 - 4 A 7 E-B 838 - 16 F 4 FEF 108 DA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9E5171B27176556505783DCA71F25F6">Joyce, Walter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CC721675C8A0B1663321D6CADF25364">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & Email: walter. joyce @ unifr. ch & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 30 D 317 A- 0029 - 439 C- 8446 - 31281771 ADA 5</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C7CF0BC0131D5AFE0BADC8FE9192A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861095" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0131D5AFE0BADC8FE9192A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7CF0BC0131D5AFE0BADC8FE9192A9" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FE0BADC8FC7793ED" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[474,976,1216,1243]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FE0BADC8FD5993ED" bold="true" box="[474,766,1216,1243]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FCDCADC9FC6F93ED" author="Theobald W." box="[781,968,1217,1243]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C0131D53FC09ADC9FBFE93ED" box="[984,1113,1217,1243]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13556298C0131D53FD09ADECFCFC93C9" box="[728,859,1252,1279]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="41.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionStartId-1="42.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionStartId-2="43.[188,231,1926,1952]" captionStartId-3="44.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionStartId-4="45.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[235,1356,265,1868]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1366,271,1871]" captionTargetBox-2="[196,1390,328,1881]" captionTargetBox-3="[199,1382,275,1872]" captionTargetBox-4="[195,1389,384,1839]" captionTargetId-0="figure@41.[228,1364,261,1870]" captionTargetId-1="figure@42.[214,1375,265,1874]" captionTargetId-2="figure@43.[189,1398,319,1892]" captionTargetId-3="figure@44.[191,1397,265,1876]" captionTargetId-4="figure@45.[189,1398,378,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="41" captionTargetPageId-1="42" captionTargetPageId-2="43" captionTargetPageId-3="44" captionTargetPageId-4="45" captionText-0="Fig. 27. IM E.88, holotype of Bellia sivalensis Theobald, 1877, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 28. IM E.89, holotype of Clemmys theobaldi Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-2="Fig. 29. IM E.90, referred to Clemmys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) by Lydekker (1885a), here identified Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-3="Fig. 30. IM E.92, holotype of Clemmys punjabiensis Lydekker, 1885, here identified Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-4="Fig. 31. IM E.93, holotype of Clemmys hydaspica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860294" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860296" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860298" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860300" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860302" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860294/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860296/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3860298/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3860300/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3860302/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 27–31</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CAC2EFDCB9276" author="Theobald W." box="[189,620,1318,1344]" page="44" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1877">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAC2EFDCB9276" authority="Theobald, 1877: 44" authorityName="Theobald" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,620,1318,1344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAC2EFEDB9276" box="[189,380,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bellia sivalensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE55AC2EFDCB9276" author="Theobald W." box="[388,620,1318,1344]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877: 44</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAC42FD129252" blockId="39.[189,881,1318,1558]" box="[189,693,1354,1381]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CAC42FD169252" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,689,1354,1381]" page="172" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAC42FD169252" authority="Lydekker, 1885 a: 172" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,689,1354,1381]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydaspica">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAC42FE009252" box="[189,423,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys hydaspica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE7FAC42FD169252" author="Lydekker R." box="[430,689,1354,1381]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker, 1885a: 172</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAC65FD0A92B1" blockId="39.[189,881,1318,1558]" box="[189,685,1389,1416]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CAC65FD0F92B1" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,680,1389,1416]" page="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAC65FD0F92B1" authority="Lydekker, 1885 a: 173" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,680,1389,1416]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAC65FE3892B1" box="[189,415,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys theobaldi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE77AC65FD0F92B1" author="Lydekker R." box="[422,680,1389,1416]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker, 1885a: 173</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAC99FD75929A" blockId="39.[189,881,1318,1558]" box="[189,722,1425,1452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CAC99FD69929A" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,718,1425,1452]" page="175" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAC99FD69929A" authority="Lydekker, 1885 a: 175" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,718,1425,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punjabiensis">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAC99FE63929D" box="[189,452,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys punjabiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE1AAC99FD69929A" author="Lydekker R." box="[459,718,1425,1452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker, 1885a: 175</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CACBCFDF292F9" author="Smith M. A." box="[189,597,1460,1487]" page="97" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1931">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CACBCFDF292F9" authority="Smith, 1931: 97" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,597,1460,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoemyda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CACBCFE3592F8" box="[189,402,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Geoemyda trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE48ACBCFDF292F9" author="Smith M. A." box="[409,597,1460,1487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref25606" refString="Smith M. A. 1931. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I - Loricata, Testudines. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1931">Smith, 1931: 97</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CACD0FDD892C4" blockId="39.[189,881,1318,1558]" box="[189,639,1496,1522]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0131D53FF6CACD0FDD892C4" box="[189,639,1496,1522]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CACD0FDDC92C4" author="Smith M. A." box="[189,635,1496,1522]" page="89" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1931">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CACD0FDDC92C4" authority="Smith, 1931: 89" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,635,1496,1522]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoemyda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CACD0FE1392C4" box="[189,436,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Geoemyda sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE6AACD0FDDC92C4" author="Smith M. A." box="[443,635,1496,1522]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref25606" refString="Smith M. A. 1931. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I - Loricata, Testudines. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1931">Smith, 1931: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CACF4FCD69123" blockId="39.[189,881,1318,1558]" box="[189,881,1531,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0131D53FF6CACF4FCD69123" box="[189,881,1531,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FF6CACF4FCD69123" box="[189,881,1531,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CACF4FD249120" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[189,643,1532,1558]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="trijuga" subSpecies="indopeninsularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CACF4FD249120" box="[189,643,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Melanochelys trijuga indopeninsularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
TEWG, 2015: e.46.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAF35FD2F916E" blockId="39.[189,704,1597,1695]" box="[189,648,1597,1624]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0131D53FF6CAF35FD2F916E" box="[189,648,1597,1624]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAF35FEDE9161" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,377,1597,1623]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAF35FEDE9161" box="[189,377,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bellia theobaldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FE47AF35FD22916E" author="Lydekker R." box="[406,645,1597,1624]" page="58" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE47AF35FD22916E" author="Lydekker R." box="[406,645,1597,1624]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="56 - 59" refId="ref24763" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 a. Notes on Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Records of the Geological Survey of India 22 (1): 56 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Lydekker 1889a: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAF69FD67914D" blockId="39.[189,704,1597,1695]" box="[189,704,1633,1660]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0131D53FF6CAF69FD67914D" box="[189,704,1633,1660]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAF69FE05914D" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[189,418,1633,1659]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAF69FE05914D" box="[189,418,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FE6EAF69FD1B914D" author="Lydekker R." box="[447,700,1633,1660]" page="171" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1885">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE6EAF69FD1B914D" author="Lydekker R." box="[447,700,1633,1660]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker 1885a: 171</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAF8DFD2B91A9" blockId="39.[189,704,1597,1695]" box="[189,652,1668,1695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0131D53FF6CAF8DFD2B91A9" box="[189,652,1668,1695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FF6CAF8DFEDB91A9" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1877" box="[189,380,1669,1695]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAF8DFEDB91A9" box="[189,380,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bellia sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0131D53FE4BAF8CFD2F91A9" author="Lydekker R." box="[410,648,1668,1695]" page="58" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FE4BAF8CFD2F91A9" author="Lydekker R." box="[410,648,1668,1695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="56 - 59" refId="ref24763" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 a. Notes on Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Records of the Geological Survey of India 22 (1): 56 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Lydekker 1889a: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0131D5CFF6CAFCFFB269542" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAFCFFF5D91D7" blockId="39.[189,250,1735,1761]" box="[189,250,1735,1761]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0131D53FF6CAFCFFF5D91D7" bold="true" box="[189,250,1735,1761]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAFCFFF5D91D7" bold="true" box="[189,250,1735,1761]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0131D53FF6CAFCFFF5D91D7" box="[189,250,1735,1761]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAFFEFCBF9039" blockId="39.[189,792,1781,1808]" box="[189,792,1781,1808]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7FE6D8C0131D53FF6CAFFEFF469026" box="[189,225,1782,1808]" country="India" name="Indian Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">IM</collectionCode>
|
||
E.88, the anterior half of a fossil shell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0131D53FD62AFFDFCAD9039" box="[691,778,1781,1807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[235,1356,265,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[228,1364,261,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 27. IM E.88, holotype of Bellia sivalensis Theobald, 1877, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860294/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CAE3FFE0D9067" blockId="39.[189,426,1847,1873]" box="[189,426,1847,1873]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0131D53FF6CAE3FFE0D9067" bold="true" box="[189,426,1847,1873]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CAE3FFE0D9067" bold="true" box="[189,426,1847,1873]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D5CFF6CAE6EFAD1965B" blockId="39.[189,1399,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="40.[189,1399,267,366]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0131D53FF6CAE6EFC119092" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092313" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Middle & Potwar Plateau & Miocene-Pliocene" country="Pakistan" location="south of Jhand" municipality="Jhand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="IM E.88" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0131D53FF6CAE6EFEEE90B6" box="[189,329,1894,1920]" name="Pakistan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0131D53FEBDAE6EFE5E90B6" box="[364,505,1894,1920]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FD70AE6EFCC190B6" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1877" box="[673,870,1894,1920]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FD70AE6EFCC190B6" box="[673,870,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bellia sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC0131D53FCABAE6EFC6890B6" box="[890,975,1894,1920]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0131D53FC0EAE6EFB3F90B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0131D5AFE0BADC8FE9192A9:8EB128C6C0131D53FC0EAE6EFB3F90B6" box="[991,1176,1894,1920]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Jhand" name="south of Jhand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Punjab">south of Jhand</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC0131D53FB78AE6EFDF79095" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Middle to Upper Siwalik group of Potwar Plateau</locationDeviation>
|
||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0131D53FC9EAE82FC119092" box="[847,950,1930,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">IM E.88</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0131D53FC06AE82FF5390DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092319" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Potwar Plateau & Miocene-Pliocene" country="Pakistan" county="Jhand" location="Punjab" municipality="Middle" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="IM E.89" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0131D53FC06AE82FBC39095" box="[983,1124,1929,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FADAAE82FE8B90F1" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FADAAE82FE8B90F1" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys theobaldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC0131D53FEEFAEA5FE3490F1" box="[318,403,1965,1991]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Jhand;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC0131D53FE29AEA5FBF090F1" box="[504,1111,1965,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Middle to Upper Siwalik group of Potwar Plateau</locationDeviation>
|
||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0131D53FA82AEA6FF5390DD" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">IM E.89</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0131D5CFED8AED9FE329613" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092316" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Potwar Plateau & Pliocene" country="Pakistan" county="Potwar Plateau" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" location="Potwar Plateau" municipality="Middle" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="IM E.90" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0131D53FED8AED9FE3690DD" box="[265,401,2001,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC0131D53FE4BAED9FE4890DD" box="[410,495,2001,2027]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0131D53FE28AED9FD0B90DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0131D5AFE0BADC8FE9192A9:8EB128C6C0131D53FE28AED9FD0B90DD" box="[505,684,2001,2027]" country="Pakistan" county="Potwar Plateau" municipality="Middle" name="Potwar Plateau" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Punjab">Potwar Plateau</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC0131D53FD67AED9FB5090DD" box="[694,1271,2001,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Middle to Upper Siwalik group of Potwar Plateau</locationDeviation>
|
||
; Miocene– Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C01C1D5CFEE3A804FE329613" box="[306,405,267,294]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">IM E.90</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C01C1D5CFE61A803FC99967F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092311" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Potwar Plateau & Miocene-Pliocene" country="Pakistan" location="Punjab" municipality="Middle" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCode="IM E.92" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C01C1D5CFE61A803FD9E9613" box="[432,569,267,293]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFD04A803FC7A9613" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[725,989,267,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punjabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFD04A803FC7A9613" box="[725,989,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clemmys punjabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFC3CA803FBE59613" box="[1005,1090,267,293]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC01C1D5CFB9EA803FE45967F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Middle to Upper Siwalik group of Potwar Plateau</locationDeviation>
|
||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C01C1D5CFD0AA838FC99967F" box="[731,830,303,330]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">IM E.92</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C01C1D5CFC8AA827FAD4965B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092314" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Middle & Potwar Plateau & Miocene-Pliocene" country="Pakistan" county="Jhelum district" location="Jhelum district" municipality="Jhelum district" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCode="IM E.93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C01C1D5CFC8AA827FC42967F" box="[859,997,303,329]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFB52A827FAC9967F" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[1155,1390,303,329]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydaspica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFB52A827FAC9967F" box="[1155,1390,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clemmys hydaspica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFF6CA85BFEB5965B" box="[189,274,339,365]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B00691C01C1D5CFECDA85BFE6B965B" box="[284,460,339,365]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Jhelum district</collectingCounty>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC01C1D5CFE06A85BFBBC965B" box="[471,1051,339,366]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Middle to Upper Siwalik group of Potwar Plateau</locationDeviation>
|
||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C01C1D5CFADFA85CFAD4965B" box="[1294,1395,339,366]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">IM E.93</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CA89EFE5C9699" blockId="40.[189,507,405,432]" box="[189,507,405,432]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C01C1D5CFF6CA89EFE5C9699" bold="true" box="[189,507,405,432]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFF6CA89EFE5C9699" bold="true" box="[189,507,405,432]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01C1D5CFF6CA89EFF5D9686" box="[189,250,406,432]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and horizon
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CA8CDFE3A9532" blockId="40.[189,1398,453,516]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Miocene/Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau, south of Jhand,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFBABA8CDFB6896E9" box="[1146,1231,453,479]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFB0AA8CDFA9996E9" box="[1243,1342,453,479]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Comments below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAB23FEAA9573" blockId="40.[189,269,555,581]" box="[189,269,555,581]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C01C1D5CFF6CAB23FEAA9573" bold="true" box="[189,269,555,581]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFF6CAB23FEAA9573" bold="true" box="[189,269,555,581]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAB52FB269542" blockId="40.[189,1153,602,629]" box="[189,1153,602,629]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Miocene/Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFC67AB52FBAC9542" box="[950,1035,602,628]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFBC7AB52FBDA9542" box="[1046,1149,602,628]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C01C1D5CFF6CAB95FB139418" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAB95FCD09581" blockId="40.[189,887,669,695]" box="[189,887,669,695]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C01C1D5CFF6CAB95FCD09581" bold="true" box="[189,887,669,695]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFF6CAB95FCD09581" bold="true" box="[189,887,669,695]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CABC4FB139418" blockId="40.[189,1398,716,815]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFF6CABC4FE4795D0" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[189,480,716,742]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFF6CABC4FE4795D0" box="[189,480,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFBC3ABC4FB1295D0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1042,1205,716,742]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFBC3ABC4FB1295D0" box="[1042,1205,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Melanochelys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lack of longitudinal carapacial keels, the presence of hexagonal second to fourth vertebral scutes with concave posterolateral margins that are broader than long and a denser and more rounded shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C01C1D5AFF6CAA5EFD82932A" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAA5EFDF89446" blockId="40.[189,607,854,880]" box="[189,607,854,880]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C01C1D5CFF6CAA5EFDF89446" bold="true" box="[189,607,854,880]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFF6CAA5EFDF89446" bold="true" box="[189,607,854,880]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description of material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAA8EFC6A923E" blockId="40.[189,1399,902,1288]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
IM E.88 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C01C1D5CFEE1AA8EFE209496" box="[304,391,902,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[235,1356,265,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[228,1364,261,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 27. IM E.88, holotype of Bellia sivalensis Theobald, 1877, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860294/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01C1D5CFE4FAA8EFDA29496" box="[414,517,902,928]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFDFCAA8EFD4A9496" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1877" box="[557,749,902,928]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFDFCAA8EFD4A9496" box="[557,749,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bellia sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This is the anterior half of a shell from the Miocene/ Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau, south of Jhand,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFC29AAA2FBEA94F2" box="[1016,1101,938,964]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFB89AAA2FB1C94F2" box="[1112,1211,938,964]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Comments below), initially figured and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01C1D5CFD77AAC6FCD594DF" author="Lydekker R." box="[678,882,974,1001]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 20.1). Our observations of the specimen mostly agree with those of Lydekker, although we document more details in the plastron. Most scutes are clearly visible, but only a few bony sutures are apparent. There are no signs of carapacial keels, but notches on the intervertebral sulci indicate the former presence of keels as a juvenile. This is clearly an adult specimen due to its large size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C01C1D5CFC3AAD56FB9E934E" box="[1003,1081,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
). Growth annuli marks are present on the anterior marginal scutes. The cervical scute is extremely reduced and clasped between the first marginals. First vertebral scute is longer than wide. The second and third vertebrals have rounded lateral margins. The plastron not well preserved, with few visible sutures. The anterior margin of the plastron is straight and the gular scutes are much longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAC39FACE9185" blockId="40.[189,1399,1328,1715]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
IM E.89 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C01C1D5CFEFCAC38FE26927C" box="[301,385,1328,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,271,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[214,1375,265,1874]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 28. IM E.89, holotype of Clemmys theobaldi Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860296/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01C1D5CFE47AC38FE5A927C" box="[406,509,1328,1354]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFDF3AC38FCA5927C" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[546,770,1328,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFDF3AC38FCA5927C" box="[546,770,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clemmys theobaldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This is the anterior half of a shell from the Miocene/ Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau, Jhand,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFC4DAC5CFC569258" box="[924,1009,1364,1390]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFC2CAC5CFBC79258" box="[1021,1120,1364,1390]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Comments below) originally figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01C1D5CFE64AC70FD2692A5" author="Lydekker R." box="[437,641,1400,1427]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 20.2). Our illustrations mostly agree with those of Lydekker, but we disagree in the presence of a cervical and document the plastron for the first time. Most scutes are clearly visible, but only a few bones are apparent. It is clearly an adult specimen due to its large size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C01C1D5CFDB3ACECFD1492C9" box="[610,691,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
). There are no signs of carapacial keels or growth annuli marks. The cervical scute is present and as long as wide. The first vertebral scute is wider than long and exhibits an anterolateral constriction. The second and third vertebrals have rounded lateral margins. The anterior margin of the plastron is straight and lacks a median notch. The gular scutes are much longer than wide and completely intersect the entoplastron. The humeropectoral sulcus completely crosses the entoplastron posteriorly. The pectoro-abdominal sulcus does not intersect the hyo-hypoplastral suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5CFF6CAFD3FBB790B2" blockId="40.[189,1399,1754,1925]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
IM E.90 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C01C1D5CFEE2AFD2FE2E91C3" box="[307,393,1754,1781]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[188,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,328,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[189,1398,319,1892]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 29. IM E.90, referred to Clemmys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) by Lydekker (1885a), here identified Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860298/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) – This is a nearly complete, previously unfigured shell from the Miocene/Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFD1DAFF6FC86902E" box="[716,801,1790,1816]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFCFAAFF6FC35902E" box="[811,914,1790,1816]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Old ontogenetic age combined with poor preservation of the surface makes it near impossible to discern most scutes and sutures. There are no signs of carapacial keels or growth annuli marks. The cervical scute is extremely reduced and placed between the first marginals. The gular scutes are much longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01C1D5AFF6CAEA5FAAD9504" blockId="40.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="46.[189,1399,267,562]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
IM E.92 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C01C1D5CFEFEAEA5FE2490F1" box="[303,387,1965,1991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[199,1382,275,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1397,265,1876]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 30. IM E.92, holotype of Clemmys punjabiensis Lydekker, 1885, here identified Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860300/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01C1D5CFE48AEA5FDA790F1" box="[409,512,1965,1991]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01C1D5CFDF7AEA5FC8B90F1" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[550,812,1965,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punjabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01C1D5CFDF7AEA5FC8B90F1" box="[550,812,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clemmys punjabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This specimen was collected from the Miocene/ Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01C1D5CFC81AED9FC0290DD" box="[848,933,2001,2027]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01C1D5CFC60AED9FBB090DD" box="[945,1047,2001,2027]" name="Pakistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and was initially figured and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01A1D5AFE8FA803FD8A9610" author="Lydekker R." box="[350,557,267,294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 20.3). Our observations of this specimen overall confirm those of Lydekker, although we document some addition sutures. The specimen represents the anterior half of a carapace and articulated fragments of the plastron, and likely represents an adult specimen due to its larger size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C01A1D5AFD42A876FD7896AF" box="[659,735,382,409]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
). Scutes are clearly discernable, but sutures are restricted to the periphery of the specimen. No carapacial keels or growth annuli marks are visible. The first vertebral scute is as long as wide and has an anterolateral constriction. The second and third vertebral scutes have semi-sinuous lateral margins. The anterior plastral margin is concave. The gular scute is longer than wide. The pectoro-abdominal sulcus does not intersect the hyo-hyoplastral suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C01D1D5DFF6CAE60FD1790DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860294/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[189,232,1896,1922]" targetBox="[235,1356,265,1868]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01D1D5DFF6CAE60FD1790DA" blockId="41.[189,1399,1896,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFF6CAE60FEB190B4" bold="true" box="[189,278,1896,1922]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 27.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.88, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01D1D5DFDC1AE60FC2D90B4" authority="Theobald, 1877" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1877" box="[528,906,1896,1922]" class="Malacostraca" family="Belliidae" genus="Bellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFDC1AE60FD6A90B4" box="[528,717,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bellia sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01D1D5DFD03AE60FC2D90B4" author="Theobald W." box="[722,906,1896,1922]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01D1D5DFB8CAE60FE2B9090" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFB8CAE60FAD190B4" box="[1117,1398,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01D1D5DFF14AE83FE239090" author="Theobald W." box="[197,388,1931,1958]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C01D1D5DFE46AE83FDBB9090" box="[407,540,1931,1958]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFDF7AE83FD9C9093" bold="true" box="[550,571,1931,1957]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFCAAAE84FC289090" bold="true" box="[891,911,1932,1958]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFB19AE83FB7A9093" bold="true" box="[1224,1245,1931,1957]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFDCAAEA7FD9790FF" bold="true" box="[539,560,1967,1993]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFBFEAEA7FBE490FF" bold="true" box="[1071,1091,1967,1993]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01D1D5DFF6CAEDAFF6890DA" bold="true" box="[189,207,2002,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C01E1D5EFF6CAE6EFCBA90DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860296/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[215,1366,271,1871]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01E1D5EFF6CAE6EFCBA90DD" blockId="42.[189,1399,1894,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFF6CAE6EFEB990B6" bold="true" box="[189,286,1894,1920]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 28.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.89, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01E1D5EFDE9AE6EFC4090B7" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[568,999,1894,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFDE9AE6EFCB990B6" box="[568,798,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Clemmys theobaldi</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01E1D5EFB05AE6EFDB49092" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFB05AE6EFE889092" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01E1D5EFE96AE82FDAD9092" author="Theobald W." box="[327,522,1930,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C01E1D5EFDF2AE82FD0A9092" box="[547,685,1930,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFD6DAE81FD769095" bold="true" box="[700,721,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFBF4AE82FB9E9092" bold="true" box="[1061,1081,1930,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFF6CAEA5FF7590F1" bold="true" box="[189,210,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFD66AEA5FD6B90F1" bold="true" box="[695,716,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFB7AAEA5FB1890F1" bold="true" box="[1195,1215,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01E1D5EFEFBAED8FE9B90DC" bold="true" box="[298,316,2000,2026]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C01F1D5FFF6DAE8EFBC090D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860298/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[188,231,1926,1952]" targetBox="[196,1390,328,1881]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01F1D5FFF6DAE8EFBC090D1" blockId="43.[188,1398,1926,2023]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFF6DAE8EFEBF9096" bold="true" box="[188,280,1926,1952]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 29.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.90, referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01F1D5FFDDFAE8EFC639096" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[526,964,1926,1952]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFDDFAE8EFD549096" box="[526,755,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Clemmys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01F1D5FFCD0AE8EFC1B9096" author="Theobald W." box="[769,956,1926,1952]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01F1D5FFC3EAE8EFB659097" author="Lydekker R." box="[1007,1218,1926,1953]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, here identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01F1D5FFF6DAEA1FD1090F5" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[188,695,1961,1987]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFF6DAEA1FE7B90F5" box="[188,476,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01F1D5FFE21AEA1FD0890F5" author="Theobald W." box="[496,687,1961,1987]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C01F1D5FFD12AEA1FCEF90F2" box="[707,840,1961,1988]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFC82AEA1FCCF90F5" bold="true" box="[851,872,1961,1987]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFB7AAEA2FB1890F2" bold="true" box="[1195,1215,1962,1988]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFEE0AEC4FEE190D0" bold="true" box="[305,326,1996,2022]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01F1D5FFDA0AEC5FD2190D1" bold="true" box="[625,646,1997,2023]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C0181D58FF6CAE6EFCBA90DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860300/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[199,1382,275,1872]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0181D58FF6CAE6EFCBA90DC" blockId="44.[189,1399,1894,2026]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FF6CAE6EFEBA90B6" bold="true" box="[189,285,1894,1920]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 30.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.92, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0181D58FDE6AE6EFBAC90B7" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[567,1035,1894,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punjabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FDE6AE6EFCE590B6" box="[567,834,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Clemmys punjabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0181D58FB05AE6EFDB49095" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FB05AE6EFE889095" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0181D58FE96AE81FDAD9095" author="Theobald W." box="[327,522,1929,1955]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C0181D58FDF2AE81FD0A9092" box="[547,685,1929,1956]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FD6DAE81FD769095" bold="true" box="[700,721,1929,1955]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FBF4AE81FB9E9095" bold="true" box="[1061,1081,1929,1955]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FF6CAEA4FF7590F0" bold="true" box="[189,210,1964,1990]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FD66AEA4FD6B90F0" bold="true" box="[695,716,1964,1990]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FB7AAEA4FB1890F0" bold="true" box="[1195,1215,1964,1990]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0181D58FEFBAED8FE9B90DC" bold="true" box="[298,316,2000,2026]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C0191D59FF6CAE82FAFA90DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860302/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[195,1389,384,1839]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0191D59FF6CAE82FAFA90DD" blockId="45.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FF6CAE82FEBA9092" bold="true" box="[189,285,1930,1956]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 31.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.93, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0191D59FDE5AE82FC4E9093" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[564,1001,1930,1957]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydaspica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FDE5AE82FC869092" box="[564,801,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clemmys hydaspica</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0191D59FB05AE82FDB490F1" authority="(Theobald, 1877)" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FB05AE82FE8890F1" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0191D59FE96AEA5FDAD90F1" author="Theobald W." box="[327,522,1965,1991]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="43 - 45" refId="ref25932" refString="Theobald W. 1877. Description of a new Emydine from the Upper Tertiaries of the Northern Punjab. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10: 43 - 45." type="journal article" year="1877">Theobald, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2291F74C0191D59FDF2AEA5FD0A90FE" box="[547,685,1965,1992]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FD6DAEA5FD7690F1" bold="true" box="[700,721,1965,1991]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FBF4AEA5FB9E90F1" bold="true" box="[1061,1081,1965,1991]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FF6CAED8FF7590DC" bold="true" box="[189,210,2000,2026]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0191D59FD63AED9FD6090DD" bold="true" box="[690,711,2001,2027]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01A1D5AFF6CAB55FD82932A" blockId="46.[189,1399,604,1053]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
IM E.93 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C01A1D5AFEE9AB54FE369540" box="[312,401,604,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,384,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[189,1398,378,1859]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 31. IM E.93, holotype of Clemmys hydaspica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Melanochelys sivalensis (Theobald, 1877) comb. nov. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860302/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01A1D5AFE7CAB54FDB39540" box="[429,532,604,630]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01A1D5AFD92AB54FC969540" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[579,817,604,630]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydaspica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01A1D5AFD92AB54FC969540" box="[579,817,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Clemmys hydaspica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This specimen consists of a nearly complete carapace and an articulated partial plastron from the Miocene/Pliocene, Middle to Upper Siwaliks of Potwar Plateau, Jhelum district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01A1D5AFDEFABA1FD3495F5" box="[574,659,681,707]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFD71ABA1FCA095F5" box="[672,775,681,707]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The figures provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01A1D5AFBE8ABA1FAA195F2" author="Lydekker R." box="[1081,1286,681,708]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 20.4) overall agree with our figure, although we see more details in some areas, but less in others. This is a well-preserved specimen that clearly documents most sulci, but only some sutures. It is likely an adult specimen due to its large size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C01A1D5AFC42AA14FC449401" box="[915,995,796,823]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
). The plastron is highly damaged and provides no information and we therefore do not figure it. There are no signs of carapacial keels or growth annuli marks. The first vertebral scute is wider than long and has straight lateral margins. The second and third vertebral scute have convex anterolateral and concave posterolateral sides. The sulcus between the first and second pleural, and the second and third pleural contact the fourth and sixth marginal scutes, respectively. The first neural bone only contacts the second costal on the right side, which is probably an anomaly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C01A1D5AFF6CAD4EFE9192A9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01A1D5AFF6CAD4EFEE39356" blockId="46.[189,324,1094,1120]" box="[189,324,1094,1120]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C01A1D5AFF6CAD4EFEE39356" bold="true" box="[189,324,1094,1120]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01A1D5AFF6CAD4EFEE39356" bold="true" box="[189,324,1094,1120]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC01A1D5AFF6CAD71FE9192A9" blockId="46.[189,1399,1144,1439]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Two of five specimens listed in this section originate from “south of Jhand” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC01A1D5AFBEBAD70FB5993A5" author="Lydekker R." box="[1082,1278,1144,1171]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker 1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We were able to locate three places called J(h)and in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01A1D5AFD3DAD97FC9A938F" box="[748,829,1183,1209]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFCB7AD97FC6E938F" box="[870,969,1183,1209]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFBD2AD97FBE3938F" box="[1027,1092,1183,1209]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: the large town of J(h)and in Attock District,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFE48ADCDFE5893E9" box="[409,511,1221,1247]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the village of J(h)and in Chakwal District,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFBD6ADCDFBCD93E9" box="[1031,1130,1221,1247]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the village of J(h) and in Jalandhar District,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFE38ADE3FD8E9233" box="[489,553,1259,1285]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The two locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFCF9ADE3FC2C9233" box="[808,907,1259,1285]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are surrounded by sedimentary exposures that have yielded fossils of Siwaliks age, while the Indian location is located in a flood plain lacking such exposures. We therefore are highly confident that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC01A1D5AFC5EAC30FC659264" box="[911,962,1336,1362]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is positioned in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC01A1D5AFAF4AC30FAD19264" box="[1317,1398,1336,1362]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC01A1D5AFF0EAC56FEE1924E" box="[223,326,1374,1400]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. See Discussion for further details regarding the referral of this material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC01A1D5AFB05AC56FE8892A9" authorityName="Garbin & Bandyopadhyay & Joyce" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC01A1D5AFB05AC56FE8892A9" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Melanochelys sivalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |