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<document id="3302F9DC8B39739FBC6B53205803D5EB" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13136911" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722360455222" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J." docDate="2013" docId="03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.2.1.15-54.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 2 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Amynthas gracilis subsp. gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF83FFC8F658D606A946F91BFF97B017" masterDocTitle="Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1722361037191" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E6E8F18A72819D2640C89E6F31E786C5">Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16A9CC801CEC567048F4EA2FD0BE58D7">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="30830E437A0914F3F4A5EFAE8D0081CD">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B223F7A52D2F8CF7281A3EA523DC1BC1">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E7A11C39666D4921B0801CF0D39519ED">2013-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7C82B11557C57880B5F2EAE8CEE82219" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5934E3B908435D7C0E2F0BA2B7780365" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="C309652DF653D60DAA7EFD9FFA99B48B" box="[824,1294,1156,1180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F653D60DAA7EFD9FFA99B48B" blockId="11.[824,1294,1156,1213]" box="[824,1294,1156,1180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0E481CAF653D60DAA7EFD9FFA99B48B" bold="true" box="[824,1294,1156,1180]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAA7EFD9FFA99B48B" ID-CoL="84WCW" authority="(Kinberg, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[824,1294,1156,1180]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subSpecies="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFD9FFA99B48B" bold="true" box="[824,1294,1156,1180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFD9FFBC0B48B" bold="true" box="[824,1111,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Amynthas gracilis gracilis</emphasis>
(Kinberg, 1867)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DF653D60DAA7EFDBEFC0BB4AA" box="[824,924,1189,1213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F653D60DAA7EFDBEFC0BB4AA" blockId="11.[824,1294,1156,1213]" box="[824,924,1189,1213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFDBEFC0BB4AA" bold="true" box="[824,924,1189,1213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
[
<figureCitation id="13282A23F653D60DAA79FDBEFC01B4AA" box="[831,918,1189,1213]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[157,190,1718,1739]" captionTargetBox="[337,1252,245,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-57@14.[302,1346,218,1730]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 8. A.?Amynthas gracilis gracilis spermatheca from 7rhs, male field and caeca from 27rhs; B. Amynthas gracilis insularum sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium and pygidium, spermathecae, prostate in situ and caecum in 27 with [boxed] enlargement of male pore 18lhs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13136925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13136925/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
]
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DF653D60DAA7EFDFEFB50B52A" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F653D60DAA7EFDFEFB50B52A" blockId="11.[824,1430,1253,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFDFEFB8CB4EA" bold="true" box="[824,1051,1253,1277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</emphasis>
IV000251208 from Cheonji-yeon Falls, 13
<superScript id="7C669BEEF653D60DAAD4FC18FC08B504" attach="left" box="[914,927,1283,1299]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
June, 2012. Mature specimen sketched and dissected providing DNA sample (w63).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DF653D60DAA7EFC5EFB19B648" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F653D60DAA7EFC5EFB19B648" blockId="11.[824,1430,1253,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFC5EFC56B54A" bold="true" box="[824,961,1349,1373]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D7F844F653D60DAA8BFC5DFC6EB549" box="[973,1017,1350,1374]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Jeju</collectingRegion>
specimen in summary). Genital marking discs median to male pores, postsetally with small stalked glands corresponding internally. Spermathecal pores in 5/6/7/8, first dorsal pore in 11/12. Septa 7/8 present to base of gizzard, 8/9 absent. Spermathecae in 6-8, with saccular ampulla on muscular duct with thin diverticula stalk having small, spherical bulb. Holandric. Prostates glands well developed in 18. Intestinal caeca incis- ed ventrally. Typhlosole absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DF653D60BAA7EFF7CFF40B2EC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F653D60AAA7EFF7CFD26B7B5" blockId="11.[824,1430,1253,1984]" lastBlockId="12.[157,762,1866,1986]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFF7CFC30B668" bold="true" box="[824,935,1639,1663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
The current specimen complies morphologically with current concepts of “
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAD3BFF9CFB7EB688" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1149,1257,1671,1695]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAD3BFF9CFB7EB688" box="[1149,1257,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (e.g., by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F653D60DAC15FF9CFCF8B6A8" author="Gates, G. E." pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref16676" refString="Gates, G. E. 1972. Burmese Earthworms, an introduction to the systematics and biology of Megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to South-East Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 62 (7): 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1972">Gates, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F653D60DAA3DFFBCFBF6B6A8" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; B. M. Gerard" box="[891,1121,1703,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refId="ref17407" refString="Sims, R. W. and B. M. Gerard. 1999. Earthworms. Synopses of the British Fauna. No. 31 (revised). Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, pp. 169." type="journal volume" year="1999">Sims &amp; Gerard, 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F653D60DAD28FFBCFAA4B6A8" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[1134,1331,1703,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refId="ref15759" refString="Blakemore, R. J. 2010 b. Cosmopolitan Earthworms. 4 th Edition. VermEcology So (i) lutions, Yokohama, Japan pp. 750 + ~ 350 Figs. and links." type="journal volume" year="2010">Blakemore, 2010b</bibRefCitation>
), another cosmopolitan species from tropical and warm temperate localities.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F653D60DAAE1FFFCFBE1B6E8" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[935,1142,1767,1791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refId="ref15759" refString="Blakemore, R. J. 2010 b. Cosmopolitan Earthworms. 4 th Edition. VermEcology So (i) lutions, Yokohama, Japan pp. 750 + ~ 350 Figs. and links." type="journal volume" year="2010">Blakemore (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DADB2FFFCFCF3B708" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2009" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bouchei">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DADB2FFFCFCF3B708" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Amynthas bouchei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAA35FE13FC79B708" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2009" box="[883,1006,1799,1823]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="omodeoi">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA35FE13FC79B708" box="[883,1006,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">A. omodeoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAD63FE13FB31B708" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2009" box="[1061,1190,1799,1823]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAD63FE13FB31B708" box="[1061,1190,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">A. edwardsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all by Zhao &amp; Qiu in Zhao
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA3EFE33FC21B757" box="[888,950,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.,</emphasis>
2009 from
<collectingRegion id="49D7F844F653D60DAD7CFE33FB1DB757" box="[1082,1162,1832,1856]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047636F653D60DADD0FE33FB41B757" box="[1174,1238,1832,1856]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">China</collectingCountry>
in the same
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAC23FE33FC01B777" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawayanus">
“
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAC37FE33FC01B777" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">hawayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group”, are possible syns. nov. of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAC3BFE53FC1EB797" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAC3BFE53FC1EB797" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F653D60DAADEFE73FB2EB797" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; E. G. Easton" box="[920,1209,1896,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref17344" refString="Sims, R. W. and E. G. Easton. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims &amp; Easton (1972: 176</bibRefCitation>
, 214) remarked that
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAA7EFE93FC1BB7B7" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[824,908,1928,1952]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFE93FC1BB7B7" box="[824,908,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the type-species of the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F653D60DAA7EFEB2FBBDB7D7" authority="Kinberg, 1867" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[824,1066,1960,1984]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Nitocris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F653D60DAA7EFEB2FC1CB7D7" box="[824,907,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Nitocris</emphasis>
Kinberg, 1867
</taxonomicName>
, a pre-occupied name, and made it representative of their
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F654D60AA8C8FE51FD86B775" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[398,529,1866,1890]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawayanus">
“
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F654D60AA8DCFE51FD86B775" box="[410,529,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">hawayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group” while noting that the precise identity of the type-series could not be established as the specimens are immature.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C662EF654D60AA9DBFFC3FBC9B71F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13136921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13136921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13136921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" startId="12.[157,190,1752,1773]" targetBox="[375,1218,253,1739]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F654D60AA9DBFFC3FBC9B71F" blockId="12.[157,1427,1752,1800]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F654D60AA9DBFFC3FF4DB6FA" bold="true" box="[157,218,1752,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F654D60AA9A7FFC2FE4EB6FA" box="[225,473,1753,1773]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="corticis" subSpecies="saeseum">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F654D60AA9A7FFC2FE4EB6FA" box="[225,473,1753,1773]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Amynthas corticis saeseum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium, spermathecae (those on lhs from P1), gland in 18 and caeca
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F654D60AA869FFE8FEF0B710" box="[303,359,1779,1799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">in situ</emphasis>
with [boxed] enlargement of spermathecae from H and P1 and of male area 18rhs].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F654D60AA9F5FEB1FAD3B7B5" blockId="12.[157,762,1866,1986]" lastBlockId="12.[822,1427,1866,1986]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
Kinberg’s original description, in full, was: “
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F654D60AABCDFEB0FAA6B7B5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F654D60AABCDFEB0FD6DB7D5" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[651,762,1962,1986]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">N. gracilis</taxonomicName>
n. Lobus cephalicus longitudinem partis mediae superioris segmenti buccalis aequans; segmenta 89-91; longitudo
<quantity id="4CEB9B43F654D60AAA11FE91FC53B7B5" box="[855,964,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="42.0">42-66 mm</quantity>
. Rio de Janeiro, in horto botanico
</emphasis>
.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6F654D60BAA0BFEB1FF40B2EC" blockId="12.[822,1427,1866,1986]" lastBlockId="13.[159,765,257,763]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
The current specimen complies with earlier descriptions although it lacks the GMs frequently seen in some or all of 6-8,9 near the spermathecal pores in 5/6/7/8 and in groups of up to eleven (or twelve) median to male pores and sometimes on 17 and 19 too (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F655D60BAB45F879FD2BB16D" author="Gates, G. E." box="[515,700,354,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref16676" refString="Gates, G. E. 1972. Burmese Earthworms, an introduction to the systematics and biology of Megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to South-East Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 62 (7): 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1972">Gates, 1972: 189</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57F655D60BAB81F87AFE10B18D" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; B. M. Gerard" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refId="ref17407" refString="Sims, R. W. and B. M. Gerard. 1999. Earthworms. Synopses of the British Fauna. No. 31 (revised). Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, pp. 169." type="journal volume" year="1999">Sims &amp; Gerard, 1999: 130</bibRefCitation>
). Without reference to DNA data, this would reasonably be the first record from
<collectingCountry id="F3047636F655D60BABF4F8B9FD6FB1AE" box="[690,760,418,441]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="28">Korea</collectingCountry>
. However, a potential sub-species is tentatively described below that differs from the more familiar concept of the cosmopolitan
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F655D60BA87FFB19FE3BB20D" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[313,428,514,538]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F655D60BA87FFB19FE3BB20D" box="[313,428,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="28">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, yet its DNA - at least for the part of the COI gene - agrees 100% with the current specimen. At the same time, the only previously
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25F655D60BABCAFB58FD6AB24D" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[652,765,578,602]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4F655D60BABCAFB58FD6AB24D" box="[652,765,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="28">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
barcodes from
<collectingCountry id="F3047636F655D60BA804FB78FEE8B26D" box="[322,383,611,634]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
seem to indicate slight differences (Appendix). Morphology and DNA are recorded, leaving the outcome of the issue of correct identity and taxonomic relationship of either taxon flagged for future reference.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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