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<document id="E38386FFD36DF658A98581551BF05933" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930903441160" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5207416" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629131432454" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Castro, C. B., Medeiros, M. S. &amp; Loiola, L. L." docDate="2010" docId="554D1963FFDCFFDDFE79F2FC0CA06090" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.44.13-14.763-827.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 44 (13 - 14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930903441160" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="796" masterDocId="A974611BFFFCFFFFFFDCF30B0F296157" masterDocTitle="Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Brazilian reefs" masterLastPageNumber="827" masterPageNumber="763" pageNumber="794" updateTime="1699060831380" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5E7E86A43173B7954B17EBD9799A1F1A">Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Brazilian reefs</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DD367BE0753C413BF99100AE4D4F6D70" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FDAC0D5254C6B6CCB8D3E8DAC07034E4">Castro, C. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F678BB355EE495FA668AB7C78B7848E3">Medeiros, M. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D52B931C6CB84E09861DF703C5A81491">Loiola, L. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="033FA3FD8EEEC920687123878DDF0A03">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5FB03C81820FAD51AF11BF569F1FB037">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3AA29B75F7520DF69B53918A9FDEA25A">2010-03-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0AD20E3A5E6084E0A381379067418393">44</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6602C149DB257C2444645E1AC243CD35">13 - 14</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="73F57DFB3C95F0445334EC3A3FE66D13" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="554D1963FFDCFFDDFE79F2FC0CA06090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554D1963FFDCFFDDFE79F2FC0CA06090" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/554D1963FFDCFFDDFE79F2FC0CA06090" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="796" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<subSubSection id="95FEFBFEFFDCFFDFFE79F2FC0C136358" box="[421,826,503,527]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFE79F2FC0C136358" blockId="32.[421,826,503,559]" box="[421,826,503,527]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<heading id="86131F19FFDCFFDFFE79F2FC0C136358" box="[421,826,503,527]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDCFFDFFE79F2FC0C136358" authority="Verrill, 1912" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[421,826,503,527]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFE79F2FC0D8E6358" bold="true" box="[421,679,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Plexaurella grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFD72F2FC0C136358" author="Verrill AE" box="[686,826,503,527]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" pagination="373 - 404" refId="ref28460" refString="Verrill AE. 1912. The gorgonians of the Brazilian coast. J Acad Nat Sci Philad. 15 (2): 373 - 404." type="journal article" year="1912">Verrill, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95FEFBFEFFDCFFDFFE1FF11C0FF163D8" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFE1FF11C0C346378" blockId="32.[421,826,503,559]" box="[451,797,534,559]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
(
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDCFFDFFE16F11C0D1C6378" box="[458,565,535,559]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[58,125,1365,1387]" captionTargetBox="[186,1466,455,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-51@4.[186,1466,455,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Map of distribution of reef octocorals in different regions off the Brazilian coastline. The Espírito Santo State area (*) includes the Vitória- Trindade seamount chain. “BA Sector” refer to a division of reef areas in Bahia State by Leão (1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207418/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDCFFDFFD9FF11C0DA66378" box="[579,655,534,559]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="29.[212,279,1580,1602]" captionTargetBox="[212,1169,537,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-139@29.[212,1169,536,1550]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 12. Plexaurella dichotoma (Esper, 1791) (MNRJ 00980): (A) colony, (A) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 04342 long branches): (B) colony, (B) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 02752 short branches): (C) colony, (C) branch. Plexaurella regia Castro, 1989 (MNRJ 02748): (D) colony, (D) branch. Scale bars: AD, 2 cm; AD, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207440/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">12B,B</figureCitation>
, 12C,C, 14)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF1530FF163D8" blockId="32.[144,1103,599,655]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
For the synonymy previous to 1961, see
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFDADF1530C476338" author="Bayer FM" box="[625,878,599,624]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref25517" refString="Bayer FM. 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Uitgaven: Natuurwetenchappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. 23: 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">Bayer (1961: 173175</bibRefCitation>
, text-fig. 52, pl. VI, fig. 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95FEFBFEFFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0E596388" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0E596388" blockId="32.[144,1104,679,735]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDF48F5BFFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0E596388" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<treatmentCitation id="5C458E64FFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0DDB63E8" author="Hetzel B &amp; Castro CB" box="[144,754,679,703]" page="93" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0DDB63E8" authority=": Hetzel and Castro 1994: 93" authorityName="Hetzel and Castro" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1994" box="[144,754,679,703]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFF4CF1AC0EBE63E8" box="[144,407,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Plexaurella grandiflora</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFE76F1AC0DDB63E8" author="Hetzel B &amp; Castro CB" box="[426,754,679,703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" refId="ref27013" refString="Hetzel B, Castro CB. 1994. Corals of Southern Bahia. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira." type="book" year="1994">Hetzel and Castro 1994: 93</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(photos only);
<treatmentCitation id="5C458E64FFDCFFDFFC72F1AC0E456388" author="Medeiros MS &amp; Castro CB" page="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFC72F1AC0E456388" author="Medeiros MS &amp; Castro CB" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref27573" refString="Medeiros MS, Castro CB. 1999. Paramuriceidae e Plexauridae (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) do Brasil: batimetria e distribuicao geografica. Bol Mus Nac Zool. 398: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1999">Medeiros and Castro 1999: 1112</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95FEFBFEFFDCFFDDFF4CF0040CA06090" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="796" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF0040FD46270" blockId="32.[144,253,783,807]" box="[144,253,783,807]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFF4CF0040FD46270" box="[144,253,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF03C0FFA65D8" blockId="32.[144,1104,823,1167]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
Colonies dichotomously branching (
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDCFFDFFDE5F03C0DF26218" box="[569,731,823,847]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="29.[212,279,1580,1602]" captionTargetBox="[212,1169,537,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-139@29.[212,1169,536,1550]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 12. Plexaurella dichotoma (Esper, 1791) (MNRJ 00980): (A) colony, (A) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 04342 long branches): (B) colony, (B) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 02752 short branches): (C) colony, (C) branch. Plexaurella regia Castro, 1989 (MNRJ 02748): (D) colony, (D) branch. Scale bars: AD, 2 cm; AD, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207440/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Figure 12B,C</figureCitation>
). Branches can be thickened at extremities (
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDCFFDFFEC7F05C0E8D6238" box="[283,420,854,879]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="29.[212,279,1580,1602]" captionTargetBox="[212,1169,537,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-139@29.[212,1169,536,1550]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 12. Plexaurella dichotoma (Esper, 1791) (MNRJ 00980): (A) colony, (A) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 04342 long branches): (B) colony, (B) branch. Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (MNRJ 02752 short branches): (C) colony, (C) branch. Plexaurella regia Castro, 1989 (MNRJ 02748): (D) colony, (D) branch. Scale bars: AD, 2 cm; AD, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207440/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
,C). Coenenchymal mounds from absent to well developed (conical or tubular), sometimes bilabiate. Sclerites of outer layer of coenenchyme butterflies (up to
<quantity id="1A1C0590FFDCFFDFFEAAF09C0EF162F8" box="[374,472,919,943]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
long), often asymmetricallly developed, with rays ornamented with well-developed tubercles; tentacles with flat rods reaching
<quantity id="1A1C0590FFDCFFDFFC32F0BC0B796298" box="[1006,1104,951,975]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
long. Middle layer mainly with butterflies (up to about
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long); also triradiates and spindles (up to
<quantity id="1A1C0590FFDCFFDFFE7EF0FC0D2A6558" box="[418,515,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
long), either straight or bent at the waist, with welldeveloped and densely distributed tubercles (
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDCFFDFFD4EF71C0C286578" box="[658,769,1047,1071]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="33.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,176,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-70@33.[212,1172,176,1359]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 14. Sclerites of Plexaurella grandiflora Verrill, 1912 (YPM 4503 holotype of Plexaurella verrucosa Verrill, 1912): (A) outer layer of coenenchyme; (B) middle layer of coenenchyme; (C) axial sheath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207444/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Figure 14</figureCitation>
) (emended from
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFC14F7130F916518" author="Bayer FM" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref25517" refString="Bayer FM. 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Uitgaven: Natuurwetenchappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. 23: 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">Bayer 1961: 174</bibRefCitation>
to include forms without coenenchymal mounds, to indicate well-developed tubercles in outer layer butterflies, and to incorporate minor adjustments in sclerite sizes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF7B40E396580" blockId="32.[144,272,1215,1239]" box="[144,272,1215,1239]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFF4CF7B40E396580" box="[144,272,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF7E30B2765A8" blockId="32.[144,1038,1255,1280]" box="[144,1038,1255,1280]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
For a complete description see
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDCFFDFFE33F7E30DCC65A8" author="Bayer FM" box="[495,741,1255,1280]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref25517" refString="Bayer FM. 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Uitgaven: Natuurwetenchappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. 23: 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">Bayer (1961: 173175</bibRefCitation>
, text-fig. 52, pl. VI, fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF6240FDB6410" blockId="32.[144,242,1327,1351]" box="[144,242,1327,1351]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFF4CF6240FDB6410" box="[144,242,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF65C0CF56758" blockId="32.[144,1104,1367,1551]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<collectingCountry id="A5F3E8E5FFDCFFDFFF4CF65C0FFE6438" box="[144,215,1367,1391]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFF3EF65C0E136438" box="[226,314,1367,1391]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
(MNRJ 00446, 01273; UFPb 397);
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFD08F65C0C4D6438" box="[724,868,1367,1391]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(YPM 4503; MNRJ 02754);
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFF36F67C0E6E64D8" box="[234,327,1399,1423]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(MNRJ 00445, 02752);
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFD84F67C0DB364D8" box="[600,666,1399,1423]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(YPM 1597, 1598, 4501, 4502; MNRJ 00157, 00435, 00436, 01274, 01397, 01988, 02199, 02584, 02726, 02861, 04002, 04342, 04584, 04585, 04586, 04587; UFPb 275, 278, 282, 289, 294, 298);
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFC7AF6BC0B666498" box="[934,1103,1463,1487]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(MNRJ 00431, 00432, 00433, 00437, 00438, 00439, 00441, 00442, 00635, 00639, 01148, 01149, 01344, 01987, 03961, 04589);
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDCFFDFFDA0F6FC0C0B6758" box="[636,802,1527,1551]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(MNRJ 00444).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF54B0E68670F" blockId="32.[144,321,1600,1624]" box="[144,321,1600,1624]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDCFFDFFF4CF54B0E68670F" box="[144,321,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<typeStatus id="025F16D7FFDCFFDFFF4CF54B0FE1670F" box="[144,200,1600,1624]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Type</typeStatus>
depository
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDCFFDFFF4CF56C0FFF67C8" blockId="32.[144,1104,1639,1695]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">
<materialsCitation id="6D8CA228FFDCFFDFFF4CF56C0FFB67C8" collectionCode="YPM" collectorName="New Haven, CT" country="United States of America" location="Peabody Museum of Natural History" municipality="Yale University" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" specimenCode="YPM 4501" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="D83BFEAEFFDCFFDFFF4CF56C0D136728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554D1963FFDCFFDDFE79F2FC0CA06090:D83BFEAEFFDCFFDFFF4CF56C0D136728" box="[144,570,1639,1663]" country="United States of America" municipality="Yale University" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Peabody Museum of Natural History</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3D3F320FFFDCFFDFFD98F56C0DD06728" box="[580,761,1639,1663]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">Yale University</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="7011CDA3FFDCFFDFFCDFF5630C976728" box="[771,958,1639,1663]" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">New Haven, CT</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5F3E8E5FFDCFFDFFC15F56C0B2B6728" box="[969,1026,1639,1663]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="794">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<specimenCode id="8D42000EFFDCFFDFFBCCF56C0FE367C8" collectionCode="YPM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="794" type="Museum">YPM 4501</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="899BF8FDFFDDFFDEFF08F6620EE364ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5207444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207444/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" startId="33.[212,279,1385,1407]" targetBox="[212,1172,176,1359]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDDFFDEFF08F6620EE364ED" blockId="33.[212,1172,1385,1466]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
Figure 14. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDDFFDEFE1DF6620C186428" authority="Verrill, 1912" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[449,817,1385,1407]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDDFFDEFE1DF6620D836428" box="[449,682,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Plexaurella grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDDFFDEFD6DF6620C186428" author="Verrill AE" box="[689,817,1385,1407]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" pagination="373 - 404" refId="ref28460" refString="Verrill AE. 1912. The gorgonians of the Brazilian coast. J Acad Nat Sci Philad. 15 (2): 373 - 404." type="journal article" year="1912">Verrill, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM 4503 holotype of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDDFFDEFB99F6620ED364CB" authority="Verrill, 1912" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDDFFDEFB99F6620E4064CA" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Plexaurella verrucosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDDFFDEFEAFF68D0ED364CB" author="Verrill AE" box="[371,506,1414,1436]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" pagination="373 - 404" refId="ref28460" refString="Verrill AE. 1912. The gorgonians of the Brazilian coast. J Acad Nat Sci Philad. 15 (2): 373 - 404." type="journal article" year="1912">Verrill, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
): (A) outer layer of coenenchyme; (B) middle layer of coenenchyme; (C) axial sheath.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDDFFDEFF08F6D00E4D64A4" blockId="33.[212,356,1499,1523]" box="[212,356,1499,1523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDDFFDEFF08F6D00E4D64A4" box="[212,356,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
<typeStatus id="025F16D7FFDDFFDEFF08F6D00E2564A4" box="[212,268,1499,1523]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDDFFDEFF08F5090D83674D" blockId="33.[212,682,1538,1562]" box="[212,682,1538,1562]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
“Mar Grande,
<collectingCountry id="A5F3E8E5FFDDFFDEFEA2F5090EEC674D" box="[382,453,1538,1562]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Brazil</collectingCountry>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDDFFDEFE01F5090DB4674D" author="Verrill AE" box="[477,669,1538,1562]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795" pagination="373 - 404" refId="ref28460" refString="Verrill AE. 1912. The gorgonians of the Brazilian coast. J Acad Nat Sci Philad. 15 (2): 373 - 404." type="journal article" year="1912">Verrill 1912: 361</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDDFFDEFF08F5480EC9670C" blockId="33.[212,480,1603,1627]" box="[212,480,1603,1627]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDDFFDEFF08F5480EC9670C" box="[212,480,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDDFFDEFF08F5610DE467F5" blockId="33.[212,1172,1642,1698]" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">
Endemic in the Brazilian littoral (recorded from
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDDFFDEFCD3F5610C4E67D5" box="[783,871,1642,1666]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
to the border of
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDDFFDEFBE5F5610E3F67F5" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
with
<collectingRegion id="1F206697FFDDFFDEFE89F5810ED367F5" box="[341,506,1674,1698]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
States) (
<figureCitation id="45DFB4F0FFDDFFDEFD81F5810D9567F5" box="[605,700,1674,1698]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[58,125,1365,1387]" captionTargetBox="[186,1466,455,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-51@4.[186,1466,455,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Map of distribution of reef octocorals in different regions off the Brazilian coastline. The Espírito Santo State area (*) includes the Vitória- Trindade seamount chain. “BA Sector” refer to a division of reef areas in Bahia State by Leão (1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5207418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5207418/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="795">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDEFFDDFF4CF3AC0FDA61E8" blockId="34.[144,243,167,191]" box="[144,243,167,191]" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF4CF3AC0FDA61E8" box="[144,243,167,191]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5BA875FFDEFFDDFF4CF3C40CA06090" blockId="34.[144,1104,207,456]" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">
<bibRefCitation id="B975D584FFDEFFDDFF4CF3C40E1F61B0" author="Castro CB" box="[144,310,207,231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" pagination="597 - 603" refId="ref25990" refString="Castro CB. 1989. A new species of Plexaurella Valenciennes, 1855 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia), from the Abrolhos Reefs, Bahia, Brazil. Rev Bras Biol. 49 (2): 597 - 603." type="journal article" year="1989">Castro (1989)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the high variability in the colonial morphology of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFF4CF3E40E0E6050" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[144,295,239,263]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF4CF3E40F8B6050" box="[144,162,239,263]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF72F3E40E0E6050" box="[174,295,239,263]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its sclerites and colonial morphology are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFF4CF2040E366070" authorityName="Butterflies" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[144,287,271,295]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF4CF2040F8B6070" box="[144,162,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF72F2040E366070" box="[174,287,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The main character that differentiates both species would be the presence of small antlers in
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFEBEF2240EDB6010" authorityName="Butterflies" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[354,498,303,327]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFEBEF2240E5A6010" box="[354,371,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFE5DF2240EDB6010" box="[385,498,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the absence or extreme rarity of these sclerites in
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFF4CF2440E0E6030" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[144,295,335,359]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF4CF2440F8B6030" box="[144,162,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF72F2440E0E6030" box="[174,295,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The same author, after the examination of Verrills
<typeStatus id="025F16D7FFDEFFDDFC5BF25B0C9E603F" box="[903,951,336,360]" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFF4CF2640FDE60D0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[144,247,367,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF4CF2640F8B60D0" box="[144,162,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFF72F2640FDE60D0" box="[174,247,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFED4F2640EBA60D0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[264,403,367,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFED4F2640EBA60D0" box="[264,403,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P. cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFE7FF2640D0760D0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[419,558,367,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliana">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFE7FF2640E9C60D0" box="[419,437,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFE1EF2640D0760D0" box="[450,558,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">braziliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFDB5F2640DC660D0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[617,751,367,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFDB5F2640D5360D0" box="[617,634,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFD54F2640DC660D0" box="[648,751,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and because of the overlap of several taxonomic characters, proposed the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFCCCF2840C5060F0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[784,889,399,423]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFCCCF2840C0860F0" box="[784,801,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFCF3F2840C5060F0" box="[815,889,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFC6DF2840B6060F0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[945,1097,399,423]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFC6DF2840CEB60F0" box="[945,962,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFC0CF2840B6060F0" box="[976,1097,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and confirmed the synonymy of the other species with
<taxonomicName id="1AE4D3F6FFDEFFDDFD36F2A40CAB6090" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1912" box="[746,898,431,455]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="796" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFD36F2A40DD26090" box="[746,763,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EF907467FFDEFFDDFCD5F2A40CAB6090" box="[777,898,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="796">grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>