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<mods:title id="6F274C2E1CA9D456C805775C43F749AD">Onuphis and Aponuphis (Annelida: Onuphidae) from southwestern Europe, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBFFFA5FF2BF93CFDE5C4A2" blockId="12.[151,578,1756,1782]" box="[151,578,1756,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">
<heading id="D0E481EDFFBFFFA5FF2BF93CFDE5C4A2" bold="true" box="[151,578,1756,1782]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBFFFA5FF2BF93CFDE5C4A2" bold="true" box="[151,578,1756,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBFFFA5FF52F93CFDE5C4A2" ID-CoL="84LSL" authority="Kucheruk, 1978" authorityName="Kucheruk" authorityYear="1978" box="[238,578,1756,1782]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBFFFA5FF52F93CFED5C4A2" bold="true" box="[238,370,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">Aponuphis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBFFFA5FEC5F93CFDE5C4A2" author="Kucheruk" box="[377,578,1756,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" refString="Kucheruk, N. V. (1978) Deep-water Onuphidae (Polychaeta) from the collections of the 16 th cruise of the R / V Dmitry Mendeleev (to the generic classification of the family Onuphidae). Trudy Institutyi Okeanologii Akademia Nauk SSSR, 113, 88 - 106." type="journal article" year="1978">Kucheruk, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBFFFA5FF2BF8C3FE7DC56D" blockId="12.[151,1128,1827,1880]" box="[151,474,1827,1849]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBFFFA5FF2BF8C3FE71C56D" ID-CoL="84LSL" authority="Kucheruk, 1978: 91" authorityName="Kucheruk" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,470,1827,1849]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBFFFA5FF2BF8C3FEA3C56D" box="[151,260,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">Aponuphis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB21090FFBFFFA5FEB5F8C3FE71C56D" author="Kucheruk" box="[265,470,1827,1849]" page="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBFFFA5FEB5F8C3FE17C56D" author="Kucheruk" box="[265,432,1827,1849]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" refString="Kucheruk, N. V. (1978) Deep-water Onuphidae (Polychaeta) from the collections of the 16 th cruise of the R / V Dmitry Mendeleev (to the generic classification of the family Onuphidae). Trudy Institutyi Okeanologii Akademia Nauk SSSR, 113, 88 - 106." type="journal article" year="1978">Kucheruk, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 91
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C309650AFFBFFFA5FF2BF8A3FBCFC50C" box="[151,1128,1858,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBFFFA5FF2BF8A3FBCFC50C" blockId="12.[151,1128,1827,1880]" box="[151,1128,1858,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">
<typeStatus id="54A88823FFBFFFA5FF2BF8A3FF6EC50C" box="[151,201,1859,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBFFFA5FE9AF8A2FD14C50C" authority="Baird, 1870: 358" authorityName="Baird" authorityPageNumber="358" authorityYear="1870" box="[294,691,1858,1880]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Hyalinoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBFFFA5FE9AF8A2FDA5C50C" box="[294,514,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">Hyalinoecia bilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBFFFA5FDB4F8A2FD24C50C" author="Baird" box="[520,643,1858,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" refString="Baird, W. (1870) Remarks on several genera of annelids belonging to the group Eunicea with a notice of such species as are contained in the collection of the British Museum and a description of some others hitherto undescribed. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 10, 341 - 361. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1869. tb 00665. x" type="journal article" year="1870">Baird, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 358
</taxonomicName>
by original designation. Gender: feminine.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C309650AFFBFFFA4FF2BF864FC6FC349" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="12" pageNumber="357" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBFFFA4FF2BF864FC6FC349" blockId="12.[151,1436,1924,2021]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBFFFA5FF2BF864FEB6C5C9" bold="true" box="[151,273,1924,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="357">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Prostomium anteriorly extended; with oval frontal lips, short palps and long antennae, ceratophores with up to 20 rings; peristomial cirri absent. Anterior three to six (rarely seven to eight) pairs of parapodia modified but not enlarged, with bi- to tridentate (rarely quadridentate) pseudocompound to compound hooks; median hooks slightly larger. Ventral cirri subulate on four to seven chaetigers. Dorsal limbate chaetae from chaetiger 1, ventral limbate chaetae replacing hooks from chaetiger 4 or later until replaced by bidentate hooded subacicular hooks from chaetiger 915. Branchiae, rarely absent, usually present from chaetiger 4, rarely 17; single filament. Tubes thin, consisting of inner mucous and outer layer of sand or broken shells.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C309650AFFBEFFA4FF7BFEC7FE7CC0BB" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBEFFA4FF7BFEC7FD00C034" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FF7BFEC7FE9CC314" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specific identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FDD8FEC8FD7BC314" box="[612,732,296,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FDD8FEC8FD7BC314" box="[612,732,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">Aponuphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been problematic. Too much emphasis was placed on too few diagnostic characters, such as branchiae and the pseudocompound hooks of the anterior modified parapodia. This was compounded by the fact that these structures are size-dependent during ontogeny and in some species the adult state of a character is only attained when the worm has reached two-thirds of its maximum size. Although the species display distinctive colour patterns, there is intraspecific variation of patterns due to varying degrees of pigmentation. Two schools of thought developed with respect to the nomenclature of the group.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FB6DFE3CFACBC3A1" author="Bellan" box="[1233,1388,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Bellan, G. (1964) Contribution a l'etude systematique, bionomique et ecologique des annelides polychetes de la Mediterranee. These, Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Aix-Marseille, 371 pp." type="book" year="1964">Bellan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FF2BFDE0FEFAC04C" author="Amoureux" box="[151,349,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Amoureux, L. (1971) Problemes biologiques suggeres par certaines repartitions d'Annelides Polychetes dans la zone meuble intertidale. Divers problemes sont evoques a propos de la repartition de Travisia forbesi et d'Ophelia bicornis. Vie et Milieu, Supplement 22 (2), 701 - 705." type="journal article" year="1971">Amoureux (1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FED7FE1FFE03C04C" author="Amoureux" box="[363,420,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Amoureux, L. (1976) Annelides polychetes recoltes par J. Stirn en 1969, sur les cotes marocaines du Detroit de Gibraltar. Cuadernos de Ciencias Biologicas de la Universidad de Granada, 5, 5 - 33." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
) considered all subspecies and related species of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FC5FFDE0FBCFC04C" box="[995,1128,512,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Hyalinoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FC5FFDE0FBCFC04C" box="[995,1128,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">A. bilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ecological “forms” and synonyms of that species, while among others
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FD70FDC4FC42C069" author="Laubier" box="[716,997,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Laubier, L. &amp; Paris, J. (1962) Faune marine des Pyrenees Orientales 4: Annelides Polychetes. Vie et Milieu, 13 (Supplement), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">Laubier &amp; Paris (1962)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FC4BFDC4FB1BC069" author="Glemarec" box="[1015,1212,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Glemarec M. (1969) Les peuplements benthiques du plateau continental Nord-Gascogne. These d'Etat, Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 167 pp." type="book" year="1969">Glémarec (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FB42FDC4FA3BC068" author="Guille" box="[1278,1436,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Guille, A. (1971) Bionomie benthique de plateau continental de la cote catalane francaise. VI. Donnees autoecologiques (macrofaune). Vie et Milieu, 22, 469 - 527." type="journal article" year="1971">Guille (1971)</bibRefCitation>
maintained the validity of the different species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3681FFBEFFA4FF7BFD8CFE7CC0BB" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FF7BFD8CFE04C0D0" author="Fauvel" box="[199,419,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Fauvel, P. (1923) Faune de France: Polychetes errantes. Paul Lechevalier, Paris, 488 pp." type="book" year="1923">Fauvel (1923: 424)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FE4FFD8CFC28C0D1" authority="Claparede, 1868" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" box="[499,911,620,645]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FE4FFD8CFD1FC0D0" box="[499,696,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">Aponuphis rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B70FFBEFFA4FD76FD8CFC21C0D1" author="Claparede" box="[714,902,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" refString="Claparede, E. (1868) Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 19, 313 - 584." type="journal article" year="1868">Claparède, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FC05FD8CFB08C0D0" box="[953,1199,620,644]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Hyalinoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FC05FD8CFB08C0D0" box="[953,1199,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">Hyalinoecia bilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FB05FD8DFA97C0D0" box="[1209,1328,620,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" rank="variety" variety="rigida">
var.
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FB50FD8CFA97C0D0" box="[1260,1328,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Bay of Biscay, Santander and Madeira. However, we have been unable to trace this statement to a primary record. We are here reporting four species of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FD85FD54FD16C098" box="[569,689,692,716]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FD85FD54FD16C098" box="[569,689,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">Aponuphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southwestern Europe, of which
<taxonomicName id="4C134D02FFBEFFA4FBEAFD54FB62C098" box="[1110,1221,692,716]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Aponuphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="13" pageNumber="358" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="willsiei">
<emphasis id="B967EA93FFBEFFA4FBEAFD54FB62C098" box="[1110,1221,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="358">A. willsiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new record for the Iberian Peninsula waters.
</paragraph>
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