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<document id="791D37BBA124836A8428A5C0077E947D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275097" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28e9091e-098b-430c-bc77-1b6e3a33ae25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275097" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461101160847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tang, Chang-Ti, Melika, George, Yang, Man-Miao, Nicholls, James, Csóka, György &amp; Stone, Graham N." docDate="2009" docId="286D87D2356CD041FF3C2EF4FA9BFC07" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02175p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2175" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Andricus formosanus Tang &amp; Melika, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="D454FFAA356DD046FFAB2818FFB0FF97" masterDocTitle="First record of an Andricus oak gallwasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698591416681" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="BF8D83CD800DDE0C108C2EE36B141807" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="828320A20600F8ABBE4982B08C1F040D">
<mods:title id="72F88EDB957FEAE87204D46C1EDDD64D">First record of an Andricus oak gallwasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5B2CE3C9F934DF0A24B0E4CB47B70C2E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F50BFBF864F5B7D3FBEDC5754D03D48B">
<mods:roleTerm id="CC485C832009B4D227469173A77120F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E451E8FC05E1730B53117C86F8105CF3">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F585AE18B7BEEBBD1109199EABEB5AE5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5857237D6F089F98CDDCBF003EAD1503">
<mods:roleTerm id="2050714FDD42F0CACA3E7CDF1EDEBAE3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7C07786B6BE3CA87154A31542F9122C7">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2A8F965C7B84191DB543E317C4A01F09" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9F9608CF71D41A602F0B262BFCD67DD">
<mods:roleTerm id="4DCDDC2EAD57BCDDBB285DC7266EC204">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DFBC0AE2671C34C671528F022064CB42">Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="47D6FE259FEC0913DCEEE202D2965DA2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DD0B05F119A8EA82F35BDEA8F037CAE3">
<mods:roleTerm id="29CBF93042D95199DE81EC0B2F6E499C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="03FD08E88B9CF187A80E9A32074ECDE8">Nicholls, James</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="52AD094052BDEC00E0647D923E1F2FAE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EF259DB509B377639F733DD5D86AF0D2">
<mods:roleTerm id="5A5340358B74DC82FD146796EA4A2DEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="72A8ACF267652DD485AA0736A5F34453">Csóka, György</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F1DED7190EDADDF43F1610EBC378806E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3D472CC168D967A2893F20A00734B7EB">
<mods:roleTerm id="FE999ACE4D2D8DC084C72A623D670B13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E597385CCEA55F2B1A84A5C7AEF294B">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7452151BFBF8C4DE26D1019DD4245CBF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A5C2EF8024428F2C1AFED3390444517F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B426531CE89A66D576626379B0FC04BC">
<mods:title id="D2D24459E2854854CBE6F1280EEC88D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="74BC6A18B35D2FBF680B3F2CAD435364">
<mods:date id="47230F805697E9F51AB1CB0A17C89A8A">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="79001BB7C01E4A4F005B7AF8CFEBDF13" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1265D47B76F0E98AD6ACC498D6C22143">2175</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9A413AA4E994B6DD572CAB8EA2F2665E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EC1ED214AF041069AAA7DD78E706253E">57</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EAD6B08BC41ECC7746A09F0FFDA1E887">65</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="B061C16D1AC399386DB2346B2A8CF54D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F624467D7D2D5CF31ADAECB020A10D3D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275097</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B475BFF8DD2ACCDE5706FFA865F67398" type="GBIF-Dataset">28e9091e-098b-430c-bc77-1b6e3a33ae25</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="632990BCA4404506D761FA0640E6349B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D876E54D7EEA08034A2E8B5AD1C54F1B" type="Zenodo-Dep">275097</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="286D87D2356CD041FF3C2EF4FA9BFC07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:286D87D2356CD041FF3C2EF4FA9BFC07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/286D87D2356CD041FF3C2EF4FA9BFC07" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356CD047FF3C2EF4FEBCF8BF" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356CD047FF3C2EF4FD4FF892" blockId="1.[151,767,1771,1832]" box="[151,767,1771,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="FB3381A8356CD047FF3C2EF4FD4FF892" bold="true" box="[151,767,1771,1798]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF3C2EF4FD4FF892" bold="true" box="[151,767,1771,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356CD047FF3C2EF4FDD3F892" authority="Tang &amp; Melika" authorityName="Tang &amp; Melika" box="[151,611,1771,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF3C2EF4FE2CF891" bold="true" box="[151,412,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
Tang &amp; Melika
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD356CD047FDC42EF3FD4FF892" box="[623,767,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356CD047FF3C2F16FEBCF8BF" blockId="1.[151,767,1771,1832]" box="[151,268,1806,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="38FF2A41356CD047FF3C2F16FEBCF8BF" box="[151,268,1806,1832]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16" captionStartId-0="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,275,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,273,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,197,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1398,181,1924]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,697,1922]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,197,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[194,1400,173,1926]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,697,1924]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 8. Andricus formosanus, new species: 1, head, female (front view); 2, head, female (dorsal view); 3, head, female (posterior view); 4, antenna, female; 5, antenna, male; 6, mesosoma, female (dorsal view); 7, mesosoma, female (lateral view); 8, hind tarsal claw, female." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 13. Andricus formosanus, new species, female: 9, propleuron (front view); 10, metascutellum and propodeum (postero-dorsal view); 11, forewing; 12, metasoma (lateral view); 13, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view)." captionText-2="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16, Andricus formosanus, new species, galls: 14 – 15, general appearance; 16, dissected galls (photos Chang-Ti Tang); 17, map of Quercus dentata and Andricus formosanus distribution (google. earth. com)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275098/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275099/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/275100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figs 1–16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356CD044FF3C2F43FA25FF68" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356CD044FF3C2F43FA25FF68" blockId="1.[151,1437,1883,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF3C2F43FEFCF8E2" bold="true" box="[151,332,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FF3C2F43FF64F8E2" box="[151,212,1883,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FEF82F44FE5EF8E1" box="[339,494,1884,1910]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female:
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356CD047FDFF2F44FD79F8E1" box="[596,713,1884,1910]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
, Pingtung County, I-Chang Mountain, Wutai Township, ex
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356CD047FAD42F44FF41F80B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FAD42F44FA24F8E2" box="[1407,1428,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF3C2F9BFF41F80B" box="[151,241,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg. Yu -F e n g H s u.
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FE4E2F9AFD3FF80B" box="[485,655,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FD302F9AFCB7F80B" box="[667,775,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FCE82F9AFC7BF80B" box="[835,971,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="female">44 females</specimenCount>
:
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FC7C2F9AFBEBF80B" box="[983,1115,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="female">29 females</specimenCount>
with the same label as the
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FF3C2FB1FEB3F854" box="[151,259,1961,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FEA42FB1FED0F854" box="[271,352,1961,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="male">8 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FE312FB1FDB2F854" box="[410,514,1961,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="female">8 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FDA12FB1FD30F854" box="[522,640,1961,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356CD047FD272FB1FCB1F854" box="[652,769,1961,1987]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
, Pingtung County, I-Chang Mountain, Wutai Township, ex
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356CD047FF162FC8FEF1F87E" box="[189,321,2000,2026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF162FC8FF62F87E" box="[189,210,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356CD047FF4F2FC8FEF1F87E" box="[228,321,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg. Chang-Ti Tang, 2009.
<date id="D47A1004356CD047FD082FC8FD5CF87D" box="[675,748,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">III.15.</date>
adult em. 2009.
<date id="D47A1004356CD047FC152FC8FBB5F87D" box="[958,1029,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="1923-03">III.23</date>
;
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FBB92FC8FBD7F87D" box="[1042,1127,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356CD047FB0D2FC8FAA3F87D" box="[1190,1299,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="female">7 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356CD047FAB02FC8FA28F87D" box="[1307,1432,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356FD044FF3C2880FEBCFF25" box="[151,268,152,178]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
, Taichung County, Shinshou Township, ex
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356FD044FCA12880FC36FF26" box="[778,902,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FCA12880FC36FF26" box="[778,902,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Q. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg. Chang-Ti Tang, 2009.
<date id="D47A1004356FD044FB642880FAA7FF25" box="[1231,1303,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">III.25.</date>
, adults em. 2009.
<date id="D47A1004356FD044FF7728A6FE93FF4F" box="[220,291,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">III.25.</date>
The
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FECA28A6FE78FF4F" box="[353,456,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female,
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FD9A28A6FD16FF4F" box="[561,678,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="female">10 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FD4A28A6FC81FF4F" box="[737,817,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FC9128A6FC1BFF4F" box="[826,939,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited in
<collectionCode id="C6D5AE01356FD044FBDC28A6FB60FF4F" box="[1143,1232,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">NMNS</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FB7728A6FAE2FF4F" box="[1244,1362,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="female">10 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FA2628A6FF60FF68" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FF7C28FDFEF7FF68" box="[215,327,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="C6D5AE01356FD044FEC628FDFE73FF68" box="[365,451,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7yf-mhkb" name="National Chung Hsing University" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">NCHU</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FE6528FDFD85FF68" box="[462,565,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="female">5 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FDC628FDFD0CFF68" box="[621,700,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FD6828FDFC83FF68" box="[707,819,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="C6D5AE01356FD044FCF228FDFC02FF68" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[857,946,229,255]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">USNM</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FC1628FDFB82FF68" box="[957,1074,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="female">19 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B6C2FD4D356FD044FBC128FDFB09FF68" box="[1130,1209,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FB6B28FDFA80FF68" box="[1216,1328,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in PDL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356FD044FF6E2913FB57FEB1" box="[197,1255,267,294]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356FD044FF6E2913FB57FEB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[197,1255,267,294]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FF6E2913FEE1FEB2" bold="true" box="[197,337,267,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356FD044FD3C2914FCB0FEB1" box="[663,768,268,294]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Formosa</collectingCountry>
, an earlier name for the island of
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356FD044FB212914FB53FEB1" box="[1162,1251,268,294]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356FD044FF6E292AFD64FDA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356FD044FF6E292AFD64FDA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FF6E292AFEF4FEDB" bold="true" box="[197,324,306,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356FD044FDCE292AFC62FEDB" authority="Monzen. In" authorityName="Monzen. In" box="[613,978,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FDCE292AFCF5FEDC" box="[613,837,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Andricus moriokae</emphasis>
Monzen. In
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356FD044FC72292AFB63FEDC" box="[985,1235,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FC72292AFB63FEDC" box="[985,1235,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FB4A292AFAC1FEDB" bold="true" box="[1249,1393,306,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD356FD044FB4A292AFAC1FEDB" box="[1249,1393,306,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the female antenna has 12 flagellomeres, with dense white setae; the forewing with a distinct areolet, the mesoscutum is much shorter in dorsal view; 2nd metasomal tergite with numerous setae antero-laterally; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium is longer, while in
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356FD044FC5329BFFB38FE57" box="[1016,1160,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FC5329BFFBBAFE57" box="[1016,1034,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FBB229BFFB38FE57" box="[1049,1160,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">moriokae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the female antenna has 11 flagellomeres, with few sparse short white setae; the forewing without areolet, the mesoscutum longer in dorsal view; 2nd metasomal tergite with very few setae antero-laterally; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium is shorter (
<figureCitation id="38FF2A41356FD044FD952A02FD77FDA3" box="[574,711,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,273,1456,1480]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1432]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 22. Andricus moriokae, female: 18, antenna; 19, mesosoma (dorsal view); 20, forewing, part (arrow indicates the absence of areolet); 21, metasoma (lateral view) (arrow indicates the absence of lateral setae on 2 nd metasomal tergite); 22, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figs 18–22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356FD040FF6E2A58FEF9F826" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356FD044FF6E2A58FB88FD15" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356FD044FF6E2A58FEEDFDCD" bold="true" box="[197,349,576,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Description.</emphasis>
SEXUAL FEMALE (
<typeStatus id="7F7F8866356FD044FDC32A59FD66FDCC" box="[616,726,577,603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Head, except light brown lower face, dark brown; antenna light brown; mesosoma and metasoma dark brown, legs uniformly light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356FD044FF6E2A96FED2FAF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Head alutaceous, with few white setae, more dense on lower face, genae and occiput; 2.0 times as broad as long from above, 1.4 times as broad as high and as broad as mesosoma in front view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, narrower than cross diameter of eye; malar space alutaceous, without striae, 0.4 times as long as height of eye. POL nearly 1.5 times as broad as OOL; OOL 2.1 times as long as length of lateral ocellus and 1.4 times as long as LOL. Transfacial distance only 1.1 times as broad as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.5 times as large as distance between them, distance between torulus and inner margin of eye 1.2 times a long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, with dense white setae, the median elevated area coriaceous. Clypeus rounded, emarginated, without median incision ventrally, delicately coriaceous, with very small elevated central area; anterior tentorial pits indistinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons alutaceous, with small smooth shining impression below median ocellus, with few white setae; interocellar area microreticulate. Vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous to alutaceous. Postocciput alutaceous, impressed around occipital foramen, without setae; posterior tentorial pits small, rounded, deep, area below them not impressed; height of occipital foramen slightly larger than height of gula; hypostomal carina emarginated, not going around oral foramen, continuing into gular sulcus. Labial palpus 3–segmented, all three segments densely setose; maxillary palpus 5-segmented, three terminal segments densely setose. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; slightly longer than mesosoma; pedicel slightly longer than broad; F1 1.2 times as long as F2, 1.7 times as long as pedicel; F2-F5 equal in length, F6–F10 shorter than previous flagellomeres and subequal in length; F12 slightly longer than F11; placodeal sensilla on F2–F12, absent on F1–F2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356FD044FF6E2D75FABEF865" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Mesosoma convex, only 1.2 times as long as high. Pronotum dull rugose, with numerous striae laterally, with dense white setae, emarginated along ventro-lateral edge, followed by deep longitudinal invagination; anterior rim of pronotum brown, laterally broader, with numerous longitudinal striae; propleuron light brown, alutaceous, shining, with smooth area in center, concave in medio-central part. Mesoscutum delicately alutaceous to smooth, especially in between notauli, shining, antero-laterally possess a patch of dense white setae; slightly broader than long (largest width measured across mesoscutum on the level of the base of tegulae). Notauli complete, deep and narrow, distinctly impressed, slightly converging and broadened at the posterior end; anterior parallel and parapsidal lines invisible, even rows of setae do not indicate them; median mesoscutal line absent. Mesoscutellum 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum, rounded, uniformly dull rugose, with irregular strong rugae, subequal, nearly as long as broad, very slightly overhanging metanotum; scutellar foveae distinct, transversely ovate, nearly 2.0 times as broad as high, with smooth, shining bottom, with distinct elevated narrow smooth median carina, separating foveae. Mesopleuron and speculum darker than rest of mesosoma, smooth, shining, without setae; narrowly impressed along acetabular carina; dorsal axillar area smooth, shining, with few strong irregular rugae and dense white setae; lateral axillar area alutaceous, with few setae; subaxillular bar dark brown, smooth, shining, in the most posterior part shorter than height of metanotal trough; postalar process light brown, with parallel delicate striae; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum dark brown, uniformly coriaceous,</paragraph>
<caption id="F4BB664C356ED045FF3C2F67FDE3F84C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275098/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[151,1436,197,1892]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356ED045FF3C2F67FDE3F84C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1919,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356ED045FF3C2F67FEF2F800" bold="true" box="[151,322,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356ED045FEE22F67FD9CF801" box="[329,556,1919,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356ED045FEE22F67FD9CF801" box="[329,556,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356ED045FD912F67FD0DF800" bold="true" box="[570,701,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD356ED045FD912F67FD0DF800" box="[570,701,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 1, head, female (front view); 2, head, female (dorsal view); 3, head, female (posterior view); 4, antenna, female; 5, antenna, male; 6, mesosoma, female (dorsal view); 7, mesosoma, female (lateral view); 8, hind tarsal claw, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F4BB664C3569D042FF3C2F8FFF6BF863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275099/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[194,1398,181,1924]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A07B36C43569D042FF3C2F8FFF6BF863" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63569D042FF3C2F8FFEEBF838" bold="true" box="[151,347,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FIGURES 9–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67C44D473569D042FEC82F80FDE5F838" box="[355,597,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63569D042FEC82F80FDE5F838" box="[355,597,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63569D042FDCE2F8FFD41F838" bold="true" box="[613,753,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD3569D042FDCE2F8FFD41F838" box="[613,753,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female: 9, propleuron (front view); 10, metascutellum and propodeum (postero-dorsal view); 11, forewing; 12, metasoma (lateral view); 13, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A07B36C43568D043FF3C2880FCD4FEDB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">metanotal trough brown, with some irregular rugae, with dense short white setae; ventral impressed area nearly as high as height of metascutellum, dark brown, smooth, with distinct longitudinal striae; propodeum brown, lighter than mesosoma, central propodeal area smooth, shining, with few irregular wrinkles and rugae, lateral propodeal carinae strong, high, curved outwards in posterior 1/3; lateral propodeal area with dense long white setae. Nucha with irregular wrinkles and rugae, brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C43568D043FF6E2941FD2EFE70" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Tarsal claws with basal lobe. Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with distinct long dense cilia on margin, radial cell 3.9 times as long as broad; R1 not reaching wing margin, Rs nearly straight, nearly reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, closed and distinct. Rs+M distinct on 2/3 of distance to basalis and its projection reaching basalis at its half height.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C43568D043FF6E29ECFAAAFD15" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
Metasoma slightly longer than head+mesosoma, higher than long in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergite occupying 2/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with dense white setae laterally, all tergites without setae, smooth, shining. Ventral spine of hypopygium slender, prominent part at least 3.0 times as long as broad, with sparse, long white setae, not extending beyond the apex of spine. Body length
<quantity id="673C9B213568D043FB852A70FB0BFD15" box="[1070,1211,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
(n=30).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F4BB664C3568D043FF3C2F83FAF0F842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1434,697,1922]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A07B36C43568D043FF3C2F83FAF0F842" blockId="5.[151,1436,1947,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63568D043FF3C2F83FED4F824" bold="true" box="[151,356,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
14–16,
<taxonomicName id="67C44D473568D043FE6B2F84FD1CF824" box="[448,684,1948,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63568D043FE6B2F84FD1CF824" box="[448,684,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63568D043FD102F83FCF4F824" bold="true" box="[699,836,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD3568D043FD102F83FCF4F824" box="[699,836,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, galls: 14–15, general appearance; 16, dissected galls (photos Chang-Ti Tang); 17, map of
<taxonomicName id="67C44D473568D043FDB52FA7FD7EF841" box="[542,718,1983,2006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63568D043FDB52FA7FD7EF841" box="[542,718,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Quercus dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="67C44D473568D043FCA92FA7FC55F841" box="[770,997,1983,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD63568D043FCA92FA7FC55F841" box="[770,997,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distribution (google.earth.com).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F4BB664C356BD040FF3C2DA8FCD4F99B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275101/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[151,1435,195,1431]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356BD040FF3C2DA8FCD4F99B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1456,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356BD040FF3C2DA8FED4FA5F" bold="true" box="[151,356,1456,1480]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">FIGURES 18–22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356BD040FEC72DA8FD8FFA50" box="[364,575,1456,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356BD040FEC72DA8FD8FFA50" box="[364,575,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Andricus moriokae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female: 18, antenna; 19, mesosoma (dorsal view); 20, forewing, part (arrow indicates the absence of areolet); 21, metasoma (lateral view) (arrow indicates the absence of lateral setae on 2nd metasomal tergite); 22, ventral spine of hypopygium (lateral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356BD040FF6E2E23FC53F935" blockId="6.[151,1436,1595,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
MALE.
<quantity id="673C9B21356BD040FE832E23FE06F9C2" box="[296,438,1595,1621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
(n=12) similar to female but head and mesosoma black, metasoma very dark brown to black; antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than body length, F1 only slightly curved, apically swollen, 1.4 times as long as F2, placodeal sensilla on all flagellomeres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356BD040FF6E2EB6FEF9F826" blockId="6.[151,1436,1595,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356BD040FF6E2EB6FF4BF95F" bold="true" box="[197,251,1710,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="38FF2A41356BD040FEA12EB7FE24F95E" box="[266,404,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,697,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,697,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16, Andricus formosanus, new species, galls: 14 – 15, general appearance; 16, dissected galls (photos Chang-Ti Tang); 17, map of Quercus dentata and Andricus formosanus distribution (google. earth. com)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
). Individual galls are approximately spherical, 3.5–5.0 mm in height (n=8), and integral to the leaf lamina. Galls cause swelling on both upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, and each contains a single(unilocular) thin-walled larval chamber
<quantity id="673C9B21356BD040FD042EE4FC8CF881" box="[687,828,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter (n=8), attached by a tiny filament to the outer wall of the gall. In mature galls, the larval chamber loses its connection to the gall wall, and rolls freely within an internal air space. Though galls can occur separately on a leaf, they are often aggregated into masses
<quantity id="673C9B21356BD040FF3C2F68FEA6F81D" box="[151,278,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="20.0">20–70 mm</quantity>
long that distort the leaf blade. Young galls are fleshy and pale green to yellowish, remaining soft as they mature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356BD041FF6E2FA5FB8CFEE4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356BD041FF6E2FA5FB8CFEE4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1595,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356BD040FF6E2FA5FE9AF840" bold="true" box="[197,298,1981,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the sexual generation of this species is known, inducing aggregated integral leaf galls on
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FF3C2880FED2FF26" box="[151,354,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FF3C2880FED2FF26" box="[151,354,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Quercus dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Section
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FE712880FDF0FF25" box="[474,576,152,178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Quercus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FDE22880FD55FF26" box="[585,741,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD356AD041FDE22880FD55FF26" box="[585,741,152,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). Mature galls were collected in March, adults emerged immedeately after the galls were collected, in late March. Most oak cynipids show cyclically parthenogenetic alternation of generations (
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FE7428FDFD04FF68" author="Stone" box="[479,692,229,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Stone, G. N., Atkinson, R. J., Rokas, A., Nieves-Aldrey, J. - L., Melika, G., Acs, Z., Csoka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. &amp; McVean, G. A. T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology 17, 652 - 665." type="journal article" year="2008">
Stone
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FD8528FDFDD4FF69" box="[558,612,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 2009), following a spring sexual generation with an asexual generation developing through the summer and early autumn. All
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FC332914FBB2FEB2" box="[920,1026,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FC332914FBB2FEB2" box="[920,1026,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with sexual generations on section
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FF5A292AFEE3FEDB" box="[241,339,306,332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Quercus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FEF2292AFE5CFEDC" box="[345,492,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="898357AD356AD041FEF2292AFE5CFEDC" box="[345,492,306,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
oaks known to date have an asexual generation on oaks in the same taxon, and it is probable that the partner asexual generation will also be found on
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FC122941FB85FEE5" box="[953,1077,345,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FC122941FB85FEE5" box="[953,1077,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356AD041FF6D2967FAA9FDCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356AD041FF6D2967FAA9FDCC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FF6D2967FED7FE0E" bold="true" box="[198,359,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known only from
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FD6D2998FC90FE0D" box="[710,800,384,410]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
: Taichung County, near Shinshou and Tungshih, and upstream of north Ailiao stream in Pingtung County, the only two places where
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FB9D29BFFB01FE57" box="[1078,1201,423,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FB9D29BFFB01FE57" box="[1078,1201,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known in
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FAED29BEFA2CFE57" box="[1350,1436,422,448]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FF3429D5FEFAFE70" author="Lu" box="[159,330,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Lu, F. Y., Ou, C. H., Chen, Y. C., Chi, Y. S., Lu, K. C. &amp; Tseng, Y. H. (2006) Trees of Taiwan. Volume 2. Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 500 pp. (in Chinese)" type="book" year="2006">
Lu
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FF6229D5FF4EFE71" box="[201,254,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="38FF2A41356AD041FEC929D5FE0BFE70" box="[354,443,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,697,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,697,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. 14 – 16, Andricus formosanus, new species, galls: 14 – 15, general appearance; 16, dissected galls (photos Chang-Ti Tang); 17, map of Quercus dentata and Andricus formosanus distribution (google. earth. com)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275100/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). It is possible that this species also occurs in continental
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FBC329D5FB01FE70" box="[1128,1201,461,487]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">China</collectingCountry>
, as well as in
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FAF229D5FA2CFE70" box="[1369,1436,461,487]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Japan</collectingCountry>
and/or the Russian Far East, where
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FD9729ECFD08FD9A" box="[572,696,500,525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FD9729ECFD08FD9A" box="[572,696,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species. However,
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FB9529ECFA89FD9A" box="[1086,1337,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FB9529ECFA89FD9A" box="[1086,1337,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not mentioned in studies of Japanese oak gallwasps by
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FCAC2A02FBF7FDA3" author="Yukawa" box="[775,1095,538,564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Yukawa, J. &amp; Masuda, H. (eds.) (1996) Insect and mite galls of Japan in colors. Zenkoku-Nouson-Kyoukai, Tokyo, 826 pp. (in Japanese)." type="book" year="1996">Yukawa &amp; Masuda (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and of the Russian Far East fauna by
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FEAF2A59FE70FDCC" author="Kovalev" box="[260,448,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Kovalev, O. V. (1965) Gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from the south of the Soviet Far East. Entomologicheskoye Obozrenije 44 (1 / 2), 46 - 73. [In Russian] [English translation in Entomological Review 44, 25 - 38]." type="journal article" year="1965">Kovalev (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. Further research is necessary to establish the distribution of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8DE654F356AD041FF6E2A7FFA9BFC07" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A07B36C4356AD041FF6E2A7FFA9BFC07" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FF6E2A7FFEE3FD16" bold="true" box="[197,339,615,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Comments.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FEF12A70FECBFD15" box="[346,379,616,642]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">As</collectingCountry>
we mentioned above,
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FD292A70FCCCFD16" box="[642,892,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FD292A70FCCCFD16" box="[642,892,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Andricus formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles an Eastern Palaearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FF552A97FDE3FD3F" authority="Monzen" authorityName="Monzen" box="[254,595,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FF552A97FE55FD3F" box="[254,485,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Andricus moriokae</emphasis>
Monzen
</taxonomicName>
, which was originally described based on the sexual generation. This species also induces integral leaf galls on
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FD2D2AADFCB3FD59" box="[646,771,693,718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FD2D2AADFCB3FD59" box="[646,771,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FC962AADFBA6FD58" authority="Murray" authorityName="Murray" box="[829,1046,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FC962AADFCE2FD59" box="[829,850,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FCC92AADFC07FD59" box="[866,951,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">serrata</emphasis>
Murray
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FB922AADFAF6FD58" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[1081,1350,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FB922AADFBFEFD59" box="[1081,1102,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FBF62AADFB5EFD59" box="[1117,1262,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">glandulifera</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
) and is known from
<collectingCountry id="D8D37654356AD041FE992AC4FEC6FD61" box="[306,374,732,758]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Russian Far East (
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FD202AC4FC86FD61" author="Monzen" box="[651,822,732,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Monzen, K. (1953) Revision of the Japanese gall wasps with the descriptions of new genus, subgenus, species and subspecies (I). Cynipidae (Cynipinae), Hymenoptera. Annual Report of Gakugei Faculty, Iwate University 5, 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="1953">Monzen 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FCE82AC4FC40FD61" author="Kovalev" box="[835,1008,732,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Kovalev, O. V. (1965) Gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from the south of the Soviet Far East. Entomologicheskoye Obozrenije 44 (1 / 2), 46 - 73. [In Russian] [English translation in Entomological Review 44, 25 - 38]." type="journal article" year="1965">Kovalev 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Although the galls induced by the two species are structurally similar, in
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FDF42B1AFCBAFC8C" box="[607,778,770,795]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FDF42B1AFCBAFC8C" box="[607,778,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">A. formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the gall clusters always much bigger, comprising many galls, often merged together, while in
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FDCB2B31FD43FCD5" box="[608,755,809,834]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FDCB2B31FD43FCD5" box="[608,755,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">A. moriokae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only a few galls are typically found on each leaf. For
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FA292B31FEB8FCFE" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moriokae">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FA292B31FEB8FCFE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">A. moriokae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the alternate asexual generation is known to induce bud galls on
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FB882B48FF6FFC07" authority="Katsuda &amp; Yukawa 2003" authorityName="Katsuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2003" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FB882B48FB2FFCFE" box="[1059,1183,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Q. serrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C4554B35356AD041FB1B2B48FF67FC07" author="Katsuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Katsuda, T. &amp; Yukawa, J. (2003) Findings of agamic generation gall caused by Andricus moriokae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus serrata (Fagaceae). Esakia 43, 19 - 25." type="journal article" year="2003">Katsuda &amp; Yukawa 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The asexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FD8A2B6FFD79FC07" box="[545,713,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FD8A2B6FFD79FC07" box="[545,713,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">A. formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be induced in a similar location on
<emphasis id="92B0EAD6356AD041FB0C2B6FFA9BFC07" box="[1191,1323,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="67C44D47356AD041FB0C2B6FFA97FC07" box="[1191,1319,887,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">Q. dentata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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