155 lines
20 KiB
XML
155 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="93A948B6AC121232AB7D20667BF67DBD">Halacarus socius (Acari: Halacaridae), description of the male and diagnoses of species of the Halacarus actenos group</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBACF0E07C71C8DFDA5FD2F" authority="Trouessart, 1889" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,590,691,718]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actenos">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07C71C8DFDA5FD2F" bold="true" box="[151,590,691,718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07C71C8DFE93FD2C" bold="true" box="[151,376,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Halacarus actenos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E06D01C8AFDA5FD2F" author="Trouessart" box="[384,590,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Trouessart, E. (1889) Revue synoptique de la famille des Halacaridae. Bulletin scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique, Serie 3, 20, 225 - 251." type="journal article" year="1889">Trouessart, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0E07C71CC3FC64FCCD" blockId="8.[151,1436,762,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBACF0E07C71CC3FD6FFCF3" authority="Trouessart" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,644,762,785]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actenos">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07C71CC3FEBDFCF2" box="[151,342,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Halacarus actenos</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E06351CC2FD6FFCF3" author="Trouessart" box="[357,644,763,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Trouessart, E. (1889) Revue synoptique de la famille des Halacaridae. Bulletin scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique, Serie 3, 20, 225 - 251." type="journal article" year="1889">Trouessart (1889: 239–240)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E05C01CC3FBDDFCF3" author="Lohmann" box="[656,1078,762,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Lohmann, H. (1893) Die Halacarinen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt Stiftung, 2. G. a, 11 - 95." type="journal article" year="1893">Lohmann (1893: 83–85, pl. 10, figs 1–2)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E03121CC3FA73FCF3" author="Andre" box="[1090,1432,762,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Andre, M. (1946) Halacariens marins. Faune de France, 46, 152 pp." type="book" year="1946">André (1946: 60–62, figs 28–30)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E07971D20FDC5FCD2" author="Newell" box="[199,558,793,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Newell, I. M. (1947) A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 10, 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="1947">Newell (1947: 87–91, figs 94–102)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E05691D20FC60FCCD" author="Bartsch" box="[569,907,793,815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Bartsch, I. (1980) Halacaridae (Acari) aus der Bucht von Morlaix (Bretagne). Acarologia, 21, 34 - 45." type="journal article" year="1980">Bartsch (1980: 38–39, figs 2–15)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309651DFFBACF0E07C71D62FD07FA3A" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0E07C71D62FD9CFAE2" blockId="8.[151,1437,859,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07C71D62FEE1FC96" bold="true" box="[151,266,859,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(on the basis of specimens from the French Channel coast). Length of female 785–879 µm (750 µm according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E06791DB9FE09FC75" author="Trouessart" box="[297,482,895,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Trouessart, E. (1889) Revue synoptique de la famille des Halacaridae. Bulletin scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique, Serie 3, 20, 225 - 251." type="journal article" year="1889">Trouessart 1889</bibRefCitation>
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), of male 555–670 µm (650 µm according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E04B51DB9FB76FC75" author="Trouessart" box="[997,1181,895,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Trouessart, E. (1889) Revue synoptique de la famille des Halacaridae. Bulletin scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique, Serie 3, 20, 225 - 251." type="journal article" year="1889">Trouessart 1889</bibRefCitation>
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). Epicuticula on plates and legs delicately reticulate. Frontal spine medium-sized and extending slightly beyond level of middle of P-2. Length of spine 0.4 and 0.1 times that of AD and idiosoma, respectively. Pair of glp-1 at 0.6 relative to length of AD. Posterior part of AD slender, its shape similar to that of frontal spine. Pairs of ds-1 anterior to glp-1. Ocular plates almost completely covered by cornea. Canaliculus in striated integument close to glp-2. Pairs of ds-5 and ds- 6 immediately adjacent to glp-4 and glp-5, often on same minute sclerite. In female, anterior pair of pgs about level with posterior angle of PE. Distance from pair of pgs-1 to margin of female GA about 0.8 times interval between anterior margins of GA and GO.
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E055D1A45FDADFB76" box="[525,582,1148,1172]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Male</collectingCountry>
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GA wide, anterior margin somewhat triangular or rounded, extending anteriad slightly beyond level with end of PE. Pair of pgs-
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<quantity id="4CEB9B73FFBACF0E05A31A99FCF3FB5A" box="[755,792,1184,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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striated integument, its distance to anterior margin of GA less than half distance between margins of GA and GO; 68–83 pgs around GO. Distance between anterior margin of GA and GO less than the latter’s length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0E07971B35FD07FA3A" blockId="8.[151,1437,859,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Length of gnathosoma twice its width. Rostrum longer than gnathosomal base, reaching to level of end of P-2. Basal seta of P-2 at 0.7. Spine on P-3 with blunt tip. Trochanters I to IV with 1, 1, 2, 2 setae, basifemora I to IV with 2, 3–4, 2, 2 setae. Telofemur, genu and tibia I with 2, 2, 4 spiniform and tapering ventral setae. Ventral spine on telofemur I in basal part at 0.4. Both ventromedial setae on tibia II and that seta on genu II distinctly bipectinate. Tarsi I to IV with 2, (2–)4, (2–)4, (2–)4 ventral setae, tarsi III and IV with (3–)4 and 3 dorsal setae. Paired claws with accessory process with about four delicate tines.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309651DFFBACF0E07971BDDFECDF886" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0E07971BDDFE36F9A6" blockId="8.[151,1437,859,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07971BDDFED0FA1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1508,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The species is characterized by its frontal spine being of moderate length, the ds-5 and ds-6 being adjacent or sharing the minute sclerite with the glp-4 and glp-5, respectively, and by its generally four bristle-like ventral setae on tarsi II to IV.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0E07971869FECDF886" blockId="8.[151,1437,859,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E07971869FE82F98A" author="Newell" box="[199,361,1616,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Newell, I. M. (1947) A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 10, 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="1947">Newell (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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presented a record of this species from Florida (
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E04DB1869FC58F98A" box="[907,947,1616,1640]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">US</collectingCountry>
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). Apart from the size, one female (519 µm) and one male (422 µm), the specimens are similar to the northeastern Atlantic individuals. A difference, the frontal spine of the female is more slender and longer than in the European form, but the frontal spine of the male has the same shape as that of the European form. Unfortunately all distal segments of the legs are lacking in the two adults available. The trochanters I to IV bear 1, 1, 2, 2 setae, the basifemora
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<date id="FFAD1056FFBACF0E04F018D8FBEAF91A" box="[928,1025,1760,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">I to IV 2</date>
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, 4, 2, 2 setae. Because of the smaller size of the western Atlantic species
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBACF0E057A193DFD39F8FE" author="Bartsch" box="[554,722,1796,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Bartsch, I. (1980) Halacaridae (Acari) aus der Bucht von Morlaix (Bretagne). Acarologia, 21, 34 - 45." type="journal article" year="1980">Bartsch (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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raised doubts whether the individuals from the coast of Florida are conspecific with
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBACF0E06D41910FE16F8A2" box="[388,509,1833,1856]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actenos">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E06D41910FE16F8A2" box="[388,509,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">H. actenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. More material is necessary for detailed comparison in order to verify or reject a conspecifity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309651DFFBACF0F07971956FC38FE86" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BAC3696FFBACF0F07971956FC38FE86" blockId="8.[151,1437,859,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBACF0E07971956FE19F86A" bold="true" box="[199,498,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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Spread along the eastern North Atlantic from
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E04A71949FB93F86A" box="[1015,1144,1904,1928]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E03CC1949FB00F86A" box="[1180,1259,1904,1928]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E03AA1949FAD5F86A" box="[1274,1342,1904,1928]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Spain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E02191948FA73F86A" box="[1353,1432,1905,1928]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E07C719ACFF29F84E" box="[151,194,1941,1964]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">UK</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E079F19ADFEEAF84E" box="[207,257,1940,1964]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">Eire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047606FFBACF0E065F19ADFE3BF84E" box="[271,464,1940,1964]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="26">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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). Most records are from lower tidal and subtidal algae and sediment. The identity of specimens from the warm-temperate western Atlantic (Florida) is in need of confirmation. In general, the halacarid fauna of the temperate and tropical western and eastern Atlantic is similar on genus level but different on species level. Fifteen
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBBCF0F06681EA1FE45FF52" box="[312,430,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F06681EA1FE45FF52" box="[312,430,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">Halacarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are known from the North Atlantic (Mediterranean included), nine are from a depth range of lower tidal to
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD1FFFBBCF0F068A1E85FDC3FF36" box="[474,552,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4CEB9B73FFBBCF0F068A1E85FDCFFF36" box="[474,548,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Two of the three species known from the western Atlantic coast have amphiatlantic records, but of both (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBBCF0F06991ED8FDA9FF1A" box="[457,578,225,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actenos">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F06991ED8FDA9FF1A" box="[457,578,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">H. actenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBBCF0F05291ED8FC7FFF15" authority="Gosse, 1855" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1855" box="[633,916,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ctenopus">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F05291ED8FD14FF1A" box="[633,767,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">H. ctenopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBBCF0F04561EE6FC7FFF15" author="Gosse" box="[774,916,223,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Gosse, P. H. (1855) Notes on some new or little-known marine animals (II). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 16 (91), 27 - 36." type="journal article" year="1855">Gosse, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the identity of the specimens from the opposite side of the Atlantic Ocean is questioned. The ‘old’ records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D15FFBBCF0F04271F3CFC16FEFE" box="[887,1021,261,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Halacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ctenopus">
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<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F04271F3CFC16FEFE" box="[887,1021,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">H. ctenopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Europe have turned out to base on mis-interpretations (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBBCF0F06CC1F1EFD3EFEDD" author="Green" box="[412,725,295,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Green, J. & MacQuitty, M. (1987) Halacarid Mites. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 36, 178 pp." type="book" year="1987">Green and MacQuitty 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBBCF0F05B11F1EFC9CFEDD" author="Bartsch" box="[737,887,295,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Bartsch, I. (2001) Halacarus Gosse, 1855, H. ctenopus Gosse, 1855 and Thalassarachna Packard, 1871 (Arachnida, Acari): proposed conservation of usage of the name by designation of a neotype for H. ctenopus. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 58, 202 - 205." type="journal article" year="2001">Bartsch 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and as to more recent records (
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F03B01F10FAE3FEA2" box="[1248,1288,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B67FFBBCF0F02631F1EFF1CFE86" author="Riesgo" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Riesgo, A., Perez-Portela, R. & Arroyo, N. L. (2010) Halacarid mites associated with a North-Atlantic subtidal population of the kelp Laminaria ochroleuca. Journal of Natural History, 44, 651 - 667." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Riesgo
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EA84FFBBCF0F02D81F10FF5FFE86" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a re-examination of the identity of individuals is recommended.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |