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<mods:title id="3085C5D917D801377AF4E3499BCE8E0D">Review of the leafhopper genus Thaia Ghauri and related genera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="995ACB47E430AFDC646BD02550349CAF">Illinois Nature History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA &amp; arboridia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3293 - 4794</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="23CB3FCB48370CE5396D926942E4E866">Dietrich, Christopher H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0D391FA391D39CA0BB619FAF106AB61">Illinois Nature History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA &amp; chdietri @ illinois. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4005 - 4305</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D537A8B135C11EC0B358B1BDCFEBDB2">Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0C7882DFFC5FFF48B84FBF8FCF3BF61" bold="true" box="[151,452,1111,1138]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF48B84FBF8FCF3BF61" ID-CoL="8HQ8N" authority="Kuoh, 1982" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,452,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48B84FBF8FCF3BF61" bold="true" box="[151,452,1111,1138]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48B84FBF8FC1ABF61" bold="true" box="[151,301,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pseudothaia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC5FFF48A27FBF7FCF3BF61" author="Kuoh, C. L." box="[308,452,1112,1138]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" pagination="396 - 404" refId="ref12986" refString="Kuoh, C. L. (1982) Two new genera and five new species of the Thaia group. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7 (4), 396 - 404." type="journal article" year="1982">Kuoh, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFC5FFF48B84FB33FF85BFA6" box="[151,690,1180,1205]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48B84FB33FF85BFA6" blockId="26.[151,690,1180,1205]" box="[151,690,1180,1205]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20186FFFC5FFF48B84FB33FF85BFA6" box="[151,690,1180,1205]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<treatmentCitation id="0A911950FFC5FFF48B84FB33FCFDBFA6" author="Kuoh, C. L." box="[151,458,1180,1205]" page="402" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" year="1982">
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF48B84FB33FCFDBFA6" ID-CoL="8HQ8N" authority="Kuoh, 1982: 402" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityPageNumber="402" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,458,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48B84FB33FC21BFA7" box="[151,278,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pseudothaia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC5FFF48A0FFB33FCFDBFA6" author="Kuoh, C. L." box="[284,458,1180,1205]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" pagination="396 - 404" refId="ref12986" refString="Kuoh, C. L. (1982) Two new genera and five new species of the Thaia group. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7 (4), 396 - 404." type="journal article" year="1982">Kuoh, 1982: 402</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A911950FFC5FFF48AC6FB32FF85BFA6" author="Song, Y. &amp; Li, Z." box="[469,690,1180,1205]" page="120" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC5FFF48AC6FB32FF85BFA6" author="Song, Y. &amp; Li, Z." box="[469,690,1180,1205]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" refId="ref13658" refString="Song, Y. &amp; Li, Z. (2014) Erythroneurini and Zyginellini from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, 286 pp." type="book" year="2014">Song &amp; Li, 2014: 120</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48B84FB4CFE84BFEE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1250,2033]" box="[151,947,1250,1277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48B84FB4CFC03BFEF" bold="true" box="[151,308,1250,1277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<typeStatus id="548B81E3FFC5FFF48B84FB4CFDE5BFEE" box="[151,210,1251,1277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF48A2FFB4CFF91BFEE" ID-CoL="4PD66" authority="Kuoh, 1982" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[316,678,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48A2FFB4CFF2FBFEF" box="[316,536,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pseudothaia striata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC5FFF4890CFB4CFF91BFEE" author="Kuoh, C. L." box="[543,678,1251,1277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" pagination="396 - 404" refId="ref12986" refString="Kuoh, C. L. (1982) Two new genera and five new species of the Thaia group. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7 (4), 396 - 404." type="journal article" year="1982">Kuoh, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48BD4FAA9F93FBEA2" blockId="26.[151,1437,1250,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48BD4FAA9FC6EBE33" bold="true" box="[199,345,1286,1312]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Description.</emphasis>
Body robust, ground color brown. Head as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum, crown fore margin subparallel to posterior margin or rounded apically, coronal suture distinct, extend to tip of vertex. Face convex in profile, anteclypeus oval, length slightly longer than width, lorum large. Pronotum with two large triangular impressions. Forewing with third apical cell widest, fourth apical cell not reached apex of wing, slightly shorter than third apical cell. Hind wing venation usual for
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF489B0FA38FE4DBEA2" authority=", RA" authorityName="RA" box="[675,890,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Erythroneurini">Erythroneurini, RA</taxonomicName>
vein absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48BD4FA14FDE5BEEA" blockId="26.[151,1437,1250,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Male abdominal apodemes 2S short and relatively narrow. Anal tube well sclerotized, with appendages basally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48BD4F9ACFFDFBC2E" blockId="26.[151,1437,1250,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pygofer lobe with basal half and ventral appendage well pigmented, area between them membranous, setosity rudimentary; dorsal appendage absent; ventral appendage fused to pygofer lobe, extended from ventro-caudal margin, very solid, bifurcated. Subgenital plate flattened in lateral view, surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, fused with sternite IX basally but with some furrows, lateral margin nearly straight, apex narrowed and provided with thorn-like process distally; setosity consists of 24 macrosetae medially, some rigid setae along lateral margin and scattered on distal disc. Style slender and long, apex curved inwards, basal part short, preapical lobe poorly developed. Connective lamellate, manubrium and lateral arms carinate and pigmented, central lobe well developed. Aedeagus tubular with papillose apex; dorsal apodeme well developed, transversely expanded and extended caudad; preatrium moderately developed; gonopore terminal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFC5FFF48BD4F8E8FE13BCE2" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC5FFF48BD4F8E8FE13BCE2" blockId="26.[151,1437,1250,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48BD4F8E8FC0CBC72" bold="true" box="[199,315,1863,1889]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Remarks.</emphasis>
The fusion of the subgenital plate to sternite IX is rare in
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF488D9F8E8F945BC72" box="[970,1138,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Erythroneurini">Erythroneurini</taxonomicName>
, but it is a stable character within this genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF48A77F8C4FE23BC96" authority="Song &amp; Li, 2013" authorityName="Song &amp; Li" authorityYear="2013" box="[356,788,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48A77F8C4FF66BC96" box="[356,593,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pseudothaia caudata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC5FFF4894BF8C4FE23BC96" author="Song, Y. &amp; Li, Z." box="[600,788,1899,1925]" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" pagination="222 - 225" refId="ref13603" refString="Song, Y. &amp; Li, Z. (2013). A new species of Pseudothaia Kuoh (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China. The Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 89 (4), 222 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2013 - 18.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Song &amp; Li, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded from this genus due to the lack of this feature and other significant differences with the other two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC5FFF48848F820FED0BCBA" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[859,999,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC5FFF48848F820FED0BCBA" box="[859,999,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="357">Pseudothaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as the vertically expanded distal disc of the subgenital plate and absence of the apical thorn-like process, the well-developed preapical lobe of the style and the compressed dorsal apodeme of the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4F6FC9FFC4FFF58B84F88FFE5BBC93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417795/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="358" startId="27.[151,250,1824,1848]" targetBox="[155,1435,182,1758]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC4FFF58B84F88FFE5BBC93" blockId="27.[151,1436,1824,1920]" pageId="27" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC4FFF58B84F88FFC2DBC2B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1824,1848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="358">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC4FFF58A3BF88FFFBCBC2B" authority="Kuoh, 1982" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[296,651,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parathaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC4FFF58A3BF88FFF3FBC2B" box="[296,520,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="358">Parathaia bimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA142B0FFC4FFF58903F88FFFBCBC2B" author="Kuoh, C. L." box="[528,651,1824,1848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="358" pagination="396 - 404" refId="ref12986" refString="Kuoh, C. L. (1982) Two new genera and five new species of the Thaia group. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7 (4), 396 - 404." type="journal article" year="1982">Kuoh, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. a. forewing; b. hind wing; c. genital capsule; d. anal tube appendage; e. pygofer ventral appendage, lateral view; f. subgenital plate, style and connective; g. subgenital plate, dorsal view; h. style, dorsal view; i. connective; j. aedeagus, lateral view; k. aedeagus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFC3FFF28BD4FF39FC85BBA2" box="[199,434,150,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC3FFF28BD4FF39FC85BBA2" blockId="28.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,434,150,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF28BD4FF39FC56BBA3" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3277FD1FFC3FFF28A74FF38FC99BBA2" box="[359,430,151,177]" name="China" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6CCAFFC3FFF28BD4FF15FFF8BA52" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8F3F41FFC3FFF28BD4FF15FFF8BA52" blockId="28.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF28BD4FF15FC75BBC7" bold="true" box="[199,322,186,212]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This genus is superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC3FFF289E1FF14FEBBBBC6" authority="Ghauri" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1962" box="[754,908,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Thaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF289E1FF14FE04BBC6" box="[754,819,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Thaia</emphasis>
Ghauri
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC3FFF2888AFF14F966BBC6" authority="Kuoh" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[921,1105,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parathaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF2888AFF14F93CBBC6" box="[921,1035,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Parathaia</emphasis>
Kuoh
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC3FFF28F99FF14F9D1BBC7" authority="Cao &amp; Dmitriev &amp; Dietrich &amp; Zhang, 2020" authorityName="Cao &amp; Dmitriev &amp; Dietrich &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" box="[1162,1254,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Etmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF28F99FF14F9D1BBC7" box="[1162,1254,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Etmaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF28FFDFF14F808BBC6" bold="true" box="[1262,1343,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775E28FFC3FFF28FFDFF14F808BBC6" box="[1262,1343,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but the subgenital plate of
<taxonomicName id="4C3044C2FFC3FFF28A61FF70FCC9BBEA" authorityName="Kuoh" authorityYear="1982" box="[370,510,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pseudothaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944E353FFC3FFF28A61FF70FCC9BBEA" box="[370,510,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="359">Pseudothaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very distinctive: the base is fused to sternite IX and the distal disc is flattened as the base and has a thorn-like process apically. Also, the pygofer ventral appendage is quite solid and the style is much longer and has a rudimentary preapical lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>