treatments-xml/data/65/57/9C/65579C96A01C9A5FA13C13A3ACDF9DED.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.373.6511" ID-PMC="PMC3909805" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-373-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A246FFD7FFADFF9EFFAAAF06FFDCCB03" ID-PubMed="24493958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577685" ModsDocID="1313-2970-373-1" checkinTime="1451246409452" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Halasz, Anna, McFadden, Catherine S., Aharonovich, Dafna, Toonen, Robert &amp; Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2014" docId="65579C96A01C9A5FA13C13A3ACDF9DED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 373: 1-41" docOrigin="ZooKeys 373" docPubDate="2014-01-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.373.6511" docTitle="Ovabunda impulsatilla" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="A246FFD7FFADFF9EFFAAAF06FFDCCB03" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="A246FFD7FFADFF9EFFAAAF06FFDCCB03" masterDocTitle="A revision of the octocoral genus Ovabunda Alderslade, 2001 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Xeniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668157524706" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the octocoral genus Ovabunda Alderslade, 2001 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Halasz, Anna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aharonovich, Dafna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Toonen, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 46 - 007 Lilipuna Road, Kane'ohe, HI 96744, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2014-01-23</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65579C96A01C9A5FA13C13A3ACDF9DED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65579C96A01C9A5FA13C13A3ACDF9DED" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="65579C96-A01C-9A5F-A13C-13A3ACDF9DED" authority="(Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ovabunda impulsatilla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">Ovabunda impulsatilla (Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda impulsatilla (Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971) holotype (HUJ I Co. 84). a Regular sclerites b Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22449" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia miniata Reinicke, 1997 holotype (RMNH Coel. 23514). a Regular sclerites b Pear-shaped sclerite c Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22450" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">,15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda aldersladei Janes, 2008 holotype (RMNH Coel. 38681). Arrow indicates surface crest. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22451" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">,16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" authorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">Xenia impulsatilla</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971: 59-60, table 1; 
<bibRefCitation author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B43" refString="Verseveldt, J, 1974. Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from Red Sea, with a discussion of a new Sinularia species from Ceylon. Israel Journal of Zoology 23 (1): 1 - 37" title="Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from Red Sea, with a discussion of a new Sinularia species from Ceylon." volume="23" year="1974">Verseveldt 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 2 listed only; 
<bibRefCitation author="Benayahu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="113 - 120" refId="B6" refString="Benayahu, Y, 1990. Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen 64: 113 - 120" title="Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species." volume="64" year="1990">Benayahu 1990</bibRefCitation>
, listed only; 
<bibRefCitation author="Reinicke, GB" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 62" refId="B31" refString="Reinicke, GB, 1997. Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 16: 5 - 62" title="Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia." volume="16" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 32, plate 19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">Xenia miniata</taxonomicName>
Reinicke, 1997: 39-40 figs 17a-b, plate 24, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">Ovabunda aldersladei</taxonomicName>
Janes, 2008: 613-614, figs 9-10, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">Ovabunda impulsatilla</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Janes, MP" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="599 - 626" refId="B18" refString="Janes, MP, 2008. A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot;Tyro&quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species. Zoologische Mededelingen 82 (49): 599 - 626" title="A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot; Tyro &quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species." volume="82" year="2008">Janes 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 611-613, fig. 8; 
<bibRefCitation author="Aharonovich, D" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="173 - 177" publicationUrl="10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" refId="B1" refString="Aharonovich, D, Benayahu, Y, 2011. Microstructure of octocoral sclerites for diagnosis of taxonomic features. Marine Biodiversity 42 (2): 173 - 177, 10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" title="Microstructure of octocoral sclerites for diagnosis of taxonomic features." url="10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" volume="42" year="2011">Aharonovich and Benayahu 2011</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Holotype:</emphasis>
HUJ I Co. 84 northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, near Solar Pond (Sinai), (
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.43" value="29.429008">29°25'44.43&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.31" value="34.83064">34°49'50.31&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), 2 m, 15 August 1969, Coll. Y. Cohen. Eight colonies on a sponge, one of them is the holotype. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Additional material: the holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
RMNH Coel. 23514, Sudanese Red Sea, Sanganeb Atoll, 20 km off Port Sudan, W-slope, TQ IV, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.81" value="19.359392">19°21'33.81&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.66" value="37.327126">37°19'37.66&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), 12 m, March 1991; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
paratypes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
RMNH Coel 25412, RMNH Coel 25413, details as above, RMNH Coel. 25411, same location, SW-corner slope, TQ I, 12 m, March 1991, coll. G. B. Reinicke; RMNH Coel. 6848, northern Red Sea, gulf of Suez, El Tur (
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.99" value="28.236387">28°14'10.99&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="51.06" value="33.61418">33°36'51.06&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), 6 July 1969, coll. L. Fishelson; RMNH Coel. 6847, same details; RMNH Coel. 8938, same details, Abu Durbah (
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="27.56" value="28.474323">28°28'27.56&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.13" value="33.325035">33°19'30.13&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
the holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
RMNH Coel. 38681, Indian Ocean, Seychelles, northern coast of Bird Island (
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7">03°42'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.2">55°12'E</geoCoordinate>
), &lt;30 m, 21 December 1992, Tyro expedition; type of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ternatana">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SMF 43, Indonesia, Ternate island, 1894, coll. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
type of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="garciae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenia garciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
BML 1921.11.18.1, Indian Ocean, Chagos Archipelago, coll. Diego Garcia; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RMNH Coel. 8938</emphasis>
Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Abu Zanima; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RMNH Coel. 6847</emphasis>
, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, El Tur, 6 July 1969, coll. L. Fishelson; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RMNH Coel. 6848</emphasis>
, same location, misidentified as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The now dry holotype is 18 mm high. The stalk is divided into two branches, 10 and 8 mm long, 6 and 4 mm wide at the base, and 8 and 4 mm wide at the uppermost part, respectively. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polyp’s">Polyp's</normalizedToken>
body is up to 2-2.5 mm long, and tentacles up to 1.5-2 mm, featuring two rows of pinnules on each side, with 8-11 pinnules in the outermost row. The sclerites are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Ovabunda</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda impulsatilla (Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971) holotype (HUJ I Co. 84). a Regular sclerites b Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22449" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14a</figureCitation>
) and are almost evenly distributed in all parts of the colony, measuring 0.013-0.028 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.019-0.039 mm in diameter (n = 36 sclerites). Occasionally, two sclerites are fused, measuring up to 0.045 mm in maximal diameter (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda impulsatilla (Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971) holotype (HUJ I Co. 84). a Regular sclerites b Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22449" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14b</figureCitation>
). The original description stated that polyp pulsation in this species occurs in live colonies. The ethanol-preserved colony is light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22449" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971) holotype (HUJ I Co. 84). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">a</emphasis>
Regular sclerites 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
At the time of examination the type was dry and, therefore, the dimensions of the pinnules are lacking and the current measurements do not reflect the original ones given by 
<bibRefCitation author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="53 - 67" refId="B44" refString="Verseveldt, J, Cohen, J, 1971. Some new species of Octocorallia from the Gulf of Elat (Red Sea). Israel Journal of Zoology 20: 53 - 67" title="Some new species of Octocorallia from the Gulf of Elat (Red Sea)." volume="20" year="1971">Verseveldt and Cohen (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, who stated that &quot;The colonies are 8-15 mm high and 10-15 mm wide. Three to four branches arise from a short stem 1-2 mm high. These branches, 2-3 mm high and 3-4 mm wide... The anthocodiae are 2 mm high and 1.2 mm wide, and tentacles are up to 2 mm long&quot;. We encountered three colonies, one with a branched stalk and two with undivided stalks. It is possible that they originally belonged to a colony that disintegrated. The current findings in general agree with the original description, although the maximal diameter of sclerites noted in the original description is larger than our findings (0.030 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">vs.</emphasis>
0.044 mm, respectively). A colony from the Seychelles was also assigned to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Janes, MP" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="599 - 626" refId="B18" refString="Janes, MP, 2008. A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot;Tyro&quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species. Zoologische Mededelingen 82 (49): 599 - 626" title="A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot; Tyro &quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species." volume="82" year="2008">Janes (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. The SEM micrographs of the holotype sclerites given by 
<bibRefCitation author="Aharonovich, D" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="173 - 177" publicationUrl="10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" refId="B1" refString="Aharonovich, D, Benayahu, Y, 2011. Microstructure of octocoral sclerites for diagnosis of taxonomic features. Marine Biodiversity 42 (2): 173 - 177, 10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" title="Microstructure of octocoral sclerites for diagnosis of taxonomic features." url="10.1007/s12526-011-0102-3" volume="42" year="2011">Aharonovich and Benayahu (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, along with the current ones (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda impulsatilla (Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971) holotype (HUJ I Co. 84). a Regular sclerites b Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22449" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), confirm that the species should be assigned to the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RMNH Coel. 23514) features two rows of pinnules on each side of the tentacles, with 8-13 pinnules in the outermost row. The sclerites are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, some regular (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia miniata Reinicke, 1997 holotype (RMNH Coel. 23514). a Regular sclerites b Pear-shaped sclerite c Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22450" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15a</figureCitation>
), some pear-shaped (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia miniata Reinicke, 1997 holotype (RMNH Coel. 23514). a Regular sclerites b Pear-shaped sclerite c Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22450" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15b</figureCitation>
) measuring 0.017-0.034 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.022-0.053 mm in diameter (n = 30 sclerites). Occasionally, two sclerites are fused, reaching 0.059 mm in maximal diameter (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia miniata Reinicke, 1997 holotype (RMNH Coel. 23514). a Regular sclerites b Pear-shaped sclerite c Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22450" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15c</figureCitation>
). The paratypes of that species (RMNH 25411, 25412, 25413) feature tentacles with two rows, 11-13 pinnules in the outermost row and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type of sclerites, measuring 0.018-0.030 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.024-0.034 mm in diameter (n = 24 sclerites). Although the original description of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicated three rows of pinnules in the holotype and paratypes, we found only two rows. The original description of the species indicated non-pulsating polyps in live colonies. Colour of the ethanol preserved colony is beige. Consequently, we conclude that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be synonymised with 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22450" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reinicke, 1997 holotype (RMNH Coel. 23514). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">a</emphasis>
Regular sclerites 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">b</emphasis>
Pear-shaped sclerite 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">c</emphasis>
Fused sclerites. Scale bar 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
We also examined additional colonies that were identified by 
<bibRefCitation author="Reinicke, GB" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 62" refId="B31" refString="Reinicke, GB, 1997. Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 16: 5 - 62" title="Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia." volume="16" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Xenia</pageBreakToken>
miniata
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimen RMNH Coel. 6848 has two rows of pinnules, with 12-14 pinnules in the outermost row; its sclerites are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, reaching up to 0.051 mm in maximal diameter. Based on sclerite size, number of pinnule rows and number of pinnules in the outermost row, this specimen should be reassigned to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ovabunda biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimen RMNH Coel. 6847 has two rows of pinnules, with 10-11 pinnules in the outermost row; and its sclerites are also of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, reaching up to 0.045 mm in maximal diameter. RMNH Coel. 8938 has two rows of pinnules, but with only 8-9 in the outermost row; its sclerites are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, reaching up to 0.047 mm in maximal diameter. Based on the number of rows of pinnules on the tentacles, the number of pinnules in the outermost row, and the size and microstructure of sclerites, the latter two colonies also belong to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Our</pageBreakToken>
measurements of the dimensions of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RMNH Coel. 38681) agree with those of the original description. It features 3 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="polyp’s">polyp's</normalizedToken>
body, 2 mm long tentacles, with two rows of pinnules on each side, and 8-12 pinnules in the outermost row. The densely set pinnules are up to 0.6 mm long and 0.2-0.3 mm wide and with almost no gap between adjacent pinnules. The sclerites are 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type spheroids (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda aldersladei Janes, 2008 holotype (RMNH Coel. 38681). Arrow indicates surface crest. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22451" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), measuring 0.012-0.030 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.018-0.042 mm in diameter (n = 46 sclerites). 
<bibRefCitation author="Janes, MP" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="599 - 626" refId="B18" refString="Janes, MP, 2008. A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot;Tyro&quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species. Zoologische Mededelingen 82 (49): 599 - 626" title="A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot; Tyro &quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species." volume="82" year="2008">Janes (2008)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention polyp pulsation for that species. The ethanol-preserved colony is light beige. The features of the holotype match the original description of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for sclerite size, which was found to be larger in our examination (up to 0.042 mm 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
up to 0.026 mm). The sclerites are indeed 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Ovabunda aldersladei Janes, 2008 holotype (RMNH Coel. 38681). Arrow indicates surface crest. Scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22451" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), similar to those depicted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Janes, MP" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="599 - 626" refId="B18" refString="Janes, MP, 2008. A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot;Tyro&quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species. Zoologische Mededelingen 82 (49): 599 - 626" title="A study of the Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) collected on the &quot; Tyro &quot; expedition to the Seychelles with a description of a new genus and species." volume="82" year="2008">Janes (2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10). Based on similarity between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in number of rows (two in both), number of pinnules in the outermost row (8-12 and 8-11, respectively), and the size and microstructure of the sclerites it is concluded that the junior species 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be synonymized with 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, giving priority to the latter.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/22451" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janes" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Janes, 2008 holotype (RMNH Coel. 38681). Arrow indicates surface crest. Scale bar 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation author="Reinicke, GB" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 62" refId="B31" refString="Reinicke, GB, 1997. Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 16: 5 - 62" title="Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia." volume="16" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
noted under the description of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinicke" authorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n.sp. (p. 39): &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ternatana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schenk, 1896; 
<bibRefCitation author="Cohn, M" journalOrPublisher="E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="206 - 244" refId="B11" refString="Cohn, M, 1908. Alcyonacea von Madagaskar und Ostafrika. E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung: 206 - 244" title="Alcyonacea von Madagaskar und Ostafrika." year="1908">Cohn 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 238 (ZMB 4991)&quot; as well as: &quot;nec 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ternatana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Expeditionen S. M. Schiff &quot; pola &quot; in das Rote Meer." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 33" refId="B23" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1913. Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres. Expeditionen S. M. Schiff &quot;pola&quot; in das Rote Meer. 29: 1 - 33" title="Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres." volume="29" year="1913">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1913
</bibRefCitation>
: 8 (partim, NHMW C.16618)&quot;. These two colonies were not examined in the current study. However, the type of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ternatana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was examined (see 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. List of Xenia type material examined during the current study along with corresponding museum numbers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4B18D27014ED6E5D7F659394CB0728A1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="4B18D27014ED6E5D7F659394CB0728A1">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and found to have 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type sclerites. Moreover, 
<bibRefCitation author="Reinicke, GB" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 62" refId="B31" refString="Reinicke, GB, 1997. Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 16: 5 - 62" title="Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea with descriptions of six new species of Xenia." volume="16" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
noted: &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="garciae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia garciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="209 - 229" refId="B41" refString="Verseveldt, J, 1970. Reports of some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from the northern Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology 19 (4): 209 - 229" title="Reports of some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from the northern Red Sea." volume="19" year="1970">Verseveldt 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 210 (RMNH Coel. 6846-6848); 
<bibRefCitation author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B43" refString="Verseveldt, J, 1974. Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from Red Sea, with a discussion of a new Sinularia species from Ceylon. Israel Journal of Zoology 23 (1): 1 - 37" title="Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from Red Sea, with a discussion of a new Sinularia species from Ceylon." volume="23" year="1974">Verseveldt 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 2 (RMNH Coel. 8934, 8935, 8938); 
<bibRefCitation author="Reinicke, GB" journalOrPublisher="Essener Oekologische Schriften" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 168" refId="B30" refString="Reinicke, GB, 1995. Xeniidae des Roten Meeres (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Beitraege zur Systematik und Oekologie. Essener Oekologische Schriften 6: 1 - 168" title="Xeniidae des Roten Meeres (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Beitraege zur Systematik und Oekologie." volume="6" year="1995">Reinicke 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 37, Fig. 30&quot;. Several of the above mentioned colonies were found to be 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above), whereas the type of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="garciae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia garciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Xenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type sclerites and thus is not a synonym of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although they both have two rows of pinnules and non-pulsating polyps in living colonies, the numbers of pinnules in the outermost row ranges from 8-11 in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="impulsatilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda impulsatilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 13-16 in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt &amp; Cohen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ovabunda biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</emphasis>
Red Sea: Egypt, Sudan; Seychelles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>