302 lines
35 KiB
XML
302 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="88FFD30929F801F202D877F21F37E839" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.182944" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc7b4f45-bb27-4e31-be7b-0abe157a30a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="182944" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459883395996" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V. & Aquino, Daniel A." docDate="2008" docId="0386EE4BF518FFEDFF19FCE0FE6F9848" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01818p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1818" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polynemula Ogloblin 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFBF9633F519FFEFFF8EFF82FFF99C02" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Polynemula, with description of a new species of Polynema (Doriclytus) from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698227684953" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="635B397CAD843C0AD03AD2E0F5A1DCA6">Redescription of Polynemula, with description of a new species of Polynema (Doriclytus) from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69C33F1250BBCB0317E78B23F5FE6C2A">Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5725C976E8A4A83088CCDC94F6EB066">Aquino, Daniel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3159C437B468AC6BE16CCED1CF0835B3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="686A1B0D95F645415EF6608C7A26F9C6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D2078C9F88382694B566429BBC6F58B">
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<mods:date id="6DF0B21DF1FAA5AB501768DB862126B1">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE4A5E9409716B7152FFD74B6C19156E">1818</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0386EE4BF518FFEDFF19FCE0FE6F9848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6228144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6228144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386EE4BF518FFEDFF19FCE0FE6F9848" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386EE4BF518FFEDFF19FCE0FE6F9848" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C3350CD6F518FFEEFF19FCE0FEE89F9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF19FCE0FE1C9F7E" blockId="1.[151,485,866,927]" box="[151,485,866,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D0D8E831F518FFEEFF19FCE0FE1C9F7E" bold="true" box="[151,485,866,892]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFF19FCE0FE1C9F7E" ID-CoL="63MWN" authority="Ogloblin, 1967" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,485,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19FCE0FE1C9F7E" bold="true" box="[151,485,866,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19FCE0FED19F7E" bold="true" box="[151,296,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFEA1FCE0FE1C9F7E" author="Ogloblin" box="[303,485,866,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Ogloblin, A. A. (1967) Mimaridos nuevos de Argentina (Hymenopt. Mymaridae). Acta Zoologic Lilloana, 22, 183 - 196." type="journal article" year="1967">Ogloblin, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF19FC07FEE89F9D" blockId="1.[151,485,866,927]" box="[151,273,901,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFF11FC07FEFE9F9D" box="[159,263,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3350CD6F518FFEEFF19FC57FAA29875" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF19FC57FC5A982E" blockId="1.[151,1436,981,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F7873F518FFEEFF19FC57FC5A982E" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFF19FC57FE099FEE" ID-CoL="63MWN" authority="Ogloblin 1967: 190" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,496,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19FC57FEEF9FEE" box="[151,278,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E794CF518FFEEFE93FC57FE099FEE" author="Ogloblin" box="[285,496,981,1004]" page="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFE93FC57FE429FEE" author="Ogloblin" box="[285,443,981,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Ogloblin, A. A. (1967) Mimaridos nuevos de Argentina (Hymenopt. Mymaridae). Acta Zoologic Lilloana, 22, 183 - 196." type="journal article" year="1967">Ogloblin 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 190
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5494E1FFF518FFEEFE75FC57FDC99FEE" box="[507,560,981,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFD1CFC57FC039FEE" ID-CoL="4LC69" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[658,1018,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufosignata">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFD1CFC57FC6A9FEE" box="[658,915,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula rufosignata</emphasis>
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Ogloblin
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFF19FC77FE79980E" ID-CoL="63MWN" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[151,384,1013,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19FC77FEEF980E" box="[151,278,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula</emphasis>
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Ogloblin
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E794CF518FFEEFE04FC77FD9C980E" author="De" box="[394,613,1013,1036]" page="376" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFE04FC77FDCB980E" author="De" box="[394,562,1013,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="De Santis, L. (1979) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Publicacion Especial, Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 488 pp." type="book" year="1979">
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<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF518FFEEFE04FC77FE50980E" box="[394,425,1013,1036]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">De</collectingCountry>
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Santis 1979
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 376
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E794CF518FFEEFD57FC77FC4A980E" author="Yoshimoto" box="[729,947,1013,1036]" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFD57FC77FC74980E" author="Yoshimoto" box="[729,909,1013,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp." type="book" year="1990">Yoshimoto 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 15
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 67–68 (brief diagnosis and discussion, list of species; incorrectly stated that only a single female is known).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF19FBDFFAA29875" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" box="[151,1371,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19FBDFFEB59875" bold="true" box="[151,332,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Redescription.</emphasis>
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FEMALE. Body length
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<quantity id="4CD7F2B8F518FFEEFDE1FBDFFD069875" box="[623,767,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
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. Body (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFCD4FBDFFC599875" box="[858,928,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) and appendages light to dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3350CD6F518FFEEFF48FB07FE5A9AF5" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48FB07FA9C989D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" box="[198,1381,1157,1183]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Head a little wider than mesosoma. Face with a pit next to each torulus (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFB9BFB07FBA4989D" box="[1045,1117,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Mandible 3–dentate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48FB2FFB8598ED" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFEB4FB2FFE7998C5" box="[314,384,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Scape smooth on both surfaces; funicle 6–segmented, with all segments notably longer than wide and without longitudinal sensilla; clava entire, with 7 longitudinal sensilla.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48FB7FFC8B99DD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Mesosoma (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFEDBFB7FFE479915" box="[341,446,1277,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
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). Propleura abutting each other anteriorly along midline, the prosternum thus closed anteriorly; pronotum partially divided mediolongitudinally (anteriorly only) [not visible in
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFB68FAA7FAD7993D" box="[1254,1326,1317,1343]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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but well illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFEB9FACFFE009965" author="Ogloblin" box="[311,505,1357,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Ogloblin, A. A. (1967) Mimaridos nuevos de Argentina (Hymenopt. Mymaridae). Acta Zoologic Lilloana, 22, 183 - 196." type="journal article" year="1967">Ogloblin (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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]; axilla not well differentiated; scutellar sensilla a little closer to anterior margin of scutellum than to row of frenal foveae; propodeum with 2 subparallel submedial carinae, diverging and elevated anteriorly (best seen in lateral view) and connected by a weaker transverse carina close to propodeal anterior margin; lateral carinae incomplete and inconspicuous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48FA6FFE409A55" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Wings (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFEAFFA6FFE909A05" box="[289,361,1517,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Marginal vein of forewing elongate, with two dorsal macrochaetae; forewing disc more or less uniformly setose, with a faint infumation (a cross-band) beyond venation.
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<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF518FFEEFBDEF997FB729A2D" box="[1104,1163,1557,1583]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing disc inconspicuously infumate medially.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48F9E7FB9E9ACD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Metasoma (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFEDCF9E7FE629A7D" box="[338,411,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Petiole attached to gastral tergum, a little longer than wide; gaster (
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<figureCitation id="131443D8F518FFEEFB59F9E7FAE69A7D" box="[1239,1311,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,847,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[404,1184,837,1908]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Polynemula rufosignata, female. 1. Antenna without scape (holotype). 2. Body (lateral view, paratype). 3. Mesosoma (holotype, pronotum not entirely visible). 4. Gaster (ventral view, holotype). 5. Wings (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) elongate; ovipositor strongly projecting anteriorly underneath mesosoma, extending up to posterior margin of prosternum, and notably protruding beyond gastral apex (by 1/7–1/5 of ovipositor length).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEEFF48F95FFE5A9AF5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" box="[198,419,1757,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">MALE. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3350CD6F518FFEDFF48F887FDE59FF8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B905F5DF518FFEDFF48F887FDE59FF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1117,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,1098]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF48F887FEBF9B1D" bold="true" box="[198,326,1797,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The ovipositor strongly produced anteriorly underneath the mesosoma makes recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFF19F8AFFEDA9B44" box="[151,291,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFF19F8AFFEDA9B44" box="[151,291,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quite easy among the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFD33F8AFFCCB9B44" box="[701,818,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFD33F8AFFCCB9B44" box="[701,818,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group genera, although this character occurs in several other (unrelated) genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFD9BF8D7FD669B6D" box="[533,671,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFC80F8D7FBAA9B6D" authority="Nees. Among" authorityName="Nees. Among" box="[782,1107,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFC80F8D7FC5C9B6C" box="[782,933,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Gonatocerus</emphasis>
|
||
Nees. Among
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFA93F8D7FA6B9B6C" box="[1309,1426,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFA93F8D7FA6B9B6C" box="[1309,1426,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- group genera, however, only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFD98F8FFFCCE9B95" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[534,823,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platypolynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFD98F8FFFD3F9B94" box="[534,710,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Platypolynema</emphasis>
|
||
Ogloblin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ovipositor is also strongly produced anteriorly, but unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFE94F827FE5F9BBC" box="[282,422,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFE94F827FE5F9BBC" box="[282,422,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF518FFEEFE36F827FD919BBC" box="[440,616,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platypolynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF518FFEEFE36F827FD919BBC" box="[440,616,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Platypolynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a pit near each torulus and has distinct V-shaped subantennal grooves on the face and a characteristic forewing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFD6EF84FFBAE9BE5" author="Triapitsyn" box="[736,1111,1997,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Berezovskiy, V. V. (2002) Revision of Kalopolynema, with notes on Platypolynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 611 - 619." type="journal article" year="2002">Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF518FFEEFBE7F84FFAC49BE5" author="Yoshimoto" box="[1129,1341,1997,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp." type="book" year="1990">Yoshimoto (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mistakenly included the presence of subantennal grooves on the face in his brief diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFB19FF1AFADA9CB3" box="[1175,1315,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFB19FF1AFADA9CB3" box="[1175,1315,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFF4AFF42FE3F9CD8" authority="Yoshimoto" authorityName="Yoshimoto" box="[196,454,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF4AFF42FEC49CDB" box="[196,317,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
Yoshimoto
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Neotropical, occurring at high altitudes only),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFB89FF42FAD89CD8" authority="Taguchi" authorityName="Taguchi" box="[1031,1313,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Himopolynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFB89FF42FB439CDB" box="[1031,1210,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Himopolynema</emphasis>
|
||
Taguchi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oriental, Palaearctic, and Australasian), and the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFD5FFF6AFC259D00" authority="(Doriclytus)" baseAuthorityName="Doriclytus" box="[721,988,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFD5FFF6AFCBF9D03" box="[721,838,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFCD9FF6AFC2A9D03" box="[855,979,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Doriclytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(almost cosmopolitan except for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF51BFFEDFAEDFF6AFF2A9D28" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF51BFFEDFE83FE92FE549D28" box="[269,429,272,298]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
) have a pit near each torulus and the prosternum closed by propleura anteriorly, as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF19FEBAFED39D53" box="[151,298,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFF19FEBAFEDE9D53" box="[151,295,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polynemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No other Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFDB7FEBAFD579D53" box="[569,686,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFDB7FEBAFD579D53" box="[569,686,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFCFAFEBAFC029D50" box="[884,1019,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has this combination of characters except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFE9AFEE2FDCD9D78" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[276,564,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Xenopolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFE9AFEE2FE3B9D7B" box="[276,450,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Xenopolynema</emphasis>
|
||
Ogloblin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter has a short ovipositor, a broadened petiole, semicircular carinae on the propodeum, and the forewing disc with a conspicuous darkening below marginal vein (demarcating the archaic basal vein) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE22ACF51BFFEDFE53FE32FCAE9DC8" author="Triapitsyn" box="[477,855,432,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Berezovskiy, V. V. (2007) Review of the Oriental and Australasian species of Acmopolynema, with taxonomic notes on Palaeoneura and Xenopolynema stat. rev. and description of a new genus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1455, 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="2007">Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, each of these genera has a distinctive arrangement of carinae on the propodeum: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFD3AFE5AFCB99DF3" box="[692,832,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFD3AFE5AFCB99DF3" box="[692,832,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two submedial carinae are subparallel, diverging and elevated anteriorly, and connected by a weaker transverse carina close to the anterior margin of the propodeum; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFEC7FDAAFE059E43" box="[329,508,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Himopolynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFEC7FDAAFE059E43" box="[329,508,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Himopolynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two submedial carinae can be either far apart or close to each other and are not connected; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFEE2FDD2FE1C9E6B" box="[364,485,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFEE2FDD2FE1C9E6B" box="[364,485,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the submedial carinae are H-shaped; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFC43FDD2FB229E68" authority="(Doriclytus)" baseAuthorityName="Doriclytus" box="[973,1243,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFC43FDD2FBBB9E6B" box="[973,1090,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFBDAFDD2FB299E6B" box="[1108,1232,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Doriclytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the propodeum can be either without carinae, with an incomplete or complete medial carina, or (as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFB22FDFAFAB89E93" box="[1196,1345,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Barypolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidiventre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFB22FDFAFAB89E93" box="[1196,1345,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">pallidiventre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group) with transverse wrinkles and two short, incomplete submedial carinae at the posterior margin of the propodeum. At this point, without a rigorous phylogenetic analysis and availability of molecular data on these taxa, any discussion on their possible relationships would be highly speculative. Links with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFB49FD72FAB99F0B" box="[1223,1344,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFB49FD72FAB99F0B" box="[1223,1344,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFF19FC9AFED59F33" box="[151,300,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Barypolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidiventre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF19FC9AFED59F33" box="[151,300,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">pallidiventre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFE76FC9AFCFC9F30" authority="(Doriclytus)" baseAuthorityName="Doriclytus" box="[504,773,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFE76FC9AFD949F33" box="[504,621,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFDF0FC9AFD039F33" box="[638,762,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Doriclytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, are most likely; the similar wing structure and somewhat similar submedial carinae on the propodeum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFCD7FCC2FC2B9F5B" box="[857,978,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFCD7FCC2FC2B9F5B" box="[857,978,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may warrant synonymy of that genus under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFF6CFCEAFE979F83" box="[226,366,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF6CFCEAFE979F83" box="[226,366,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the future. Hovewer, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFCBDFCEAFC559F83" box="[819,940,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFCBDFCEAFC559F83" box="[819,940,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a normal, relatively short ovipositor and occur only at high altitudes in the Neotropics whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFCD4FC12FC1F9FAB" box="[858,998,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFCD4FC12FC1F9FAB" box="[858,998,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the lowlands in Buenos Aires area in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF51BFFEDFE26FC3AFDD99FD0" box="[424,544,952,978]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Therefore, at present at least, proposing synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFB5AFC3AFAB49FD3" box="[1236,1357,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Platyfrons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFB5AFC3AFAB49FD3" box="[1236,1357,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Platyfrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F24DEF51BFFEDFF19FC62FEDA9FFB" box="[151,291,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynemula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF19FC62FEDA9FFB" box="[151,291,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Polynemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be premature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3350CD6F51BFFEDFF48FB85FE6F9848" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B905F5DF51BFFEDFF48FB85FE129820" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1098]" box="[198,491,1031,1058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF48FB85FE9E9823" bold="true" box="[198,359,1031,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3381FCDF51BFFEDFEE0FB8AFE1E9820" box="[366,487,1032,1058]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B905F5DF51BFFEDFF48FBADFE6F9848" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1098]" box="[198,406,1071,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B834FF51BFFEDFF48FBADFEEA984B" bold="true" box="[198,275,1071,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |