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<document id="C3120A5B4854AE85A4AC7D5F761C2CB8" ID-CLB-Dataset="27406" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4561.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4c53401-22d0-41f9-a5e5-cf19b6844663" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627892" ID-ZooBank="C8FE29A7-B2E6-4EE7-81F6-D15B2641A2A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554323313477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Neuhaus, Birger, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Yamasaki, Hiroshi &amp; Higgins, Robert P." docDate="2019" docId="03BA87CCFFC867312AB8EB82DAA59738" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4561.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4561 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Condyloderes megastigma Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FF83FFB4FF9967632A2FED49D9199678" masterDocTitle="Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698718403251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3D4EFCCEAB2956ED3D49341102CC2F3E">Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="936BC99D1D3E512981BBFF6A9CE470F3">Neuhaus, Birger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="467C9E32152D7D1157C92B3BD7706C09">Zotto, Matteo Dal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3861F03302E047259DE3F190D24E4B8">Yamasaki, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30462C08F1721416A357612345D67E49">Higgins, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFC867322AB8EB82DBD1909C" box="[151,712,1738,1765]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFC867322AB8EB82DBD1909C" blockId="81.[151,712,1738,1765]" box="[151,712,1738,1765]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0E481B6FFC867322AB8EB82DBD1909C" bold="true" box="[151,712,1738,1765]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322AB8EB82DBD1909C" bold="true" box="[151,712,1738,1765]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322B6DEB83D8EC909C" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[322,501,1738,1764]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322B6DEB83D8EC909C" bold="true" box="[322,501,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322814EB83DBD1909C" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[571,712,1738,1764]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322814EB83DBD1909C" bold="true" box="[571,712,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFC867312AB8EA58DAA59738" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFC867312AB8EA58DAA59738" blockId="81.[151,1436,1809,2014]" lastBlockId="82.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322AB8EA58D8DA9151" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,451,1809,1833]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322AB8EA58D8DA9151" box="[151,451,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Condyloderes megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC86732284DEA5BDBF29151" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[610,747,1810,1833]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC86732284DEA5BDBF29151" box="[610,747,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the possession of a lateral accessory cuspidate spine on segment 4
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322B32EA7FD87C9135" box="[285,357,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">versus</emphasis>
the lack of this character in
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC8673228E0EA7FDA429135" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[719,859,1846,1869]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC8673228E0EA7FDA429135" box="[719,859,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFC86732295FEA7CDAC19136" box="[880,984,1845,1870]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="24.[170,256,215,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. Characters of known species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens of a given species. Number of studied specimens mounted for light microscopy provided in () after species name. Features appearing anteriorly on a segment do not show any background, features located centrally on a segment are indicated by a grey background, and characters occurring posteriorly on a segment are marked in black. Characters found in one gender only are indicated. Characters occupying an intermediate position to two reference positions are arranged right or left in a column (on segment 1: paradorsally to subdorsally, subdorsally to laterodorsally, laterodorsally to midlaterally, and ventromedially to paraventrally; on segment 10: ventromedially to paraventrally). Abbreviations:?, character questionable but probable (comp. text for respective species); [], indicates variation in some specimens; ac, acicular spine; amp, area of micropapillae; ap, appendage; gc, gland cell outlet; la, lateral accessory; ld, laterodorsal; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv, lateroventral; md, middorsal; ml, midlateral; mts, midterminal spine; ne, nephridial openings; pd, paradorsal; pv, paraventral; sd, subdorsal; sl, sublateral; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot; vl, ventrolateral; vm, ventromedial." pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Tables 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFC8673229C5EA7FDAE39136" box="[1002,1018,1846,1870]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / , character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli &amp; Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov &amp; Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="81" pageNumber="82">7</tableCitation>
). Female
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322E5AEA7FDC3A9135" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1141,1315,1846,1869]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322E5AEA7FDC3A9135" box="[1141,1315,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display a paraventral type-1 (?) sensory spot on segments 25 (
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFC8673228C5EA10DA4C910A" box="[746,853,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[209,1369,199,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[209,1369,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Condyloderes setoensis (previously C. megastigma). A, B. Habitus of female (holotype of C. megastigma, ZMUC-KIN-250) in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view. Cuspidate spines highlighted by grey colour. Scale bar 100 µm, valid for A and B. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; cu, cuspidate spine; gp, gonopore; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; md3, middorsal spines of segment 3; mts, midterminal spine; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627940/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs 24A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFC86732294FEA10DA8D910A" box="[864,916,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,194,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[162,1422,193,1707]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 25. Condyloderes setoensis (previously C. megastigma), female (holotype of C. megastigma, ZMUC-KIN-250), ventral view, DIC. A. Neck and segments 14, right ventrolateral spine of segment 2 dislocated from attachment site (black arrow); white arrows point to reduced pectinate fringe of free flap; black arrowheads mark potential type-1 sensory spots. B. Neck with placids and interstitial placids. C. Segments 5 and 6. D. Segments 710. E. Segment 10. F. Segments 9 and 10; arrows mark processes of tergal plates articulating with sockets of sternal plates; black arrowheads indicate potential type-5 sensory spots. Note gonopores at different focal levels in DF. White arrowheads in A and CF mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in A 50 µm, valid for A and B. Scale bar in C 50 µm. Scale bar in F 50 µm, valid for DF. Abbreviations: amp, femalespecific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; bpl, broader placid; co, condyle of placid; cu, cuspidate spine; cy, crystal in mounting medium; fa, filamentous appendage at trichoscalid; ff, free flap; gp, gonopore; ip, interstitial placid; mvpl, midventral placid; lv2, lateroventral spine of segment 2; npl, narrower placid; s6, segment 6; tr, trichoscalid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627942/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">25A</figureCitation>
), but this character is only barely visible in the single female of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322B74EA37D8FA91ED" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[347,483,1918,1941]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322B74EA37D8FA91ED" box="[347,483,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of its staining (
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFC86732292FEA34DA7391EE" box="[768,874,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,248,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,274,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[164,1425,274,1756]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Condyloderes setoensis, female (USNM 1490850) in optical section (A) and ventral view (BE), DIC. A. Segments 31 with ovaries. B. Segments 15; arrows mark area of reduced free flap on segment 1. C. Segments 25; arrows mark potential type-1 (?) sensory spots. D. Segments 611; note appendages and area of micropapillae. Arrowheads in B and D mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in A 100 µm. Scale bar in C 50 µm. Scale bar in E 50 µm, valid for B, D, and E. Abbreviations: amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; bpl, broader placid; cu, cuspidate spine; dv, dorsoventral muscle; ff, free flap; gp, gonopore; lm, longitudinal muscle; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; mts, midterminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; npl, narrower placid; ov, ovary; pa, pachycyclus; ph, pharynx; s2, segment 2; tr, trichoscalid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627936/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
). One paratypic male of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322EA3EA37DC0C91ED" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[1164,1301,1918,1941]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322EA3EA37DC0C91ED" box="[1164,1301,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AVA-CM- Jap02) exhibits a lateral accessory cuspidate spine on segment 4 on one side only, so the specimen shows a character intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC867322BD1EA8FDBBE91A5" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[510,679,1990,2013]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC867322BD1EA8FDBBE91A5" box="[510,679,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFC8673228CFEA8FDA7E91A5" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[736,871,1990,2013]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFC8673228CFEA8FDA7E91A5" box="[736,871,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This finding means that characters to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312AB8EDD1D85996D7" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,320,152,175]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312AB8EDD1D85996D7" box="[151,320,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312BA9EDD1DB1496D7" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[390,525,152,175]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312BA9EDD1DB1496D7" box="[390,525,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lacking. Therefore, we herewith conclude that
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312E7FEDD1DDE096D7" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1104,1273,152,175]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312E7FEDD1DDE096D7" box="[1104,1273,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312AFBEDF5D84696AC" authorityName="Adrianov, Murakami &amp; Shirayama" authorityYear="2002" box="[212,351,188,212]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312AFBEDF5D84696AC" box="[212,351,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. setoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and represents a junior synonym of this species. We also interpret the minor differences in sensory spot and spine occurrence between the populations recorded from relatively close areas in the
<collectingCountry id="F304764AFFCB67312F3BEDA9DC41968F" box="[1300,1368,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Korea</collectingCountry>
Strait as variation (comp. also chapters Original material of “
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312924EC4DDC8B9765" authority="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim, 2010 b" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[779,1426,260,285]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312924EC4DDD2D9764" box="[779,1076,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Condyloderes megastigma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFCB67312E12EC4DDC8B9765" author="Sorensen, M. V. &amp; Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, D." box="[1085,1426,260,285]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="234 - 242" refId="ref39346" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, D. (2010 b) A new species of Condyloderes (Cyclorhagida, Kinorhyncha) from Korea. Zoological Science, 27, 234 - 242." type="journal article" year="2010">Sørensen, Rho &amp; Kim, 2010b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
” and Additional material of “
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFCB67312BFCEC61DBE29747" authorityName="Sorensen, Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2010" box="[467,763,296,320]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="megastigma">
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFCB67312BFCEC61DBE29747" box="[467,763,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Condyloderes megastigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”;
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFCB67312939EC6EDA6F9738" box="[790,886,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="24.[170,256,215,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. Characters of known species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens of a given species. Number of studied specimens mounted for light microscopy provided in () after species name. Features appearing anteriorly on a segment do not show any background, features located centrally on a segment are indicated by a grey background, and characters occurring posteriorly on a segment are marked in black. Characters found in one gender only are indicated. Characters occupying an intermediate position to two reference positions are arranged right or left in a column (on segment 1: paradorsally to subdorsally, subdorsally to laterodorsally, laterodorsally to midlaterally, and ventromedially to paraventrally; on segment 10: ventromedially to paraventrally). Abbreviations:?, character questionable but probable (comp. text for respective species); [], indicates variation in some specimens; ac, acicular spine; amp, area of micropapillae; ap, appendage; gc, gland cell outlet; la, lateral accessory; ld, laterodorsal; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv, lateroventral; md, middorsal; ml, midlateral; mts, midterminal spine; ne, nephridial openings; pd, paradorsal; pv, paraventral; sd, subdorsal; sl, sublateral; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot; vl, ventrolateral; vm, ventromedial." pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Tables 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFCB673129ADEC61DA8B9738" box="[898,914,296,320]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="46.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Condyloderes setoensis, morphological data of additional adult specimens (length in µm; data given for left/" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFCB673129B1EC61DAB79738" box="[926,942,296,320]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / , character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli &amp; Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov &amp; Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>