treatments-xml/data/3B/2C/E9/3B2CE9D0AC6E442B5020B6287FB1E778.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13383" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8153f913-dcc8-443a-8895-8b9b60991857" ID-PMC="PMC5523186" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-684-119" ID-PubMed="28769736" ID-ZBK="4CB004DCA7D746E4987064EE1DE98A63" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-684-119" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 684" ModsDocTitle="Three new species and one new subspecies of Depressariinae (Lepidoptera) from Europe" checkinTime="1502744512750" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Buchner, Peter, Corley, Martin &amp; Junnilainen, Jari" docDate="2017" docId="3B2CE9D0AC6E442B5020B6287FB1E778" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 684: 119-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 684" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13383" docTitle="Agonopterix pseudoferulae Buchner &amp; Junnilainen, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8C70763C-9C9E-47CB-ABE7-F20B9271976C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="E909FFF0FFC4FFECA15F167FF50EFF9A" masterDocTitle="Three new species and one new subspecies of Depressariinae (Lepidoptera) from Europe" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1668164596705" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Three new species and one new subspecies of Depressariinae (Lepidoptera) from Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Buchner, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Corley, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Junnilainen, Jari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>684</mods:number>
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<mods:start>119</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13383</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.13383</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132648968" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C70763C-9C9E-47CB-ABE7-F20B9271976C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B2CE9D0AC6E442B5020B6287FB1E778" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8C70763C-9C9E-47CB-ABE7-F20B9271976C" authority="Buchner &amp; Junnilainen" class="Insecta" family="Depressariidae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix pseudoferulae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">Agonopterix pseudoferulae Buchner &amp; Junnilainen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="130">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
Italy, Sardinia, Laconi, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.85">39°51'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.05">9°3'E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">♂, Italy, Sardinia, Laconi, 16.vi.2009, leg. J. Junnilainen, DNA barcode id. BC TLMF Lep 19306, gen. prep. DEEUR 4462, in coll. J. Junnilainen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
1 ♀, same data as holotype, DNA barcode id. MM24152, leg. &amp; coll. J. Junnilainen; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype, leg. &amp; coll. J. Junnilainen; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype, leg. J. Junnilainen, in coll. ZMUH; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype, leg. J. Junnilainen, in coll. NHMUK; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype, leg. J. Junnilainen, in coll. M. Corley; 1 ♀, Greece, Peloponnese, Chelmos, 2100 m, 10.vii.1963, leg. J. Klimesch, coll. ZSM; 1 ♀, Italy, Puglia, 21.vii.1955, leg. S. Zangheri, in coll. ZSM; 1 ♂, Italy, Puglia, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“FG“">&quot;FG&quot;</normalizedToken>
Gargano sopra Vieste, 400 m, 5.ix.2008, coll. G. Fiumi; 1 ♂, Italy, Sicilia, Madonie, Piano Battaglia, 18.x.1990, gen. prep. DEEUR 1928, in coll. TLMF; 1 ♀, Italy, Latium, Mt Terminillo, 17.vii.2010, DNA barcode id. TLMF Lep 19067, gen. prep. DEEUR 1737, leg. &amp; coll. T. Mayr; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Italy, Puglia, Gargano, leg. larva 4.iv.2016 from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Elaeoselinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeoselinum asclepium" order="Apiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepium">Elaeoselinum asclepium</taxonomicName>
, e.p. end of April 2016, leg., cult. &amp; coll. P. Sonderegger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
Diagnosis. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (Figs 19-27) was confused with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Figs 28-29) by Klimesch. At first glance, they do look similar, but a closer look shows two constant differences: the brick-red line between the proximal pair of dots and the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="131" start="start">distal</pageBreakToken>
dot and the diffuse dark spot which touches this line on costal side in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., which are both absent in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(if diffuse dark spots are present, they are found in other areas). 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
, 1775) (Fig. 33) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Heinemann, 1870) (Fig. 32), the two species closest to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in DNA barcode, do not have the reddish elements in central forewing pattern. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
(Turati, 1879) (Fig. 31) has reddish elements here, but they surround the dots and do not form a line. A forewing pattern similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is found only in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
Huemer &amp; Lvovsky, 2000 (Fig. 30), but here differences are found in outline of forewing and shape of interneural dots at outer margin: apex rounded, outer margin convex, interneural dots round and diffuse in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., apex pointed, outer margin straight to concave, interneural dots narrow lines in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
Adult: Wingspan 19-21 mm. Scales of head brown, tips markedly paler. Labial palp segment 2 inner side pale, outer and ventral sides medium greyish brown or rusty brown scales mixed with blackish scales; third segment bicoloured, blackish at base, shortly above middle and at extreme tip, pale between the dark areas. Antenna dark brown. Thorax with posterior crest, rather dark brown, tegulae similar. Forewing predominantly dark reddish brown, whitish and black scales interspersed in low (but variable) numbers, basal field markedly paler, gradually passing into a pale 
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="132" start="start">stripe</pageBreakToken>
which runs along costa especially in proximal half and is interrupted by irregular dark patches. The centre of the forewing has the typical basic pattern of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
(two oblique dots at about one-third, one or two dots along veins at about one-half and a diffuse black spot between the two pairs of dots but closer to the costa) but with very distinct details: the two black, oblique dots partly bordered with reddish (brick-red to ochreous) scales which may connect the two dots on their proximal margin, distal margin pale to white, the third dot at about one-half with clear white centre and surrounded by a few dark scales, a brick-red to ochreous line connects the oblique dots with the distal dot and exeeds it a little; the diffuse blackish spot touches the brick-red line between the dots on the costal side. Cilia concolorous with wings. Under side of forewing dark grey except costa which is predominantly yellowish with interspersed 
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="133" start="start">groups</pageBreakToken>
of dark scales. Hindwing rather dark greyish brown, moderately translucent at base, cilia concolorous with wings, base and tips darker than in between. Legs covered with a mix of dark grey and pale scales, tibia yellowish to rusty brown on outer side, especially on fore- and hindlegs. Abdomen greyish, with broad dark line laterally and two rows of indistinct dark spots on ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">No gender-specific differences could be found.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Variation: Little variation was found within the nine examined specimens. The number of interspersed white scales on forewing varies to some extent, and between the proximal pair of dots and the distal dot, an additional white dot may be developed or not. In one specimen the thorax (but not tegulae) is entirely black.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
Male genitalia (Fig. 34): There is no single feature which separates male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. from all other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
, therefore it is best to compare genitalia with each of the externally similar species individually.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 35) belongs to the alpigena/selini species group, which is characterised by a two-horned process of the anellus toward transtilla (see arrow in insert of Fig. 35) in combination with transtilla significantly widened in the middle. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. these features are not present. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 36), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 37) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 38) anellus lobes are large, nearly touching in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
, overlapping in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
in standard preparation. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="134" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
. pseudoferulae
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. anellus lobes are narrow with a wide gap in between. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 39) cuiller is rather short (about 70% of valva-width) and socii markedly narrow, gnathos far exceeding end of socii, in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. cuiller nearly reaching costa of valva (at least 90% of valva-width), socii and gnathos of average shape, compare Figs 34 and 39 (appearance of socii and gnathos may be influenced by preparation artifacts, so it is not helpful to point out a numerical ratio).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Female genitalia (Figs 40, 41a). Anterior margin of sternite VIII with a triangular process, which is separated from lateral parts of anterior margin by distinct steps (arrows 41a), ostium round, in the centre of sternite VIII, not reaching into the triangular process. Ductus seminalis with about 8 turns. Ductus bursae rather stout with structures common in genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
, widening gradually in its course. Corpus bursae of average size (diameter approximately equalling width of sternite VIII in standard preparation, i.e. dorsoventrally flattened), signum narrow oval (4 times wider than long), rather large (maximum diameter about one half diameter of bursa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
As in the males, all the species compared with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. also show distinct differences in female genitalia: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 41b) has a straight margin of sternite VIII without any fold. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
, oblique folds (arrow Fig. 41c) are developed at each side of centre of margin. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
these folds are also present and between them, the anterior margin shows a somewhat rectangular extension (arrow Fig. 41d). In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
it is slightly curved with a narrow transverse fold (arrow Fig. 41e), in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
it is extremely bulged (arrow Fig. 41f), which gives a character of the female genitalia of this species which is unique within 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figure 17. Neighbour-joining tree of species of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="pallorella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pallorella">pallorella</taxonomicName>
-group and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. multiplicella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="multiplicella">A. multiplicella</taxonomicName>
. Associated BOLD BINs: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pallorella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pallorella">A. pallorella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABA0382 (upper cluster); BOLD:ABU5790 (lower cluster); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. multiplicella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="multiplicella">A. multiplicella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:AAF7196; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. carduncelli" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="carduncelli">A. carduncelli</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABZ7583; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. straminella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="straminella">A. straminella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABZ7581 (upper cluster) BOLD:ACX7863 (lower cluster); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. kaekeritziana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="kaekeritziana">A. kaekeritziana</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:AAF7198; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. squamosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="squamosa">A. squamosa</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ACF7120; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bipunctosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="bipunctosa">A. bipunctosa</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABA0011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figure 18. Maximum Likelihood analysis of selected species of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pallorella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pallorella">A. pallorella</taxonomicName>
-group, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. multiplicella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="multiplicella">A. multiplicella</taxonomicName>
and species near 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
. In addition to the selection used for the neighbour-joining tree, the following 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
species were included: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. angelicella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="angelicella">A. angelicella</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, [1813]) (TLMF Lep 06308, BOLD:AAE3381); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. argillacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="argillacea">A. argillacea</taxonomicName>
(Walsingham, 1881) (BIOUG05263-B04, BOLD:ACF4423); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. assimilella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="assimilella">A. assimilella</taxonomicName>
(Treitschke, 1832) (TLMF Lep 03008, BOLD:AAJ7526); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. walsinghamella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="walsinghamella">A. walsinghamella</taxonomicName>
(Busck, 1902) (BIOUG07080-A07, BOLD:ACF9151). The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-4818.52) is shown. Initial trees for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The proportion of sites where at least 1 unambiguous base is present in at least 1 sequence for each descendent clade is shown next to each internal node in the tree. The analysis involved 54 nucleotide sequences from selected species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Depressaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Depressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Depressaria</taxonomicName>
. Only the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonopterix</taxonomicName>
part of the tree is shown here. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 657 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets (Kumar, Stecher and Tamura 2015). The result is shown in radiation graphic, because in this view the evolutionary aspect is visualized better than in rectangular tree.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figures 19-22. 19 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Holotype (Italy, Sardinia, Laconi), general view 20 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype. (Italy, Sardinia, Laconi), general view 21 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype. (Greece, Peloponnese), head, thorax and forewing base 22 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype. (Italy, Puglia, Gargano, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Elaeoselinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeoselinum asclepium" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepium">Elaeoselinum asclepium</taxonomicName>
), head, thorax and forewing base.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figures 23-27. 23 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype. (Italy, Gargano, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Elaeoselinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeoselinum asclepium" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepium">Elaeoselinum asclepium</taxonomicName>
), ventral view 24-25 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype (Greece, Peloponnese), palps (24 lateral view 25 frontal view) 26 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype (Italy, Gargano, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Elaeoselinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeoselinum asclepium" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepium">Elaeoselinum asclepium</taxonomicName>
), lateral view 27 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Paratype (Italy, Mt Terminillo), palps, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figures 28-33. Comparison of wing patterns of several species similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 28 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(France, Var, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ferula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ferula communis" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">Ferula communis</taxonomicName>
) 29 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu) 30 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
(Austria, Vorarlberg, Bangs) 31 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
(Germany, Kaiserstuhl, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Genista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Genista tinctoria" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Genista tinctoria</taxonomicName>
) 32 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Italy, Lugano, e.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Laburnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Laburnum" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Laburnum</taxonomicName>
) 33 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
(Austria, Lower Austria, Waschberg).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figures 34-39. Comparison of male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. with selected species. 34 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Holotype, insert: aedeagus in ventral view 35 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Portugal, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trás-os-Montes">Tras-os-Montes</normalizedToken>
), insert: anellus process and transtilla 36 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
(Italy, Friuli, Redipuglia) 37 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
(Spain, Leon, Vilafeliz de Babla) 38 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Croatia, Novi Vinodolsky) 39 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
(Austria, Vorarlberg, Bangs).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Figures 40-41. Comparison of female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. with selected species. 40 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., general view, paratype (Italy, Latium, Mt Terminillo) 41 ostium region of six selected species enlarged, arrows: see text under &quot;female genitalia&quot; 41a 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (same specimen as Fig. 40) 41b 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
(Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu) 41c 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
(Austria, Lower Austria, Waschberg) 41d 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Portugal, Madeira, Faja da Nogueira) 41e 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
(Serbia, Deliblato Sands) 41f 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
(Austria, Vorarlberg, photo from Huemer &amp; Lvovsky, 2000).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="molecular data">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Data of barcoded specimens: BC TLMF Lep 19306 (658 bp., holotype, ♂, Italy, Sardinia, Laconi, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.85">39°51'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.05">9°3'E</geoCoordinate>
, 16.vi.2009, leg. &amp; coll. J. Junnilainen); MM24152 (658 bp., ♀, same locality as holotype, leg. &amp; coll. J. Junnilainen); TLMF Lep 19067 (658 bp., ♀, Italy, Latium, Mt Terminillo, 1600m, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="42.483334">42°29'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="13.0">13°0'E</geoCoordinate>
, 17.vii.2010, gen. prep. DEEUR 1737 P. Buchner, leg. &amp; coll. T. Mayr).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Neighbour-joining analysis shows 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix atomella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomella">Agonopterix atomella</taxonomicName>
([Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
], 1775) (BOLD:ABZ0059) as the nearest neighbour at a minimum of 2.45% p-distance. So far there are only sequences from the Italian population available, where no intraspecific divergence had been found, but this may change when Greek specimens are sequenced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">For Maximum Likelihood analysis, see Fig. 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Related species: Searching for the most closely related species based on a neighbour-joining tree (Fig. 42), Maximum Likelihood analysis (Fig. 18) and genitalia patterns of both sexes has not achieved a satisfactory result in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
. Compared with the nearest neighbour, there are some distinct differences: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
is a 
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
-feeder, in male genitalia anellus lobes are very different. Looking further afield at the second nearest neighbour, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix scopariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopariella">Agonopterix scopariella</taxonomicName>
(Heinemann, 1870) with a p-distance of 2.6% is also a 
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
-feeder, and the differences in genitalia are at least as marked as in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, the two 
<taxonomicName family="Fa baceae" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="family">
Fa 
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="135" start="start">baceae</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
-feeders 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
have very similar male genitalia, but a barcode distance of 4.08%. This suggests that every single parameter must be handled with care. Pronounced similarity may result from being closely related, but it does not prove it, because a single distinctive feature may develop independently in different groups. The only certainty from present evidence is that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
is not a cryptic species.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
Figure 42. Neighbour-joining tree of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix pseudoferulae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">Agonopterix pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and its closest clusters. Associated BOLD BINs: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinochroa" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="oinochroa">A. oinochroa</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABU5789; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. scopariella" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="scopariella">A. scopariella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABZ0060; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. atomella" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="atomella">A. atomella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABZ0059; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ACW1863; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:ABW9370; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cluniana" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="cluniana">A. cluniana</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:AAM7318; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. putridella" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="putridella">A. putridella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:AAF7185; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. assimilella" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="assimilella">A. assimilella</taxonomicName>
: BOLD:AAJ7526.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
The species name is a noun in genitive case. The first specimens of this new species were discovered in ZSM in the Klimesch collection under 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
. This was decisive for the species name 
<taxonomicName lsidName="pseudoferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
, which means &quot;the false 
<taxonomicName lsidName="ferulae" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ferulae">ferulae</taxonomicName>
&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">So far known from Italy and Greece. In Italy it had been collected from Mt Terminillo (Latium), Gargano (Puglia), Madonie, Piano Battaglia (Sicily) and Laconi (Sardinia) and in Greece from Chelmos (Peloponnese).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="bionomics">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
Peter Sonderegger reared it from larvae collected on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Elaeoselinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeoselinum asclepium" order="Apiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepium">Elaeoselinum asclepium</taxonomicName>
(L.) Bertol. (
<taxonomicName family="Apiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
) from Gargano, Italy. Unfortunately he was not expecting anything of great interest, so no photo or larval description was obtained. Larvae were collected on 4 April, while the moth emerged in late April. Moths in good condition have been caught in June and July, and a worn specimen has been caught in October. It remains unclear in which stage the species survives winter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="136" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="136" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="136">
In ZSM under the name 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Agonopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonopterix ferulae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferulae">Agonopterix ferulae</taxonomicName>
P. Buchner found a specimen collected by Josef Klimesch in Greece, which had a red mark in the discal cell which is not present in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
. Genitalia examination showed that it was distinct from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
and subsequently, when more recent specimens were found it was possible to obtain barcodes. Both genitalia and barcodes show this to be a new species not closely related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ferulae" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="ferulae">A. ferulae</taxonomicName>
. It is described here as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pseudoferulae" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="pseudoferulae">A. pseudoferulae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>