258 lines
31 KiB
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258 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="72C3092B28E03F0DC0012A2B7EAD6C58" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5160884" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5160884" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628111888009" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Warner, William B." docDate="2011" docId="03BA87C3BC40FF8EF9E9FC449216695A" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0174.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2011 (174)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Orizabus ligyroides Horn 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF83FFBBBC47FF86F929FFE6964E6D06" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Orizabus Fairmaire in the United States of America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699034722259" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D72110A57AAD24C840AE1A25E01239E3">
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<mods:title id="168910A8521568E35A07E3198DF90BC9">Review of the genus Orizabus Fairmaire in the United States of America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4C5F3FC196807D710DA942B1ADAD38E1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="64A8FC07918D9572A58B2811F9C96594">Warner, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="919AF7C85ACCC278EF89D1B8DD5C3F30">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D7B7477F804AA358C589503819E8BE6">
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<mods:date id="AF027902F04CCE186FDAADB87288A826">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D2748DB8A1DAE9B2A6C3D9E56B77243C">2011-04-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="61B596E287026878B65B30C4EFEA9EB9">2011</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C8D5334190E1008ACA61AEF75AA8C839" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="713FAA5F09F64B38A44E23EE6C49C2DC">174</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DDA875F8901B4739FBBAD6E4C4271168">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D8C51E009F6C6B4EEA07CBC47AE5B4B1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2150B22F7152717AF5A1317E654E9289" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5160884</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F7F48985DAC7C367BAC62D97F60BC39" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5FD72D15EFC98032933360B5B1D5B4CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">5160884</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87C3BC40FF8EF9E9FC449216695A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87C3BC40FF8EF9E9FC449216695A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87C3BC40FF8EF9E9FC449216695A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C309655EBC40FF81F9E9FC4494596EBD" box="[192,535,930,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9FC4494596EBD" blockId="7.[192,535,930,987]" box="[192,535,930,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0E481B9BC40FF81F9E9FC4494596EBD" bold="true" box="[192,535,930,955]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81F9E9FC4494596EBD" authority="Horn" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[192,535,930,955]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9FC4494596EBD" bold="true" box="[192,535,930,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9FC4497846EBD" bold="true" box="[192,458,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Orizabus ligyroides</emphasis>
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Horn
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309655EBC40FF81F9E9FC25944C6EDD" box="[192,514,963,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9FC25944C6EDD" blockId="7.[192,535,930,987]" box="[192,514,963,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81F9E9FC25976B6EDD" box="[192,293,963,987]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="17.[192,289,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-35@17.[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 1-4. Dorsal and right lateral views of head and anterior third of pronotum: 1-2) O. clunalis. 3-4) O. ligyroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3, 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81F818FC2597336EDD" box="[305,381,963,987]" captionStart="Figures 26-31" captionStartId="24.[192,289,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[203,1433,192,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[203,1433,192,1846]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figures 26-31. Dorsal and lateral views of paramera: 26, 28) O. clunalis. 27, 29) O. ligyroides. 30) O. pinalicus holotype. 31) O. rubricollis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">27, 29</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81F8A0FC2597E76EDD" box="[393,425,963,987]" captionStart="Figures 37-38" captionStartId="27.[192,289,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-15@27.[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 37-38. Dorsal view of female head and anterior pronotum: 37) O. clunalis (Arizona), 38) O. ligyroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160912/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">38</figureCitation>
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; Map 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C309655EBC40FF81F9E9FBE595CE693D" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9FBE595CE693D" blockId="7.[192,1440,1027,1084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0311FBBC40FF81F9E9FBE595CE693D" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB210C4BC40FF81F9E9FBE5943E691D" author="Horn, G. H." box="[192,624,1027,1051]" page="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81F9E9FBE5943E691D" authority="Horn 1885: 125" authorityName="Horn" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1885" box="[192,624,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9FBE597FE691D" box="[192,432,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Orizabus ligyroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B24BC40FF81F89FFBE2943E691D" author="Horn, G. H." box="[438,624,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="117 - 128" refId="ref12728" refString="Horn, G. H. 1885. Descriptions of new North American Scarabaeidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 12: 117 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Horn 1885:125</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB210C4BC40FF81FB52FBE595F7691D" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & R. D. Cave" box="[635,953,1027,1051]" page="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B24BC40FF81FB52FBE595F7691D" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & R. D. Cave" box="[635,953,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref13047" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., and R. D. Cave. 2010. New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 0127: 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2010">Ratcliffe and Cave 2010:1</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FAEAFBE59246691D" bold="true" box="[963,1032,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Type</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A88877BC40FF81FD3FFBE592C8691D" box="[1046,1158,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female (MCZC #3705); type locality: “...collected by Mr. Morrison in
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<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC40FF81FA24FBC5953C693D" box="[781,882,1059,1083]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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”.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309655EBC40FF81F9E9FB8595D26B7D" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9FB8593EE687D" blockId="7.[192,1440,1123,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9FB85971F697D" bold="true" box="[192,337,1123,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length 19.0 to 27.5 mm, width at humeri 9.0 to 12.5 mm, widest width 11.0 to 16.0 mm. Large for genus, parallel sided to wider behind but not distinctly pyriform. Clypeus subtriangular, with apex narrowly rounded; clypeal carina apparently apical, distinctly bidentate, teeth rounded, contiguous such that carina appears medially cleft (
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81FB8FFB2594A569DD" box="[678,747,1219,1243]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="17.[192,289,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-35@17.[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 1-4. Dorsal and right lateral views of head and anterior third of pronotum: 1-2) O. clunalis. 3-4) O. ligyroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81FBDEFB25955669DD" box="[759,792,1219,1243]" captionStart="Figures 37-38" captionStartId="27.[192,289,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-15@27.[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 37-38. Dorsal view of female head and anterior pronotum: 37) O. clunalis (Arizona), 38) O. ligyroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160912/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">38</figureCitation>
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). Maximum dorsal eye width usually between 1/3 and 1/4 of minimum dorsal interocular width. Pronotum with posterior marginal bead distinct (in all
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<collectingCountry id="F3047645BC40FF81FC50FB0593EE69FD" box="[1401,1440,1251,1275]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">US</collectingCountry>
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specimens examined). Male with dorsal margin of protibia edentate, bladelike; pronotum anteromedially with perceptible to large depressed area, anterior marginal bead posterodorsally prolonged at midline into conical tubercle; paramera without apical incisure, essentially identical to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81FD81FAA29362685D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1192,1324,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FD81FAA29362685D" box="[1192,1324,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. clunalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but with lateral subapical “tooth” (a short carina) usually less evident, and apex usually more oblique (
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<figureCitation id="13282A50BC40FF81FC3DFA8593DA687D" box="[1300,1428,1379,1403]" captionStart="Figures 26-31" captionStartId="24.[192,289,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[203,1433,192,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[203,1433,192,1846]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figures 26-31. Dorsal and lateral views of paramera: 26, 28) O. clunalis. 27, 29) O. ligyroides. 30) O. pinalicus holotype. 31) O. rubricollis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 27, 29</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9D9FA65942A68DD" blockId="7.[192,1440,1123,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Female with dorsal margin of protibia tridentate, its apex oblique; pronotum with posterior margin of anterior marginal bead subangularly broadened or forming tubercle as in male, disc without or with weak anteromedial depressed area.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9F9E5946C6B3D" blockId="7.[192,1440,1539,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9F9E597ED6B1D" bold="true" box="[192,419,1539,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">US Distribution.</emphasis>
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AZ, NM, southwestern KS, western TX. The
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<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC40FF81FAEEF9E292106B1D" box="[967,1118,1539,1563]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC40FF81FD40F9E292FB6B1D" box="[1129,1205,1540,1563]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Texas</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC40FF81FDDDF9E2931E6B1D" box="[1268,1360,1540,1563]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Kansas</collectingRegion>
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localities are all new state records.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF81F9E9F98595D26B7D" blockId="7.[192,924,1635,1659]" box="[192,924,1635,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9F98597A46B7D" bold="true" box="[192,490,1635,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
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1135; see appendix for locality data.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309655EBC40FF8EF9E9F9459216695A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC40FF8EF9E9F94595DF6C29" blockId="7.[192,1441,1699,1884]" lastBlockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9E9F945970D6BBD" bold="true" box="[192,323,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Bates (1888) apparently synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81FA3EF94295E16BBD" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[791,943,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FA3EF94295E16BBD" box="[791,943,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. ligyroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81FD5FF94292B46BBD" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1142,1274,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FD5FF94292B46BBD" box="[1142,1274,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. clunalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a status that has been carried on by all subsequent authors until
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B24BC40FF81FA6BF92592356BDD" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & R. D. Cave" box="[834,1147,1731,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref13047" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., and R. D. Cave. 2010. New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 0127: 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2010">Ratcliffe and Cave (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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recently resurrected
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81FCADF92297796BFD" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FCADF92297796BFD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. ligyroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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without comment. In fact, the
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<typeStatus id="54A88877BC40FF81FB81F90294936BFA" box="[680,733,1764,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
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specimens of both species are females.
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81FD9DF90593EE6BFD" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[1204,1440,1763,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81FD9DF90593EE6BFD" box="[1204,1440,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Orizabus ligyroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabits desert grassland, prairie, and oak and juniper woodland habitats at elevations between about 1000 and
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<quantity id="4CEB9B30BC40FF81F81FF8C597DC6A3D" box="[310,402,1827,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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. In intermediate elevations (oak and juniper woodland) it may be taken at light along with
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC40FF81F9D7F8A297CD6A5D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[254,387,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC40FF81F9D7F8A297CD6A5D" box="[254,387,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which it resembles in size and genital form. It may immediately be differentiated from that species, however, by its thicker (in lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFA19FF2595D96DDE" bold="true" box="[816,919,195,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat preferences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFD9AFF2593086DDE" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[1203,1350,195,216]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD9AFF2593086DDE" box="[1203,1350,195,216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. ligyroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFCAFFF2593EE6DDE" box="[1414,1440,195,216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O.</emphasis>
|
||
view), subtriangular (in dorsal view) clypeus and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFA19FF0695C46DF3" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[816,906,224,245]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFA19FF0695C46DF3" box="[816,906,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by comparing locality records from apparently apical clypeal carina with contiguous the Cave Creek drainage in the Chiricahua Mountains, teeth (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A50BC4FFF8EF852FEC597976C3D" box="[379,473,291,315]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="17.[192,289,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-35@17.[192,1439,192,1849]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 1-4. Dorsal and right lateral views of head and anterior third of pronotum: 1-2) O. clunalis. 3-4) O. ligyroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5160886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1-4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A50BC4FFF8EF8CDFEC594656C3D" box="[484,555,291,315]" captionStart-0="Figure 36" captionStart-1="Figures 37-38" captionStartId-0="26.[192,276,1248,1270]" captionStartId-1="27.[192,289,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1440,192,1229]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@26.[192,1440,192,1229]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@27.[192,1440,192,1858]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="Figure 36. Orizabus clunalis: Anterolateral view of male (Texas) head and pronotum." captionText-1="Figures 37-38. Dorsal view of female head and anterior pronotum: 37) O. clunalis (Arizona), 38) O. ligyroides." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160910" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160912" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5160910/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5160912/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">36-38</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC4FFF8EFA19FEFF95C36C29" box="[816,909,281,303]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9D9FEA5955E6C5D" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[240,784,323,347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The different habitat preferences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFBDBFEA2955E6C5D" box="[754,784,324,347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFBDBFEA2955E6C5D" box="[754,784,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FE85955E6C7D" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[192,784,355,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EF9E9FE8597766C7D" box="[192,312,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">ligyroides</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EF85BFE8297B96C7D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[370,503,355,379]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EF85BFE8297B96C7D" box="[370,503,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are illustrated by com-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FE65955E6C9D" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[192,784,387,411]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">paring locality records for both species from the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FE45955E6CBD" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[192,784,419,443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cave Creek drainage in the Chiricahua Mountains,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FE25955E6CDD" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[192,784,451,475]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F837BC4FFF8EF9E9FE25976E6CDD" box="[192,288,451,475]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The proportion of specimens collected from
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FE05955E6CFD" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" box="[192,784,483,507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">the vicinity of Portal at the canyon’s mouth, ver-</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9E9FDE292AF6E7D" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
sus the proportion of specimens collected near or above the AMNH Southwestern Research Station five miles up the canyon, is essentially reversed for the two species (Table 1). Collecting bias between the species is not a factor as the adults are of similar size and color, and had not been recognized as distinct since Bates’ (1888) synonymy. Portal is at the ecotone between mesquite-creosote bush grassland that surrounds the mountains and oak-juniper woodland which begins at the mountain base and is replaced by pine forest at higher elevations. The Southwestern Research Station is located in mixed juniper-oakpine association.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EF8BEFD2594C76FDD" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[407,649,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EF8BEFD2594C76FDD" box="[407,649,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Orizabus ligyroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in the desert grasslands below Portal; however, the grasslands are relatively poorly collected. Portal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFA2FFD0295C66FFD" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[774,904,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFA2FFD0295C66FFD" box="[774,904,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records may result from beetles flying downhill from more montane locations; high elevation habitats are only a short distance “as the crow flies” from lowland habitats because of the mountain’s steep grade. Or, these records may represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFC37FCC293EE6E3D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1310,1440,803,827]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFC37FCC293EE6E3D" box="[1310,1440,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following the cooler riparian habitat of Cave Creek to a lower elevation; Portal is also essentially the end of the dense broadleaf canopy that occurs along the more montane portions of the creek.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9D9FC6592A56EDD" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Given the differences in clypeal shape and habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88877BC4FFF8EFA7AFC6295C66E9A" box="[851,904,900,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFD0BFC6292E86E9D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1058,1190,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD0BFC6292E86E9D" box="[1058,1190,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. clunalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFD9DFC6293036E9D" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[1204,1357,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD9DFC6293036E9D" box="[1204,1357,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. ligyroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults probably do not feed on coniferous plants. Common plants where most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFD18FC4292806EBD" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1885" box="[1073,1230,931,955]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligyroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD18FC4292806EBD" box="[1073,1230,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. ligyroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found include grasses, mesquite (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFB23FC2294D26EDD" box="[522,668,963,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFB23FC22943D6EDD" box="[522,627,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Prosopis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), juniper (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFA32FC22958F6EDD" box="[795,961,963,987]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFA32FC2295D76EDD" box="[795,921,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Juniperus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and oaks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFD64FC2292936EDD" box="[1101,1245,963,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD64FC2292FD6EDD" box="[1101,1203,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36D5BC4FFF8EF9D9FC059216695A" blockId="8.[192,1441,195,1116]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Interestingly, the
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EF8E6FC0295466EFD" box="[463,776,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
O. pyriformis-O.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFB89FC0595466EFD" authorityName="Warner" authorityYear="2011" box="[672,776,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcclevei">mcclevei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pair is analogous to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFD1DFC0293116EFD" box="[1076,1375,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
O. ligyroides-O.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFDD5FC0593116EFD" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1276,1375,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clunalis">clunalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pair, with the grassland species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EFB31FBE294F3691D" box="[536,701,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EFB31FBE294F3691D" box="[536,701,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. pyriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) having a more angular clypeus with apical carina, and the more montane
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D56BC4FFF8EF854FBC29444693D" authorityName="Warner" authorityYear="2011" box="[381,522,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Orizabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcclevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC7BC4FFF8EF854FBC29444693D" box="[381,522,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. mcclevei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a parabolic clypeus with subapical carina. Perhaps the narrowed clypeus and apparently apical carina is an adaptation for feeding on grasses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |