217 lines
29 KiB
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217 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="EE58244A216E51E0C76F0358BA0DF046" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7195bc23-268b-49ec-bc5c-a36f6002c4ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237172" ID-ZooBank="FB7C9022-8FFF-4EB4-8C04-7F96848F56EA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461247274057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Carlos Guilherme Costa, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2015" docId="320B5C174E16FFE1FF59FC96FACD221F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p283.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melanis caatingensis Callaghan & Nobre 2014, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="282" masterDocId="CE32246F4E11FFE6FFCEFF89FFF62571" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853] and notes on the taxonomic position of two species hitherto included in the genus (Riodinidae: Riodininae)" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="282" updateTime="1698606723791" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7AF622DCFEDF536CBFFAA19B561A83C2">Description of two new species of Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853] and notes on the taxonomic position of two species hitherto included in the genus (Riodinidae: Riodininae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="108641EAF7D3733A58B83FFCAA6D5493">Dias, Fernando Maia Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D507894DEFE5AFC14EBC681C79286BC">Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFDF54D66058D4812E35289F8B528325">Mielke, Carlos Guilherme Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F6D06670A26EE00353AD6C9FCC65227">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C0F6CA242357FC8EA65886F1B328A58">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9BDEBD62601172ED43B42F0321D91060">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A65CB1949B407CB09C134D138CD8534B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F52144E46C4349011F8591F8C0DC27C8">3981</mods:number>
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<treatment id="320B5C174E16FFE1FF59FC96FACD221F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6098680" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6098680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320B5C174E16FFE1FF59FC96FACD221F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/320B5C174E16FFE1FF59FC96FACD221F" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<subSubSection id="F2B8BE8A4E16FFE1FF59FC96FACD221F" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA1DED014E16FFE1FF59FC96FC8A264B" blockId="7.[151,892,799,859]" box="[151,892,799,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="E1555A6D4E16FFE1FF59FC96FC8A264B" bold="true" box="[151,892,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FF59FC96FC8A264B" bold="true" box="[151,892,799,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FF59FC96FD19264B" authority="Callaghan & Nobre, 2014" authorityName="Callaghan & Nobre" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,751,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FF59FC96FE602648" bold="true" box="[151,406,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis caatingensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FE6BFCA9FD11264B" author="Callaghan" box="[421,743,800,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Callaghan & Nobre, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E58C684E16FFE1FD38FCA9FC8A264B" box="[758,892,800,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA1DED014E16FFE1FF59FCCBFE39262A" blockId="7.[151,892,799,859]" box="[151,463,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2299F1844E16FFE1FF51FCCBFED6262A" box="[159,288,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,339,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,339,1512]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Species belonging to Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853], Pachythone Bates, 1868 and Melanis Hübner, [1819], dorsal and ventral. 1 – 4. Pheles plaumanni sp. nov. 1 – 2. Male holotype, Nova Teutônia, Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.363). 3 – 4. Female allotype, Nova Teutônia, Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.344). 5 – 12. Pheles atricolor atricolor. 5 – 8. Typical phenotype pattern from Atlantic ombrophilous dense forest and Araucaria moist forest. 5 – 6. Male, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.294). 7 – 8. Female, Cedro, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 28.312). 9 – 12. Phenotype pattern from Cerrado and Atlantic semideciduous forest. 9 – 10. Male, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 26.412). 11 – 12. Female, Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 28.316). 13 – 14. Pheles obscura sp. nov. female holotype, Piên, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 30.136). 15 – 16. Pachythone bicolor comb. nov. male, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.362). 17 – 20. Melanis caatingensis comb. nov. 17 – 18. Male paratype, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil (DZ 31.899). 19 – 20. Female paratype, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil (DZ 31.938)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237173/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Figs 17–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2299F1844E16FFE1FEE5FCCAFE82262A" box="[299,372,835,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,964,987]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,193,943]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 32. Male head of some species belonging to Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853], Pachythone Bates, 1868 and Melanis Hübner, [1819], frontal and lateral. 21 – 22. Pheles plaumanni sp. nov. 23 – 26. Pheles atricolor atricolor. 23 – 24. Typical phenotype pattern from Atlantic ombrophilous dense forest and Araucaria moist forest. 25 – 26. Phenotype pattern from Cerrado and Atlantic semideciduous forest. 27 – 28. Pheles obscura sp. nov. 29 – 30. Pachythone bicolor comb. nov. 31 – 32. Melanis caatingensis comb. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">31–32</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2299F1844E16FFE1FEB1FCCBFE6B262A" box="[383,413,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1688,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,844,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,844,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Male genitalia of some species belonging to Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853], Pachythone Bates, 1868 and Melanis Hübner, [1819]. 33. Pheles plaumanni sp. nov., paratype (DZ 21.010). 34. Pheles atricolor atricolor. 35. Pachythone bicolor comb. nov. 36. Melanis caatingensis comb. nov., paratype (DZ 21.059)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237175/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">36</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2299F1844E16FFE1FE67FCCAFE31262A" box="[425,455,835,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 40" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1253,1276]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,589,1232]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 40. Female genitalia of some species belonging to Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853] and Melanis Hübner, [1819]. 37. Pheles plaumanni sp. nov., paratype (DZ 21.017). 38. Pheles atricolor atricolor. 39. Pheles obscura sp. nov., holotype. 40. Melanis caatingensis comb. nov., paratype (DZ 28.358)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237176/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">40</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA1DED014E16FFE1FF59FC03FACD221F" blockId="7.[151,1437,906,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF59FC03FE3E26D2" author="Callaghan" box="[151,456,906,931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Callaghan & Nobre (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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expressed their doubts about the generic placement of this recently described species, indicating a number of divergent characters from those observed in typical
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<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FBC5FC27FBA026B6" box="[1035,1110,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FBC5FC27FBA026B6" box="[1035,1110,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pheles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FAC4FC27FED8269A" author="Callaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Callaghan & Nobre (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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provisionally described this species in
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<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FD2DFC5BFCD8269A" box="[739,814,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FD2DFC5BFCD8269A" box="[739,814,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pheles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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until its proper generic placement could be ascertained. Closer examination reveals several characters that support its placement in
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<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FC26FC7FFB56217E" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[1000,1184,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FC26FC7FFBB4217E" box="[1000,1090,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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, [1819], as defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF59FB93FEC22142" author="Stichel" box="[151,308,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">Stichel (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FE8AFB95FE902142" box="[324,358,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">i.e.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FEA2FB95FD742142" authority="Blanchard, 1840" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1840" box="[364,642,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Lymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FEA2FB95FE342142" box="[364,450,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Lymnas</emphasis>
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Blanchard, 1840
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FD47FB95FD312142" box="[649,711,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FD03FB93FC982142" author="Stichel" box="[717,878,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">Stichel (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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; see
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FC6DFB93FB872142" author="Hemming" box="[931,1137,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type - species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology), 9 (Supplement), 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming (1967))</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FBB5FB93FAEE2142" author="Stichel" box="[1147,1304,1050,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">Stichel (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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divided the genus in two sections and a number of cohorts, and he noted that the general conformation of the male genitalia is similar among them, differing only in specific characters. These characters includes the ventral arm of the tegumen dorsally horizontal and projected anteriorly, connecting ventrally to the strap–like saccus (“L–shaped vinculum”
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FF59FB25FF2321B2" box="[151,213,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">sensu</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF2FFB23FDE621B2" author="Callaghan" box="[225,528,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Callaghan & Nobre 2014</bibRefCitation>
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); valve comparatively very large, ventrally tapering to a point and projected dorsally; transtilla developed and lobed; and aedeagus strongly curved ventrally and posteriorly tapering to a point, with the anterior end enlarged and bulbous. The shape of the distal end of the fultura inferior, described by
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF59FA9FFE3D205E" author="Callaghan" box="[151,459,1302,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Callaghan & Nobre (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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as a “fork serving as a guide for the aedeagus”, were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FB15FA9FFA8D205E" author="Stichel" box="[1243,1403,1302,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">Stichel (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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as “saddle–shaped” (“Sattelförmig” and “Selle”
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<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FD57FAB5FD212022" box="[665,727,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FD11FAB3FC982022" author="Stichel" box="[735,878,1338,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">Stichel 1911</bibRefCitation>
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), and is identical between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FB54FAB5FABA2022" box="[1178,1356,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FB54FAB5FABA2022" box="[1178,1356,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E58C684E16FFE1FA9AFAB3FF3E2006" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FA9AFAB3FF3E2006" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FEB4FAD7FE222006" box="[378,468,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FEB4FAD7FE222006" box="[378,468,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In females, the ductus bursae sclerotized near to the ostium, the pear-shaped corpus bursae and the slit-shaped signa, one dorsal and other ventral, also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FBD8FA0BFB8620EA" box="[1046,1136,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FBD8FA0BFB8620EA" box="[1046,1136,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The following taxa were examined for further comparisons and similar general characters were observed:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FBEAFA2EFF2E2092" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithiae" subSpecies="smithiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FBEAFA2EFAF920CE" box="[1060,1295,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. smithiae smithiae</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dissected, male DZ 32.045, female DZ 31.892),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FCE9FA45FBB82092" authority="Hewitson" authorityName="Hewitson" box="[807,1102,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="xenia" subSpecies="xenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FCE9FA45FC222092" box="[807,980,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. xenia xenia</emphasis>
|
||
Hewitson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [1853] (dissected, male DZ 32.047),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FF35FA66FD632376" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[251,661,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="electron" subSpecies="auriferax">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FF35FA66FE1E2376" box="[251,488,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. electron auriferax</emphasis>
|
||
(Stichel, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dissected, male DZ 31.978),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FC2AFA66FA6A2376" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1861" box="[996,1436,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinaron">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FC2AFA66FBA92377" box="[996,1119,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. cinaron</emphasis>
|
||
C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF50F99BFE13235A" author="Stichel" box="[158,485,1554,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911" yearSuffix="e">Stichel 1911: pl. 13, Fig. 53e</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FE37F99DFC8A235A" authority="Seitz, 1913" authorityName="Seitz" authorityYear="1913" box="[505,892,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aegates" subSpecies="araguaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FE37F99DFD13235A" box="[505,741,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. aegates araguaya</emphasis>
|
||
(Seitz, 1913)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dissected, male DZ 32.034),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FB03F99DFECB233E" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aegates" subSpecies="albugo">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FB03F99DFA6A235A" box="[1229,1436,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. aegates albugo</emphasis>
|
||
(Stichel, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dissected, female DZ 31.993). Other characters commonly observed in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FB2CF9BFFACA233E" box="[1250,1340,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FB2CF9BFFACA233E" box="[1250,1340,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as the wing pattern with white subapical bands (although the yellow color is more frequent in the genus), lighter colored scales over the veins (instead of lighter colored lines radiating from the base of the wings between veins observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FEEBF92BFE8623CA" box="[293,368,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FEEBF92BFE8623CA" box="[293,368,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and blotches of reddish scales on the base of the wings, thorax and pleura of the abdomen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE3390F04E16FFE1FF50F94FFDF923AE" author="Callaghan" box="[158,527,1734,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Nobre, C. E. B (2014) A new species of Pheles Herrich - Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780, 558 - 566. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Callaghan & Nobre 2014:
|
||
<figureCitation id="2299F1844E16FFE1FE05F94FFDF923AE" box="[459,527,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,339,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,339,1512]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 20. Species belonging to Pheles Herrich – Schäffer, [1853], Pachythone Bates, 1868 and Melanis Hübner, [1819], dorsal and ventral. 1 – 4. Pheles plaumanni sp. nov. 1 – 2. Male holotype, Nova Teutônia, Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.363). 3 – 4. Female allotype, Nova Teutônia, Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.344). 5 – 12. Pheles atricolor atricolor. 5 – 8. Typical phenotype pattern from Atlantic ombrophilous dense forest and Araucaria moist forest. 5 – 6. Male, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.294). 7 – 8. Female, Cedro, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 28.312). 9 – 12. Phenotype pattern from Cerrado and Atlantic semideciduous forest. 9 – 10. Male, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 26.412). 11 – 12. Female, Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 28.316). 13 – 14. Pheles obscura sp. nov. female holotype, Piên, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 30.136). 15 – 16. Pachythone bicolor comb. nov. male, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 28.362). 17 – 20. Melanis caatingensis comb. nov. 17 – 18. Male paratype, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil (DZ 31.899). 19 – 20. Female paratype, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil (DZ 31.938)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237173/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), further support the proposed combination. Nevertheless, only a comprehensive phylogeny for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FEAAF963FE382272" box="[356,462,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
could ascertain if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FD55F965FCBA2272" box="[667,844,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FD55F965FCBA2272" box="[667,844,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E58C684E16FFE1FC9DF963FC252272" box="[851,979,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FC9DF963FC252272" bold="true" box="[851,979,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a highly derived species nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FF59F887FF072256" box="[151,241,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FF59F887FF072256" box="[151,241,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or if it is sister or closely related to the genus. The sickle shape of the tip of the aedeagus and the corresponding sclerotized curled ductus bursae appear to be unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FC00F8BDFB74223A" box="[974,1154,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FC00F8BDFB74223A" box="[974,1154,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">M. caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E58C684E16FFE1FB43F8BBFAE6223A" box="[1165,1296,1842,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FB43F8BBFAE6223A" bold="true" box="[1165,1296,1842,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; the orange color of the gena, labial palpus and prothorax distinguish this species from any known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296824E16FFE1FB14F8DFFAC2221E" box="[1242,1332,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D631134E16FFE1FB14F8DFFAC2221E" box="[1242,1332,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |