116 lines
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116 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab19cb73-5fe3-408e-a5b2-87e5a4869bd2" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-60-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" ID-ZBK="9C85B6401F1B478DACE75AA899DE42FC" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138890" ID-ZooBank="9C85B6401F1B478DACE75AA899DE42FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-60-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses" checkinTime="1509376712577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brothers, Denis J. & Lelej, Arkady S." docDate="2017" docId="8CC568BCB3BA76D2F830CB38F9B670D8" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 60: 1-97" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60" docPubDate="2017-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091" docTitle="Vianatilla Brothers & Lelej 2017, trib. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="5F3C2042-451E-4B27-8058-711F055D6834" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1678749505039" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brothers, Denis J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-514X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville (Pietermaritzburg), 3209 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brothers@ukzn.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lelej, Arkady S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7501-0981</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-10-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>97</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-60-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9C85B6401F1B478DACE75AA899DE42FC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1144F86EFFABFFB2FFCFFF9EF522AA38</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138890</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137468011" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F3C2042-451E-4B27-8058-711F055D6834" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CC568BCB3BA76D2F830CB38F9B670D8" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5F3C2042-451E-4B27-8058-711F055D6834" authority="Brothers & Lelej" authorityName="Brothers & Lelej" authorityYear="2017" family="Mutillidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="tribe" status="trib. n." tribe="Dasymutillini">Dasymutillini Brothers & Lelej</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="11">trib. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="type genus">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Dasymutilla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasymutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dasymutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1899. This group is paraphyletic in most analyses, although, interestingly, monophyletic in the tree derived from males only (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 1622, ci = 0.20, ri = 0.63), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups, males only, 140 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 71). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164833" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">10</figureCitation>
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) and that from the matrix with duplicated terminals reflecting maximum polymorphisms (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 3822, ci = 0.14, ri = 0.75), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups (but each duplicated and recoded so as to reflect maximal character-state differences for polymorphisms, and taxa retained as monophyletic collapsed in the figure, see text), both sexes, 230 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 169). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Names in bold are of " terminals " shown not to be monophyletic." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164830" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7</figureCitation>
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), and almost so in the tree derived from the reduced matrix in which the most polymorphic characters had been deleted (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 2024, ci = 0.21, ri = 0.63), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups both sexes, 198 characters (32 of the original 230 deleted, those found to be polymorphic in at least 10 % of terminals) many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 81). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164831" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8</figureCitation>
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). Using Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Tree based on preferred tree (see Fig. 5) but with branches re-arranged to make the potential recognizable groups (see Fig. 12) monophyletic (length = 2858, ci = 0.19, ri = 0.60). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling; the highest values obtained when resampling all non-additive or mostly additive characters, using equal weights and implied weights (N = 5), are shown. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164836" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13</figureCitation>
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as the base, moving the terminals to reflect the arrangement in the preferred tree (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 2828, ci = 0.19, ri = 0.61), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups, both sexes, 230 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 81). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Terminals in bold are those whose placements differ by more than mere taxonomic level in the classifications of DB and LN (see Appendix 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164828" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
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) (except in retaining the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brothers & Lelej" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Euspinolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euspinolia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euspinolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mickel" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Hoplocrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocrates" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hoplocrates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group as sister to the remaining pseudomethocines) actually added four steps, making the proposed final arrangement preferable in this regard. The group is not supported by resampling nor by any unique and unambiguously placed synapomorphies, but there is a single unique but ambiguously placed synapomorphy for both additive and non-additive characters: 10.2, eye strongly convex in females (but also in several other sphaeropthalmines and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Krombein" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Seyrigilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seyrigilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Seyrigilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and less convex in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Odontomyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomyrme" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Odontomyrme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). There are also some ambiguously placed homoplasious synapomorphies, the most significant being: 135.2, mesoscutal notaulus absent in winged males (but also in most pseudomethocines, a few sphaeropthalmines
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">s.s.</emphasis>
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and scattered terminals elsewhere, and present in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Williams, Brothers & Pitts" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Gogoltilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gogoltilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gogoltilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Casal" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Tobantilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobantilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tobantilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). It is not surprising that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Dasymutilla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasymutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dasymutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was shown to be paraphyletic in the analysis of duplicated terminals (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Single most-parsimonious tree (raw length = 3822, ci = 0.14, ri = 0.75), of 101 sub / genera of Mutillidae and 4 outgroups (but each duplicated and recoded so as to reflect maximal character-state differences for polymorphisms, and taxa retained as monophyletic collapsed in the figure, see text), both sexes, 230 characters many additive and all with implied weighting (N = 5, k = 169). Group support (GC) values shown for all groups supported by resampling. Names in bold are of " terminals " shown not to be monophyletic." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.60.20091.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164830" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7</figureCitation>
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), since it is generally recognized that the genus is highly variable (and even very difficult to separate from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Traumatomutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatomutilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Traumatomutilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="André">Andre</normalizedToken>
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), although recent reviews have not suggested the recognition of further genera or even subgenera; we tried to capture some of that variability in the selection of exemplars. The tribe is Neotropical, Australian and Nearctic in distribution, with 24 sub/genera; females are known for 100% and males for 95% of those taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |