364 lines
50 KiB
XML
364 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="260B496AD4776E17F63D18E59EAED179" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883786" ID-ZooBank="AEFDB294-AE8F-426D-9805-FC701798A986" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711486399490" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paterson, John R., Garc ́ ıa-Bellid, Diego C. & Edgecomb, Gregory D." docDate="2023" docId="039B87D4FF8CAE3CB390ABFD6D4DFCEF" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.21.1.2225066.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2225066) 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Echidnacaris Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFA2FFACFF80AE33B04DAF326C70FFB4" masterDocTitle="The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1713362264212" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5BF5FBABC399B26704400023E0472532">
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<mods:title id="EABC1F37D974B03DD7C21B2EFC7A17A5">The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F6F56E39B7B595C1BC3AF923F9263FD3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C244FD14B44B82B21B3B80E2D3BB3348">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DBEC649AE6620A0F33E3151E663CED46">Paterson, John R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54C4F89EB989F985342B2FA2335254B9">Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26ABB6E607795CEFD33F6CADCFB0D5C7">Garc ́ ıa-Bellid, Diego C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4319D2D2A9099A96C3313F5A605AF10">Edgecomb, Gregory D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="54D6195564D6D504F70F962F65F2B74A">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3A7EC4DEAFE2EDF2EF4BDE77C1E800F3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="98B3EC08AFBE428161ED9FAACA83D0F6">2225066</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="2B742561560B83842985295ABE0B094D">2023-07-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039B87D4FF8CAE3CB390ABFD6D4DFCEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D4FF8CAE3CB390ABFD6D4DFCEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87D4FF8CAE3CB390ABFD6D4DFCEF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3286549FF8CAE3FB390ABFD695BFB52" box="[989,1323,1231,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3FB390ABFD695BFB52" blockId="12.[887,1424,1196,1255]" box="[989,1323,1231,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0C581AEFF8CAE3FB390ABFD695BFB52" box="[989,1323,1231,1255]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB467ABFD68CDFB53" authority="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1066,1213,1231,1255]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB467ABFD68CDFB53" bold="true" box="[1066,1213,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF8CAE3FB488ABFD695BFB52" box="[1221,1323,1231,1254]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF8CAE3FB301AA2D683EFAC3" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3FB301AA2D683EFAC3" blockId="12.[844,1466,1311,1399]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C9FFF8CAE3FB301AA2D6839FAC3" county="Emu Bay Shale" location="Kangaroo Island" municipality="Emu Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB301AA2D6F98FA82" bold="true" box="[844,1000,1311,1334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="54898860FF8CAE3FB301AA2D6FF6FA82" box="[844,902,1311,1334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB3BEAA2D6905FA82" authority="Nedin, 1995" authorityName="Nedin" authorityYear="1995" box="[1011,1397,1311,1334]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB3BEAA2D6890FA82" box="[1011,1248,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris briggsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB4A1AA2D6905FA82" author="Nedin, C." box="[1260,1397,1311,1334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref15983" refString="Nedin, C. (1995). The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerst ¨ atten, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 18, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Nedin, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingCounty id="62EC4E4EFF8CAE3FB5C5AA2D6FB5FAE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACB8FF8CAE3FB5C5AA2D6F07FAE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Emu Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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Shale
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</collectingCounty>
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(Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4),
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<location id="8EED6019FF8CAE3FB51CAA0D6FE0FAC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D4FF8CAE3CB390ABFD6D4DFCEF:8EED6019FF8CAE3FB51CAA0D6FE0FAC3" county="Emu Bay Shale" municipality="Emu Bay" name="Kangaroo Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="South Australia">Kangaroo Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F6F820FF8CAE3FB3D0AA526839FAC3" box="[925,1097,1376,1399]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF8CAE3EB301AAA26D67FDFD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3EB301AAA26D3BFEE2" blockId="12.[844,1467,1424,1901]" lastBlockId="13.[159,781,189,342]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB301AAA26FB1FA13" bold="true" box="[844,961,1424,1447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Frontal appendage having single podomere in base with proximal part expanded as dorsal and ventral lobes. Thirteen podomeres in claw. Claw endites straight to slightly curved, oriented posteriorly, and of approximately equal length up to En11; endite length
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB3D0A9006FDFF9FD" box="[925,943,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">c.</emphasis>
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1.2 times height of associated podomere for Cp1, gradually increasing to
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB4E7A96168CCF9DE" box="[1194,1212,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">c.</emphasis>
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3.1 times for Cp11. Up to 13 anterior auxiliary spines and seven posterior auxiliary spines on claw endites. Spinules on En1 to En11, with up to 10 spinules per podomere. Large, ovate head element. Sessile eye with visual surface bounded by bilobate eye sclerite and marginal cuticular rim; lenses conspicuously enlarged in central part of visual surface. Oral cone with three large plates that widen slightly towards their midlength, each separated by eight or nine medium-sized plates with anastomosing furrows in outer part; inner half of all plates bearing relatively numerous nodes (19–30 on large plates), with larger nodes concentrated inwards of small nodes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB0D2AE5D6D67FDFD" blockId="13.[159,781,367,585]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB0D2AE5D6DE1FE32" bold="true" box="[159,401,367,390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
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After the Australian monotreme colloquially known as the echidna, which frequents the Big Gully site and possesses elongate quills (or ‘spines’) on its back that are reminiscent of the auxiliary spines and spinules on the endites of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB251AEC36E18FDBC" authorityName="Nedin" authorityYear="1995" box="[540,616,497,520]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB251AEC36E18FDBC" box="[540,616,497,520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">briggsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; and ‘-
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB285AEC36E8DFDBC" box="[712,765,497,520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">caris</emphasis>
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’, meaning ‘shrimp’ (Latin) – a common suffix for radiodonts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3286549FF8DAE3CB0D2AD506D4DFCEF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB0D2AD506D6BFC0A" blockId="13.[159,781,610,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB0D2AD506D7DFDCD" bold="true" box="[159,269,610,633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Some characters cited in the most recent revised diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB1D9ADB06E0DFD2D" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[404,637,642,665]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB1D9ADB06E0DFD2D" box="[404,637,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris briggsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB28BADB06DFAFD0E" author="Daley, A. C. & Paterson, J. R. & Edgecombe, G. D. & Jago, J. B." pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., & Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) are excluded from the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB08DADF16D3EFD6E" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,334,707,730]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB08DADF16D3EFD6E" box="[192,334,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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herein because they are now known to be shared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB103ADD66EA4FD4F" authority="Daley and Peel, 2010" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[334,724,740,763]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB103ADD66DA9FD4F" box="[334,473,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB1A9ADD66EA4FD4F" author="Daley, A. C. & Peel, J. P." box="[484,724,740,763]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="352 - 355" refId="ref14225" refString="Daley, A. C., & Peel, J. P. (2010). A possible anomalocaridid from the Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerst ¨ atte, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology, 84, 352 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 09 - 136 R 1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Daley and Peel, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, following the redescription of its
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<typeStatus id="54898860FF8DAE3EB1BAAC376E55FCA8" box="[503,549,773,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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||
and only species,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB2BAAC376D9BFC88" authority="(Vinther et al., 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Vinther" baseAuthorityYear="2014" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB2BAAC376C86FC88" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">T. borealis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB14AAC176D90FC88" author="Vinther, J. & Stein, M. & Longrich, N. R. & Harper, D. A. T." box="[263,480,805,828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="496 - 499" refId="ref17075" refString="Vinther, J., Stein, M., Longrich, N. R., & Harper, D. A. T. (2014). A suspension-feeding anomalocaridid from the Early Cambrian. Nature, 507, 496 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10. 1038 / nature 13010" type="journal article" year="2014">Vinther et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. These include the frontal appendage being long and distally tapering, with endites longer than the height of the associated podomere, and the presence of spinules on the ventral part of the claw podomeres.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB0F4ACF56F8BFF41" blockId="13.[159,781,610,1901]" lastBlockId="13.[844,1467,189,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
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||
Coding previously unknown information for the oral cone and head element of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB184ACDA6EDEFC4B" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[457,686,1000,1023]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB184ACDA6EDEFC4B" box="[457,686,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris briggsi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
into the character matrix of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB1C1AB3A6E18FBAB" author="Zeng, H. & Zhao, F. & Zhu, M." box="[396,616,1032,1055]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="2021 - 164" refId="ref17780" refString="Zeng, H., Zhao, F., & Zhu, M. (2023). Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 180, jgs 2021 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2021 - 164" type="journal article" year="2023">Zeng et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
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preserves the membership and interrelationships of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB21EAB1B6F7CFBF4" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[595,780,1065,1088]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
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as shown in that study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8DAE3EB1E2AB7B6D81FBD4" box="[431,497,1097,1120]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[159,226,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[169,1461,198,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-98@4.[159,1467,188,1465]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A, strict consensus of nine shortest cladograms under equal character weights; numbers at nodes are jackknife frequencies>50%. B, single best fit cladogram under implied weights (k= 3); numbers at nodes are G/C values>50%. Colours indicate clades: Euarthropoda (yellow), Hurdiidae (purple), Amplectobeluidae (blue), Anomalocarididae (green), and Tamisiocarididae sensu stricto (pink)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883790/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). A well-supported clade composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB176AB586DEEFB35" box="[315,414,1130,1153]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB176AB586DEEFB35" box="[315,414,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Houcaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB1FFAB586E4DFB35" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[434,573,1130,1153]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB1FFAB586E4DFB35" box="[434,573,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB233AB586F7CFB35" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[638,780,1130,1153]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB233AB586F7CFB35" box="[638,780,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(then ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB0A7ABB86D91FB15" authorityName="Nedin" authorityYear="1995" box="[234,481,1162,1186]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB0A7ABB86DF0FB15" box="[234,384,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB1D8ABB86D91FB15" box="[405,481,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) corresponds to the scope of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB0F2AB996D08FB76" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[191,376,1195,1218]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB252AB996F78FB76" author="Wu, Y. & Fu, D. & Ma, J. & Lin, W. & Sun, A. & Zhang, X." box="[543,776,1195,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="209 - 221" refId="ref17328" refString="Wu, Y., Fu, D., Ma, J., Lin, W., Sun, A., & Zhang, X. (2021). Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta). PalZ, 95, 209 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 020 - 00545 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Wu, Fu et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The sister group relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB202ABF96EAAFB56" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[591,730,1227,1250]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB202ABF96EAAFB56" box="[591,730,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB0D2ABDE6D5DFAB7" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[159,301,1260,1283]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB0D2ABDE6D5DFAB7" box="[159,301,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
receives strong node support (jackknife frequency 99% under equal weights; G/C ratio 94 under implied weights). This clade corresponds to the original scope of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB142AA7C6DB8FAD1" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[271,456,1358,1381]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as diagnosed by Pates and Daley (2019), who formalized a phylogenetic relationship first proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB1D8AABD6E07FA12" author="Vinther, J. & Stein, M. & Longrich, N. R. & Harper, D. A. T." box="[405,631,1423,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="496 - 499" refId="ref17075" refString="Vinther, J., Stein, M., Longrich, N. R., & Harper, D. A. T. (2014). A suspension-feeding anomalocaridid from the Early Cambrian. Nature, 507, 496 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10. 1038 / nature 13010" type="journal article" year="2014">Vinther et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB140AA9D6D00FA72" box="[269,368,1455,1478]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB140AA9D6D00FA72" box="[269,368,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Houcaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the next closest relative of these taxa prompted a broadening of the scope of the family by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB08EAAC26DD7F9B3" author="Wu, Y. & Fu, D. & Ma, J. & Lin, W. & Sun, A. & Zhang, X." box="[195,423,1520,1543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="209 - 221" refId="ref17328" refString="Wu, Y., Fu, D., Ma, J., Lin, W., Sun, A., & Zhang, X. (2021). Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta). PalZ, 95, 209 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 020 - 00545 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Wu, Fu et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who identified elongate endites much longer than the height of the associated podomere and multiple slender auxiliary spines as apomorphic characters of this broadened clade. Using the present data set, synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB190A9406E30F93D" box="[477,576,1650,1673]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB190A9406E30F93D" box="[477,576,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Houcaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB21CA9406EACF93D" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[593,732,1650,1673]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB21CA9406EACF93D" box="[593,732,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB0D2A9A16D5DF91E" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[159,301,1683,1706]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB0D2A9A16D5DF91E" box="[159,301,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB113A9A16E69F91E" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[350,537,1683,1706]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) include needle-like auxiliary spines on claw endite 1 (En1) and other proximal claw endites (character 111, state 3; character 132, state 3, respectively), auxiliary spines of En1 and other proximal claw endites of close size to each other (character 114, state 1; character 135, state 1, respectively), and spinules around the root of En1 and other proximal claw endites (character 112, state 1; character 133, state 1, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB32AAFCC69E9FD52" blockId="13.[844,1467,189,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Other recent phylogenies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB4E8AFCC696AFEA1" authorityName="Collins" authorityYear="1996" box="[1189,1306,254,277]" order="Radiodonta" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" rank="order">Radiodonta</taxonomicName>
|
||
have likewise recovered a sister-group relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB57BAE2D69CBFE82" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[1334,1467,287,310]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB57BAE2D69CBFE82" box="[1334,1467,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB3C9AE72687BFEE3" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[900,1035,320,343]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB3C9AE72687BFEE3" box="[900,1035,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB468AE726936FEE3" author="Moysiuk, J. & Caron, J. - B." box="[1061,1350,320,343]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref15833" refString="Moysiuk, J., & Caron, J. - B. (2021). Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology, 47, 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / pab. 2021.19" type="journal article" year="2021">Caron & Moysiuk, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB52DAE726830FECC" author="Lerosey-Aubril, R. & Pates, S." pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="3774" refId="ref15549" refString="Lerosey-Aubril, R., & Pates, S. (2018). New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian micronekton. Nature Communications, 9, 3774. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 018 - 06229 - 7" type="journal article" year="2018">Lerosey-Aubril & Pates, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB41BAE53691BFECC" author="Moysiuk, J. & Caron, J. - B." box="[1110,1387,353,376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="20191079" refId="ref15773" refString="Moysiuk, J., & Caron, J. - B. (2019). A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences, 286, 20191079. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2019.1079" type="journal article" year="2019">Moysiuk & Caron, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021, 2022). Synapomorphies of the two include an elongate and rod-like base endite and claw endite 1 (En1) (character 86, state 1; character 107, state 1, respectively), a posterior orientation of En1 and other proximal claw endites (character 105, state 1; character 128, state 1, respectively), pectinate auxiliary spines on En1 and other proximal claw endites (character 113, state 1; character 134, state 1, respectively), auxiliary spines on En1 much longer than the width of the associated endite (character 117, state 1), and roughly equal numbers of anterior and posterior auxiliary spines on proximal claw endites (character 144, state 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB32AADDC6835FA0B" blockId="13.[844,1467,189,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB32AADDC683CFCB1" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[871,1100,750,773]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB32AADDC683CFCB1" box="[871,1100,750,773]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides new data on characters of the oral cone in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB47FAC22689EFC93" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[1074,1262,784,807]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, otherwise known only from two incomplete specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB558AC036860FC3E" authority="(Pates, Daley, Edgecombe, Cong, and Lieberman, 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Pates, Daley, Edgecombe, Cong, and Lieberman" baseAuthorityYear="2019" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnabasis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB558AC036FEDFCDD" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Houcaris magnabasis</emphasis>
|
||
(Pates, Daley, Edgecombe, Cong, and Lieberman, 2019)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB46EAC416899FC3E" author="Pates, S. & Daley, A. C. & Edgecombe, G. D. & Cong, P. & Lieberman, B. S." box="[1059,1257,883,906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="235 - 262" refId="ref16679" refString="Pates, S., Daley, A. C., Edgecombe, G. D., Cong, P., & Lieberman, B. S. (2021). Systematics, preservation and biogeography of radiodonts from the southern Great Basin, USA, during the upper Dyeran (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4). Papers in Palaeontology, 7, 235 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / spp 2.1277" type="journal article" year="2021">Pates et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 6a, c, 7a–c). The triradial, strongly tuberculate and furrowed oral cone shares these character states with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB301ACE56861FC5A" authorityName="Raymond" authorityYear="1935" box="[844,1041,983,1006]" family="Anomalocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anomalocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB419ACE5691AFC5A" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1108,1386,983,1006]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB419ACE5691AFC5A" box="[1108,1386,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Anomalocaris canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB5EEACE56FEFFBBB" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB5EEACE56FEFFBBB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">A. daleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and provides additional support to the hypothesis that anomalocaridids are the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB301AB086879FBE5" authorityName="Pates and Daley" authorityYear="2019" box="[844,1033,1082,1105]" family="Tamisiocarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tamisiocarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This grouping was recovered under implied weights in some parsimony analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB5C9AB6E6FAEFB20" author="Zeng, H. & Zhao, F. & Zhu, M." pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="2021 - 164" refId="ref17780" refString="Zeng, H., Zhao, F., & Zhu, M. (2023). Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 180, jgs 2021 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2021 - 164" type="journal article" year="2023">Zeng et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is stable across concavity constants
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB301ABAC6F28FB01" box="[844,856,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">k</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 to
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB3E6ABAC6FC7FB01" box="[939,951,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">k</emphasis>
|
||
= 10 using the present data set (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8DAE3EB569ABAC6915FB01" box="[1316,1381,1182,1205]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[159,226,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[169,1461,198,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-98@4.[159,1467,188,1465]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A, strict consensus of nine shortest cladograms under equal character weights; numbers at nodes are jackknife frequencies>50%. B, single best fit cladogram under implied weights (k= 3); numbers at nodes are G/C values>50%. Colours indicate clades: Euarthropoda (yellow), Hurdiidae (purple), Amplectobeluidae (blue), Anomalocarididae (green), and Tamisiocarididae sensu stricto (pink)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883790/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), albeit with low node support. Compared with other triradial oral cones, that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB478ABD268B3FB43" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1077,1219,1248,1271]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB478ABD268B3FB43" box="[1077,1219,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has especially wide, barrel-shaped large plates, more consistent medium-sized plates (rather than numerous small plates amidst medium-sized plates), and more pervasive tuberculation. These characters readily allow the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB494AA576938FAC8" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1241,1352,1381,1404]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB494AA576938FAC8" box="[1241,1352,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">E. briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oral cone to be distinguished from that of the co-occurring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB301AA9A684EFA0B" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[844,1086,1448,1471]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB301AA9A684EFA0B" box="[844,1086,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8DAE3EB32AAAFA697EF8D9" blockId="13.[844,1467,189,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Two isolated radiodont head elements are assigned herein to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB3F7AADB68D0F9B4" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[954,1184,1513,1536]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB3F7AADB68D0F9B4" box="[954,1184,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Echidnacaris briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their similarity in shape to a head element preserved in association with a pair of frontal appendages of its closest relative,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB301A97F684FF9D0" box="[844,1087,1613,1636]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB301A97F684FF9D0" box="[844,1087,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tamisiocaris borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB41AA97F6933F9D0" author="Vinther, J. & Stein, M. & Longrich, N. R. & Harper, D. A. T." box="[1111,1347,1613,1636]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="496 - 499" refId="ref17075" refString="Vinther, J., Stein, M., Longrich, N. R., & Harper, D. A. T. (2014). A suspension-feeding anomalocaridid from the Early Cambrian. Nature, 507, 496 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10. 1038 / nature 13010" type="journal article" year="2014">Vinther et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, extended data fig. 4a, b, d). Both are ovate, with a rounded apex, and are presumed to be dorsal median coverings of the head. In addition to these shared characters of tamisiocaridids as a basis for assigning EBS head elements, the co-occurring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB3ABA9C16890F8BE" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[998,1248,1779,1802]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB3ABA9C16890F8BE" box="[998,1248,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would instead be expected to possess an oval plate with a broad marginal rim, based on comparison to the dorsal carapace of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8DAE3EB5EEA8076979F8D9" authority="(Daley & Edgecombe, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Daley & Edgecombe" baseAuthorityYear="2014" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8DAE3EB5EEA8076FB3F8D9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">A. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8DAE3EB39EA864688DF8D9" author="Daley, A. C. & Edgecombe, G. D." box="[979,1277,1878,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="68 - 91" refId="ref14094" refString="Daley, A. C., & Edgecombe, G. D. (2014). Morphology of Anomalocaris canadensis from the Burgess Shale. Journal of Paleontology, 88, 68 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 13 - 067" type="journal article" year="2014">Daley & Edgecombe, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8FAE3CB0F4AF8F6D4DFCEF" blockId="15.[159,781,189,859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">
|
||
We have included oral cone and eye characters in the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB12CAFEF6D82FF40" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[353,498,221,244]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB12CAFEF6D82FF40" box="[353,498,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
despite the lack of data for them in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB161AFCF6DCAFEA0" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[300,442,253,276]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB161AFCF6DCAFEA0" box="[300,442,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and relatively poor preservation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB14CAE2C6D16FE81" box="[257,358,286,309]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB14CAE2C6D16FE81" box="[257,358,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Houcaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sessile eye of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB23EAE2C6E99FE81" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[627,745,286,309]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB23EAE2C6E99FE81" box="[627,745,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">E. briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB167AE0C6DD7FEE1" authorityName="Collins" authorityYear="1996" box="[298,423,318,341]" order="Radiodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="27" rank="order">Radiodonta</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a whole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8FAE3CB21BAE0C6CA5FEC1" author="Paterson, J. R. & Edgecombe, G. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="15" pagination="6721" refId="ref16117" refString="Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., & Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C. (2020). Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology. Science Advances, 6, eabc 6721. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / sciadv. abc 6721" type="journal article" year="2020">Paterson et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), other taxa having stalked eyes, but new data from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB092AE4D6D1DFE22" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[223,365,383,406]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB092AE4D6D1DFE22" box="[223,365,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in particular might show that some of the apparent autapomorphies of the eyes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB2B8AEAD6C9CFE62" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB2B8AEAD6C9CFE62" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">E. briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shared by other tamisiocaridids. Given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB0D2AED26D5DFE43" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[159,301,480,503]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB0D2AED26D5DFE43" box="[159,301,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB1CFAED26E63FE43" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[386,531,480,503]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB1CFAED26E63FE43" box="[386,531,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both presently monotypic and their sister group relationship is strongly supported, the argument could be made that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB2B8AD126C9CFDEC" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB2B8AD126C9CFDEC" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">E. briggsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be classified as a second species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB0D2AD536D5DFDCC" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[159,301,609,632]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB0D2AD536D5DFDCC" box="[159,301,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We chose to classify them separately at the generic level to reflect substantial differences in characters widely applied in generic diagnoses of radiodonts, such as numbers of claw podomeres (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF8FAE3CB29CADF06F7DFD6D" box="[721,781,706,729]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB0D2ADD16D5DFD4E" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[159,301,739,762]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB0D2ADD16D5DFD4E" box="[159,301,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF8FAE3CB124ADD16DDBFD4E" box="[361,427,739,762]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB1F3ADD16E3FFD4E" authorityName="Paterson & Garćıa-Bellid & Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[446,591,739,762]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB1F3ADD16E3FFD4E" box="[446,591,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Echidnacaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), together with lengths of claw endites and the number of auxiliary spines borne by them (both much greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8FAE3CB0D2AC766D5DFCEF" authorityName="Daley and Peel" authorityYear="2010" box="[159,301,836,859]" family="Cetiocaridae" genus="Tamisiocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8FAE3CB0D2AC766D5DFCEF" box="[159,301,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="15">Tamisiocaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |