226 lines
21 KiB
XML
226 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e6888" ID-PMC="PMC4822079" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--6888" ID-PubMed="27099548" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e6888" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="A new species of inseminating seasonal killifish of the Cynopoecilusmelanotaenia complex from southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)" checkinTime="1585357481933" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Costa, Wison JEM, Amorim, Pedro F & Mattos, Jose Leonardo Oliveira" docDate="2016" docId="E928ABA7B35C39948E973DD436A79299" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e6888" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e6888" docTitle="Cynopoecilus feltrini Costa, Amorim & Mattos 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="6888" masterDocId="F63E8113D577FFFAFF81FF82FFAB5B5E" masterDocTitle="A new species of inseminating seasonal killifish of the Cynopoecilusmelanotaenia complex from southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="6888" masterPageNumber="6888" pageNumber="6888" updateTime="1668123447309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of inseminating seasonal killifish of the Cynopoecilusmelanotaenia complex from southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Costa, Wison JEM</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amorim, Pedro F</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mattos, Jose Leonardo Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>6888</mods:start>
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<mods:end>6888</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e6888</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e6888</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--6888</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E928ABA7B35C39948E973DD436A79299" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E928ABA7B35C39948E973DD436A79299" lastPageNumber="6888" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58847372-FF02-4483-8A4F-452F46920299" authority="Costa, Amorim & Mattos 2016" authorityYear="2016" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus feltrini" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feltrini">Cynopoecilus feltrini Costa, Amorim & Mattos 2016</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="UFRJ, 10662" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.507223" location="temporary pool near the confluence of Tubarao river and the Santo Antonio lagoon" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.800278" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Santa Catarina; county: Laguna; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E928ABA7B35C39948E973DD436A79299:EFEA8E631119AEC7C386B95D3C629012" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.507223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.800278" name="temporary pool near the confluence of Tubarao river and the Santo Antonio lagoon" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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temporary pool near the confluence of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tubarão">Tubarao</normalizedToken>
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river and the Santo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
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lagoon
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</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">5 m</elevation>
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; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.507223">28°30'26"S</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-48.800278">48°48'01"W</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes seconds; verbatimSRS:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Córrego">Corrego</normalizedToken>
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Alegre; Event: year: 2015; month: 6; day: 10; habitat: Temporary pool; fieldNotes: collectors = C. Feltrin et al.; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">10662</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen; dynamicProperties: sex=male, SL= 45.6 mm
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="11" specimenCount-male="11" typeStatus="Paratype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. Record Level: institutionID: UFRJ; collectionID: 10597; basisOfRecord: Preserved Specimen; dynamicProperties:
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<specimenCount type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
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, 18.2-48.0 mm SL,
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<specimenCount type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
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, 23.8-35.1 mm SL. Collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="UFRJ, 10598" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="Paratype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">10598</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: Preserved Specimen; dynamicProperties:
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<specimenCount type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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, 32.3-35.9 mm SL,
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<specimenCount type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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, 22.5-34.1 mm SL. Collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="UFRJ, 10482" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="Paratype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">10482</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: Preserved Specimen; dynamicProperties:
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<specimenCount type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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, 20.3-32.2 mm SL,
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<specimenCount type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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, 24.7-25.2 mm SL. Collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="UFRJ, 10620" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="Paratype">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. Event: year: 2015; month: 6; day: 4; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">10620</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: Cleared and Stained; dynamicProperties:
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<specimenCount type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
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, 27.9-46.9 mm SL,
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<specimenCount type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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, 25.6-32.7 mm SL. Same locality of holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Largest male examined 48.0 mm SL; largest female examined 35.3 mm SL. Dorsal and ventral profiles slightly convex between snout and posterior end of dorsal and anal fins, nearly straight on caudal peduncle Fig. 1. Body slender, greatest body depth in vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Urogenital papilla wide, with transverse opening projected over anal-fin origin. Longitudinal series of scales 27-28; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Contact organs on scales of caudal peduncle in males. Total vertebrae 29-30.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Eye positioned on dorsal portion of head side. Snout short, blunt. Premaxilla and dentary teeth conical, small, numerous, irregularly arranged, except for external series with longer fang-like teeth, slightly more robust in males. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Frontal squamation usually E-patterned, sometimes D-patterned; E-scales often overlapping medially Fig. 2. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 10 + 1, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 2-3 + 19-24, preorbital 4-6, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, pre-opercular 17-18, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2-3, mandibular 8-10, lateral mandibular 7, paramandibular 1. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 2 + 9. Six branchiostegal rays.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Dorsal and anal fins pointed in males, rounded in females; caudal fin rounded in both sexes; often short filamentous ray on tip of dorsal and anal fins, and minute posterior filamentous extension on middle of caudal fin in males. No scales on dorsal and anal fins, scales extending on about 30 % of caudal fin. Four to six neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical between anus and urogenital opening in males, shorter, not reaching pelvic-fin base in females. No scales on pectoral-fin base. Pelvic-fin small, tip reaching between anus and urogenital opening in males, not reaching anus in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin in vertical just anterior to anal-fin origin. Dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 12 and 13; anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 10 and 12 in males, between pleural ribs of vertebrae 12 and 13 in females. Hypurals forming single plate. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Dorsal-fin rays 18-19; anal-fin rays 25-27; caudal-fin rays 29-32; pectoral-fin rays 13-15; pelvic-fin rays 5-7. No contact organ on fins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Colouration. Males: Side of body pale brown to light yellowish brown, lighter on ventral portion; broad dark reddish brown to black stripe between posterior orbital margin and caudal-fin base, other similar narrower stripe between pectoral-fin base and posterior portion of anal-fin base; longitudinal rows of greenish blue to greenish golden spots, consisting of one spot per scale, on head side and flank, sometimes interrupted or rudimentary. Dorsum pale brown, with few dark brown spots above opercular region. Ventral portion of head and venter white. Lower jaw dark reddish brown. Few dark reddish brown on suborbital region. Branchiostegal membrane orangish red. Iris yellow, with dark reddish brown bar on middle, anterior and posterior portion with greenish golden iridescence. Unpaired fins pale grey; small dark grey spots on basal region of dorsal fin; light blue iridescence on margins of caudal and anal fins. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin pale grey.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Females: Colour pattern similar to that described for males, but iridescent colour paler, median stripe often forming row of dark brown or black blotches, and faint grey dots present on basal portion of anal fin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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Distinguished from all other species of the
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus melanotaenia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">Cynopoecilus melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex by having frontal E-scales medially overlapped (vs. separated by interspace), branchiostegal region orangish red in males (vs. hyaline to pinkish hyaline), dorsum with few dark brown spots above opercular region (vs. dark brown spots over most region between snout and dorsal-fin origin).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Named after Caio Feltrin, in recognition of his dedication in inventorying the fish fauna of southern Brazil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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Known only from the type locality area, in temporary pools in the floodplains of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tubarão">Tubarao</normalizedToken>
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river, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, corresponding to the northern-most record for the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynopoecilus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" type="taxon discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus feltrini" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feltrini">Cynopoecilus feltrini</taxonomicName>
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is easily identifiable by some morphological characters. Among them, the frontal squamation pattern consisting of E-scales medially overlapped is unique among cynopoeciline killifishes, which have been diagnosed by the E-scales medially separated by an interspace (
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<bibRefCitation author="Costa, W." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Comparative Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" pagination=": 33" title="Phylogeny and classification of Rivulidae revisited: origin and evolution of annualism and miniaturization in rivulid fishes" volume="3" year="1998">Costa 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Another striking feature of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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is the orangish red branchiostegal region in males, a condition not found in other congeners of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex, but similar to the red branchiostegal region of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. notabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="notabilis">C. notabilis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferrer, Juliano" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" pagination="846 - 866" title="Description of a new species and phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Cynopoecilina, including continuous characters without discretization (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)" volume="172" year="2014">Ferrer et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Finally, all species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex may be easily recognised among other cynopoecilines by the presence of numerous dark brown spots along the dorsum, but in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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these spots are restricted to region above the opercular region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="6888">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus feltrini" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feltrini">Cynopoecilus feltrini</taxonomicName>
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is presently known only from the lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tubarão">Tubarao</normalizedToken>
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river basin, which is the northern-most record of the genus. The phylogenetic tree supports
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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as a member of the clade that includes all species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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, which is the taxon endemic of an area corresponding to the southern-most region of the genus distribution (Figs 3, 4). The analysis also supports sister-group relationships between
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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and a clade comprising
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fulgens" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="fulgens">C. fulgens</taxonomicName>
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, from the coastal plains between the Patos lagoon and the sea, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigrovittatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="nigrovittatus">C. nigrovittatus</taxonomicName>
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, from the lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacuí">Jacui</normalizedToken>
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river drainage (Figs 3, 4). In addition, all the lineages corresponding to the four species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex sampled in this study had high bootstrap values in the analysis, this corroborating morphological data (
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<bibRefCitation author="Costa, W." journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" pagination="11 - 24" title="The annual fish genus Cynopoecilus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): taxonomic revision, with descriptions of four new species" volume="13" year="2002">Costa 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, the present study).
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynopoecilus intimus" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intimus">Cynopoecilus intimus</taxonomicName>
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, endemic of the upper
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacuí">Jacui</normalizedToken>
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river basin, still has its phylogenetic position undetermined, since it was the only species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. melanotaenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">C. melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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complex not sampled for molecular data and morphological data alone do not provide unambiguous evidence about its position. In addition to diagnostic characters distinguishing
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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from all other congeners discussed above,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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is easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. intimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="intimus">C. intimus</taxonomicName>
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by the latter having large dark brown blotches on the flank immediately below the dorsal-fin base (vs. blotches absent in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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) and having minute pelvic fin in males, pelvic-fin length 4.7-5.6 % SL, its tip reaching anus or shorter (vs. 5.9-7.3 % SL in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. feltrini" pageId="0" pageNumber="6888" rank="species" species="feltrini">C. feltrini</taxonomicName>
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, pelvic-fin tip reaching space between anus and urogenital opening).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |