285 lines
32 KiB
XML
285 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="06D9CD632FF448AC08E5B181AC007D7F">Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77DE4A3BB7C7C94133C00CD8A53DB73A">Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F13059C05D611E8805324DAC48000468">Austin, Kyhl A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1B703DF1D90027B9F630C9E099DFE1E">Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D4EC259797E52F619600D6E86FB7384F">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="197E430039FDC8CB56180BA6D4A12A88">
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<mods:date id="437373D83FAD507EDA418D5D6D1D3D4C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F49A3AF2EB745C0D98671C84274A90D3">55</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D98F4B859BA6B2014377DF87207BA25B" type="CLB-Dataset">59366</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1BC58630E33C12B7D8BCE6607075BDD8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.8159765</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A4F3CC1FB3FEE528AE2222B38AFEECE6" type="GBIF-Dataset">17e62e62-46ef-47e6-b98e-c56d8dcfe876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B087BEFFF9567FFF43FEE3FE16FEEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8204421" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212423584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8204421" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:984113DD-3F42-4F9B-923C-65EAD10A7334" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087BEFFF9567FFF43FEE3FE16FEEC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFF43FEE3FDFEFD59" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF43FEE3FE14FD47" blockId="12.[144,560,265,412]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0EE81C4FFF9567EFF43FEE3FE14FD47" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF43FEE3FE14FD47" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFF43FEE3FE5FFD47" authority="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n, 2023" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hyposmocoma">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF43FEE3FE9AFD24" bold="true" box="[158,340,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFEB9FEE3FDD4FD24" bold="true" box="[356,538,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF38FEC2FE5FFD47" bold="true" box="[229,401,296,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">kamehamenui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57C1FFF9567EFE45FEC2FE14FD47" box="[408,474,296,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF4DFEADFDFEFD59" blockId="12.[144,560,265,412]" box="[144,560,327,351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">https://zoobank.org/984113DD-3F42-</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFF4DFE8FFECDFD9A" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF4DFE8FFE79FD7B" blockId="12.[144,560,265,412]" box="[144,439,357,381]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">4F9B-923C-65EAD10A7334</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF4DFE6EFECDFD9A" blockId="12.[144,560,265,412]" box="[144,259,388,412]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFF4DFE6EFF1AFD9A" box="[144,212,388,412]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[143,216,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[156,988,162,761]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[143,1007,144,776]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159775/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFF02FE6EFF31FD9A" box="[223,255,388,412]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[146,220,753,777]" captionTargetBox="[161,999,153,734]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[144,1008,144,741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">6B</figureCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFF4DFE2BFDD6FEAB" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF4DFE2BFEE6FDDF" blockId="12.[144,562,449,1567]" box="[144,296,449,473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF4DFE2BFEE6FDDF" bold="true" box="[144,296,449,473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Type material</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF75FE35FDD6FEAB" blockId="12.[144,562,449,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<materialsCitation id="3B713CF5FFF9567EFF75FE35FDD6FEAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167508311" collectingDate="2021-04-26" collectingDateMax="2021-05-26" collectingDateMin="2021-04-26" collectionCode="R, UHIM" country="United States of America" elevation="2135" latitude="20.7285" location="Maui" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF75FE35FED1FDF1" bold="true" box="[168,287,479,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFF9567EFF75FE35FED4FDF1" box="[168,282,479,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Male.
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<collectingCountry id="F30E7638FFF9567EFEA4FE35FE7EFDF1" box="[377,432,479,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
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: HI.
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<location id="8EC66073FFF9567EFE28FE35FDE5FDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087BEFFF9567FFF43FEE3FE16FEEC:8EC66073FFF9567EFE28FE35FDE5FDF1" box="[501,555,479,503]" country="United States of America" latitude="20.7285" name="Maui" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Maui</location>
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<date id="FFA71068FFF9567EFF4DFE14FF36FE10" box="[144,248,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" value="2021-04-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFE3E980FFF9567EFF4DFE14FF36FE10" box="[144,248,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" value="2021-04-26">26.iv.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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DR21D16B.E2,
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFE41FE14FF51FE32" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Kamehamenui F</collectorName>
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[orest]
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE6DFFF9567EFF39FDF7FF38FE32" box="[228,246,541,564]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">R</collectionCode>
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[eserve],
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFE8CFDF6FE46FE32" box="[337,392,540,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hand</collectorName>
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coll.[ected] burritocases.E[x]l[arva]
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<date id="FFA71068FFF9567EFEBEFDD0FE0BFE54" box="[355,453,570,594]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" value="2021-05-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFE3E980FFF9567EFEBEFDD0FE0BFE54" box="[355,453,570,594]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" value="2021-05-26">26.v.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.N20.7285 E –156.2786
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<quantity id="4CE19B4DFFF9567EFEC1FDB3FEA2FE76" box="[284,364,601,625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2135.0">
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<elevation id="0034D19BFFF9567EFEC1FDB3FEA2FE76" box="[284,364,601,625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2135.0">2135 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFEA4FDB3FE66FE77" box="[377,424,601,625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Leg.</collectorName>
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[it]
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFE10FDB3FF06FE89" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">F. and K. Starr.</collectorName>
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DNA extract: DNA00249.
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||
<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFE0EFD9DFDFEFE89" box="[467,560,631,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Genitalia</collectorName>
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slide: KAA0900.
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||
<collectorName id="26EC537EFFF9567EFE99FD7CFE65FEA8" box="[324,427,662,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Deposited</collectorName>
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in
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE6DFFF9567EFE11FD7CFDDAFEAB" box="[460,532,662,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">UHIM</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFF75FD5EFE36F8E9" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF75FD5EFE36F8E9" blockId="12.[144,562,449,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF75FD5EFEE8FECA" bold="true" box="[168,294,692,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFEEEFD5FFF27FEEC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hyposmocom a k a mehamenui</emphasis>
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is very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFE46FD39FE46FF0F" authority="Schmitz and Rubinoff" authorityName="Schmitz and Rubinoff" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFE46FD39FDFEFEEC" box="[411,560,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. moopalikea</emphasis>
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Schmitz and Rubinoff
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</taxonomicName>
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, also found on East Maui, but
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFEECFCFAFE2DFF21" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[305,483,783,807]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFEECFCFAFE2DFF21" box="[305,483,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by having a clearly defined crescent-shaped black mark on the forewing vannal area, which is yellow/ white mottled with gray and black in
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFDC5FC60FECBFFB9" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFDC5FC60FECBFFB9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. moopalikea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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withoutanydistinctshapes.In addition, the head is entirely bright yellow, which usually has darker central scales in
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFF71FBE9FE8AF81C" box="[172,324,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF71FBE9FE8AF81C" box="[172,324,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. moopalikea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the male genitalia, the right brachium is about 2x long as it is wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFF2BFBAAFE6AF851" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[246,420,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF2BFBAAFE6AF851" box="[246,420,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and about 3x long as it is wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFEBDFBB4FE39F870" box="[352,503,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFEBDFBB4FE39F870" box="[352,503,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. moopalikea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. COI sequence data separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFE5EFB97FDFEF892" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[387,560,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFE5EFB97FDFEF892" box="[387,560,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other described and sequenced species in this group, minimum pairwise distance to nearest neighbor 7.95%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFF75FB1FFC0FFFA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFF75FB1FFC0FFFA7" blockId="12.[144,562,449,1567]" lastBlockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF75FB1FFEBEF90B" bold="true" box="[168,368,1269,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFEE7FB1FFEBEF90B" bold="true" box="[314,368,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFE55FB1CFE12F90B" box="[392,476,1269,1294]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[143,216,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[156,988,162,761]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[143,1007,144,776]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159775/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFE2CFB1CFDE7F908" box="[497,553,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Frons and vertex covered with light yellow appressed scales. Anterior basal part of haustellum with white scales. Labial palpus with light yellow and black scales interspersed, third palpomere 0.6x length of second palpomere. Antenna about 0.9x length of forewing. Scape black, white at the tip. Antennomeres black with white apices.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFF00F9EDFEE9FA19" box="[221,295,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Mostly black with some yellow mottling.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD23FF78FCF2FCAF" box="[766,828,146,169]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B4DFFF9567EFD8DFF45FD51FCC1" box="[592,671,175,199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ground color white to bright yellow, with black mottling throughout. Five ill-defined dark spots in the central wing area, distal 0.2x of the wing black, with small bright yellow spots along the wing apex. A crescent-shaped black spot in the vannal area. Forewing underside brown. Hindwings silvery-gray, fringe gray. Hindwing costal brush absent. Vannal brush absent. Hindwing underside gray.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD8DFE0AFDB1FDF1" box="[592,639,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Yellow with black laterally. Bright yellow apices on each segment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFC72FE14FDB5FE32" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark gray. Sternite sclerotization or sternite hooks on segment VII absent. Pleural lobes semi-circular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFC53FDB3FC2AFE77" box="[910,996,601,625]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[143,216,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[156,988,162,761]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[143,1007,144,776]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159775/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD8DFD9DFD25FE89" bold="true" box="[592,747,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFCDDFD9DFC45FE89" box="[768,907,631,655]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[143,216,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[156,988,162,761]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[143,1007,144,776]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159775/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae of various lengths along ventral edge of 0.7x of valva.Valvae symmetrical, curved dorsally, slightly widening posteriorly, with a smoothly rounded apex. Two spurs of equal size on the right valva, left two spurs on genitalia of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFF9567EFD25FCC4FC9DFF40" box="[760,851,814,838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
slide missing, but sockets visible. Anellus lobes absent. Right brachium tapering to a point, about 2x long as wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD26FC62FC87FFA6" bold="true" box="[763,841,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFDB5FC4DFD26F851" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFDB5FC4DFD26F851" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFDB5FC4DFD71FFB9" bold="true" box="[616,703,935,959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The final instar larval “burrito” case is ~5.0 mm long with a single opening, tapering at the opposite end with a twist at the tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF9567EFD22FBE8FC82F81C" box="[767,844,1026,1050]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[146,220,753,777]" captionTargetBox="[161,999,153,734]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[144,1008,144,741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the case is evenly covered with sand and moss particles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFDB5FBB7FC3FF892" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFDB5FBB7FC3FF892" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFDB5FBB7FD3EF873" bold="true" box="[616,752,1117,1141]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Onlyknownfromitstype locality on East Maui:Kamehamenui FR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567EFDB5FB71FD42F94C" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567EFDB5FB71FD42F94C" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFDB5FB71FD3AF8B5" bold="true" box="[616,756,1179,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet “kamehamenui” is a toponym noun in genitive case, referencing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFF9567EFCE9FB32FCAFF8F6" box="[820,865,1240,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality; Kamehamenui Forest Reserve in the Kamehamenui
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD6CFAF8FCDCF92D" box="[689,786,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">ahupuaʻa</emphasis>
|
||
(subdivision) of East Maui.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFF9567FFDB5FABBFE16FEEC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFF9567FFDB5FABBFE16FEEC" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" lastBlockId="13.[144,562,145,746]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFDB5FABBFD1FF96F" bold="true" box="[616,721,1361,1385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Five larval cases were collected.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF9567EFD41FA9AFC78F981" box="[668,950,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF9567EFD41FA9AFC78F981" box="[668,950,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hyposmocoma moopalikea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an aquatic species, its larvae were found in Palikea stream in Haleakalā National Park. We here present additional records from East Maui, in Makawao Forest Reserve and Hanamu Gulch, near Olinda (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-5MAUIHYP). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFF27FF5AFE5BFCC1" box="[250,405,175,199]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFF27FF5AFE5BFCC1" box="[250,405,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. moopalikea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFE13FF5AFF27FCE0" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFE13FF5AFF27FCE0" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a close geographic affinity, and highly similar external morphology and male genitalia, the DNA results and habitat suggest they are not sister species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFF8567FFF4AFEADFF1FFD59" box="[151,209,327,351]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[146,220,753,777]" captionTargetBox="[161,999,153,734]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[144,1008,144,741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on COI sequence in our dataset,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFF16FE8CFEB4FD78" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[203,378,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFF16FE8CFEB4FD78" box="[203,378,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes out closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFF75FE6FFDE0FD9A" authority="Schmitz and Rubinoff" authorityName="Schmitz and Rubinoff" box="[168,558,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFF75FE6FFE87FD9A" box="[168,329,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. aumakuawai</emphasis>
|
||
Schmitz and Rubinoff
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an aquatic species endemic to Kauaʻi, but it is likely that there are other unsampled species that are more closely related. The larval cases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFEEDFE14FE2CFE10" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,482,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFEEDFE14FE2CFE10" box="[304,482,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFDC5FE14FF38FE32" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kukilakila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFDC5FE14FF38FE32" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. kukilakila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kamehamenui FR were initially mixed in rearing lots because the smaller cases look very similar and they were collected from the same places, but later separated based on two distinct size classes and the presence of a twist at the tip of cases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFF8567FFEF9FD39FE1CFEEC" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[292,466,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFF8567FFEF9FD39FE1CFEEC" box="[292,466,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |