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<mods:title id="89CFF3CF59297B9DEAE55879B50340FD">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC998C3CA3FB20" bold="true" box="[151,420,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ranitomeya summersi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8FC99EB3FECFB40" blockId="53.[151,1081,1185,1317]" box="[151,747,1221,1245]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Account authors: J.L. Brown, E. Twomey, M. Pepper</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156EC8FC99C63DE3FA9C" box="[151,228,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="23.[151,244,1397,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-307@23.[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 3. A consensus Bayesian phylogeny based on 1011 base pairs of aligned mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S (12s rRNA), 16S (16s rRNA) and cytb (cytochrome-b gene) regions. Thickened branches represent nodes with posterior probabilities 90 and greater, other values are shown on nodes. Taxon labels depict current specific epithet, number in tree, the epithet being used prior to this revision (contained in parentheses), and the collection locality. A. Top segment. B. Middle segment. C. Bottom segment of phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244220/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156EC89A99C63C06FA9C" box="[241,257,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="24.[151,244,1452,1473]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,206,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-261@24.[151,1436,195,1431]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 4. Putative species tree for Andinobates, Excidobates, and Ranitomeya. Placement of species where molecular data were lacking (A. altobueyensis, A. viridis, A. abditus, A. daleswansoni and R. opisthomelas) was based on morphology. Andinobates altobueyensis and A. viridis were placed as sister taxa due to the absence of dark pigmentation on dorsal body and limbs and overall similar dorsal coloration and patterning. These species were placed as sister to A. fulguritus (sequenced) on the basis of similar dorsal coloration (bright green to greenish-yellow). Andinobates opisthomelas was placed in the bombetes group in a polytomy with A. bombetes and A. virolinensis (both sequenced) due to their similar advertisement calls and morphology, particularly their red dorsal pattern and marbled venter. Andinobates daleswansoni was placed as sister to A. dorisswansonae due to the absence of a well-defined first toe in both species. Andinobates abditus was placed in the bombetes group based on a larval synapomorphy which appears to be diagnostic of that group (wide medial gap in the papillae on the posterior labium). However, A. abditus was placed as the sister species to all other members of the bombetes group due to the absence of bright dorsal coloration and isolated geographic distribution. Andinobates abditus is currently the only species of its genus known to occur in the east-Andean versant, thus its placement remains speculative until molecular data become available. Photo credits: Thomas Ostrowski, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Victor Luna-Mora, Giovanni Chaves-Portilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244223/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156EC96699C63C1AFA9C" box="[269,285,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="39.[151,244,1424,1445]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,606,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-326@39.[151,1436,553,1404]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known elevation distributions of Ranitomeya. Dotted line is mean for all samples. Dark boxes display the total elevation range of each species, within each contains a corresponding box plot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244239/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156EC94299C63C42FA9C" box="[297,325,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1853,1876]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,154,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-161@48.[151,1436,139,1846]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ranitomeya Plate 3. reticulata group: A–D: Ranitomeya benedicta (all from Peru); A–B: Shucushuyacu, Loreto (1Φ); C-D: Pampa Hermosa, Loreto. E–L: Ranitomeya fantastica (all from Peru); E: Yurimaguas, Loreto; F: near Yumbatos, San Martin; G: Pongo de Cainarachi, San Martin (Ω); H: Cainarachi Valley, San Martin (Ω); I: San Antonio, San Martin (KS); J: Tarapoto, San Martin (Ω); K: Santa María de Nieva, Loreto (K.-H. Jungfer, 1Φ); L: Lower Huallaga Canyon, San Martin (Ω). M &amp; N: Ranitomeya summersi (all from San Martin, Peru); M: Chazuta (3Φ); N: Sauce (Ω). O–R: Ranitomeya reticulata (all from Loreto, Peru); O-P: Iquitos (Ω); Q: Puerto Almendras (PPP); R: Upper Rio Itaya (PPP). (nΦ= number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244259/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">15</figureCitation>
(m, n), 18, 19
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<tableCitation id="D81803259575156EC8FC98233DF3FAB9" box="[151,244,1293,1317]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1A (continued on next page). Currently accepted taxa (based on Frost et al. 2011). History of alpha-taxonomic and species group (in parentheses) classification of taxa in the genera Ranitomeya and Andinobates. Dendrobates (minutus)* = by implication, &quot;+&quot; species which were not described at the time of classification, &quot;*&quot; species which were not acknowledged by the authors." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
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6
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<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156EC8FC98773CBCFAF3" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,443,1369,1391]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quinquevittatus">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC98773CBCFAF3" box="[151,443,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrobates quinquevittatus</emphasis>
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(non Steindachner, 1864)—Silverstone 1975 (partim): p. 33,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC4198773975FAF3" box="[1066,1138,1369,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="46.[151,244,1819,1840]" captionTargetBox="[156,1424,1117,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-447@46.[151,1436,1116,1801]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 14. Advertisement calls of Ranitomeya species in the variabilis group and defleri group. A. Ranitomeya amazonica from 23 km S Iquitos, Loreto, Peru (type locality), recorded at 26° C; B. Ranitomeya amazonica from French Guiana, unknown temperature (call courtesy Erik Poelman); C. Ranitomeya variabilis from Cainarachi valley, San Martín, Peru, recorded at 22° C. D. Ranitomeya variabilis from Cerro Yupatí, Amazonas, Colombia, recorded at 27° C; E. Ranitomeya variabilis from Saposoa, San Martín, Peru, recorded at 24.5 C; F. Ranitomeya defleri from Rio Apaporis, Vaupés, Colombia, recorded at 26° C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244255/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
(drawing), patterns G, H
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<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156EC8FC98563C8AFA12" ID-CoL="34M8B" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,397,1400,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fantasticus">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC98563C8AFA12" box="[151,397,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Dendrobates fantasticus</emphasis>
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(non
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156EC9A298563F75FA12" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[457,626,1400,1422]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="635 - 638" refId="ref74391" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1884 &quot; 1883 &quot;) On a collection of frogs from Yurimaguas, Huallaga River, Northern Peru. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1883, 635 - 638, 1 colour pl, 1 B &amp; W pl." type="book chapter" year="1884">Boulenger, 1884</bibRefCitation>
“1883”)—
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECA8B98563E6EFA12" author="Schulte, R." box="[736,873,1400,1422]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref78797" refString="Schulte, R. (1999) Pfeilgiftfrosche &quot; Artenteil - Peru &quot;. INBICO, Wailblingen, Germany, 294 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schulte 1999</bibRefCitation>
(partim): p. 57,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC7B9856394BFA12" box="[1040,1100,1400,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="30.[151,244,1869,1890]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,182,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-142@30.[151,1436,163,1875]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 5. Andinobates Plate 1. minutus group: A–G: Andinobates claudiae and habitat (all from Bocas del Toro, Panama. Photos T. Ostrowski); A &amp; B: Buena Esperanza; C–F: Isla Colon; G: Cerro Brujo; H: tadpole in phytotelm; I: habitat in Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–M: Andinobates minutus (all from Colombia. Photos DMV unless noted): J &amp; K: Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca; L: Quibdó, Chocó; M: Baudó, Chocó (photo J. Mejía-Vargas). fulguritus group: N–V: Andinobates fulguritus (all from Colombia, photos DMV unless noted): N: Baudó, Chocó (photo J. Mejía-Vargas); O: Playa de Oro, Chocó (type locality); P–R: Uraba, Chocó. S–V: Anchicayá, Valle del Cauca. (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244225/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
pattern G, H,
<collectingRegion id="575EF87C9575156ECCB798563844FA12" box="[1244,1347,1400,1422]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
Oriental “West flank” and
<collectingRegion id="575EF87C9575156EC91098B83CE5FA30" box="[379,482,1430,1452]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
Azul “North spur”;
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECAD998B83E76FA30" author="Symula, R. &amp; Schulte, R. &amp; Summers, K." box="[690,881,1430,1453]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="2415 - 2421" refId="ref79375" refString="Symula, R., Schulte, R. &amp; Summers, K. (2001) Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a mimetic radiation in Peruvian poison frogs supports a Mullerian mimicry hypothesis. Proccedings of the Royal Sociey of Lond Series B-Biological Science, 268, 2415 - 2421." type="journal article" year="2001">
Symula
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECB6E98B93E3EFA31" box="[773,825,1431,1453]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
(partim): p. 2415,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC5A98B8396BFA30" box="[1073,1132,1430,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,678,701]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Accumulation of described species in genera Ranitomeya and Andinobates." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
photo E,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECCA498B8380DFA30" box="[1231,1290,1430,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="23.[151,244,1397,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-307@23.[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 3. A consensus Bayesian phylogeny based on 1011 base pairs of aligned mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S (12s rRNA), 16S (16s rRNA) and cytb (cytochrome-b gene) regions. Thickened branches represent nodes with posterior probabilities 90 and greater, other values are shown on nodes. Taxon labels depict current specific epithet, number in tree, the epithet being used prior to this revision (contained in parentheses), and the collection locality. A. Top segment. B. Middle segment. C. Bottom segment of phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244220/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
(phylogenetic tree/drawing); 2003 (partim): p. 458,
<tableCitation id="D81803259575156ECA26989B3F9DFA57" box="[589,666,1461,1483]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1A (continued on next page). Currently accepted taxa (based on Frost et al. 2011). History of alpha-taxonomic and species group (in parentheses) classification of taxa in the genera Ranitomeya and Andinobates. Dendrobates (minutus)* = by implication, &quot;+&quot; species which were not described at the time of classification, &quot;*&quot; species which were not acknowledged by the authors." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Table 1</tableCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156ECAC798983E8EFA57" ID-CoL="34M8B" authority=", Sauce" authorityName="Sauce" box="[684,905,1461,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fantasticus">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECAC798983E3DFA57" box="[684,826,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. fantasticus</emphasis>
, Sauce
</taxonomicName>
),
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECBF6989B3EDCFA57" box="[925,987,1461,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="23.[151,244,1397,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-307@23.[151,1436,167,1383]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 3. A consensus Bayesian phylogeny based on 1011 base pairs of aligned mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S (12s rRNA), 16S (16s rRNA) and cytb (cytochrome-b gene) regions. Thickened branches represent nodes with posterior probabilities 90 and greater, other values are shown on nodes. Taxon labels depict current specific epithet, number in tree, the epithet being used prior to this revision (contained in parentheses), and the collection locality. A. Top segment. B. Middle segment. C. Bottom segment of phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244220/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
(phylogenetic tree/drawing;
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156ECD6C98983C0FFA76" ID-CoL="34M8B" authority=", Sauce" authorityName="Sauce" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fantasticus">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECD6C98983892FA57" box="[1287,1429,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. fantasticus</emphasis>
, Sauce
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156EC97298FA3CCCFA76" author="Christmann, S. P." box="[281,459,1492,1514]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref75193" refString="Christmann, S. P. (2004) Dendrobatidae - Poison Frogs - A Fantastic Journey through Ecuador, Peru and Colombia (Volumes I, II &amp; III)." type="book" year="2004">Christmann 2004</bibRefCitation>
: p. 32, Figs. on p. 32
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8FC98DD3C1CF9BB" blockId="53.[151,1436,1369,1698]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156EC8FC98DD3C7DF994" ID-CoL="79536" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,378,1522,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fantastica">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC98DD3C7DF994" box="[151,378,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ranitomeya fantastica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156EC9DD98DC3F58F994" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[438,607,1522,1544]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="635 - 638" refId="ref74391" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1884 &quot; 1883 &quot;) On a collection of frogs from Yurimaguas, Huallaga River, Northern Peru. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1883, 635 - 638, 1 colour pl, 1 B &amp; W pl." type="book chapter" year="1884">Boulenger, 1884</bibRefCitation>
“1883”)—
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECAA698DC3E7AF994" author="Grant, T. &amp; Frost, D. R. &amp; Caldwell, J. P. &amp; Gagliardo, R. &amp; Haddad, C. F. B. &amp; Kok, P. J. R. &amp; Means, D. B. &amp; Noonan, B. P. &amp; Schargel, W. E. &amp; Wheeler, W." box="[717,893,1522,1544]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref76275" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, D. B., Noonan, B. P., Schargel, W. E. &amp; Wheeler, W. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia, Athesphatanura, Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262.," type="journal article" year="2006">
Grant
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECB7A98DD3E42F994" box="[785,837,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
(partim): p. 171;
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECC5898DD39E8F994" author="Lotters, S. &amp; Jungfer, K. - H. &amp; Schmidt, W. &amp; Henkel, F. W." box="[1075,1263,1522,1544]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref77014" refString="Lotters, S., Jungfer, K. - H., Schmidt, W. &amp; Henkel, F. W. (2007) Poison Frogs: Biology, Species and Captive Husbandry Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 668 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Lötters
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECCEA98DD39B2F994" box="[1153,1205,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
(partim): p. 473, Fig. 592
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8FC9B1F3C39F91F" blockId="53.[151,1436,1369,1698]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156EC8FC9B1F3ED0F9DA" ID-CoL="4RFB9" authority="Brown, Twomey, Pepper &amp; Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008: p. 9" authorityName="Brown, Twomey, Pepper &amp; Sanchez-Rodriguez" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,983,1584,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summersi">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC9B1F3C70F9DA" box="[151,375,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ranitomeya summersi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="25F23CC39575156EC9159B1E3ED0F9DA" box="[382,983,1584,1606]" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Jason L. Brown" country="Peru" location="San Martin" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="MUSM 26994" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin" typeStatus="holotype">Brown, Twomey, Pepper &amp; Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008: p. 9</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECB889B1E392EF9DA" box="[995,1065,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,678,701]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Accumulation of described species in genera Ranitomeya and Andinobates." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC5D9B1E3943F9DA" box="[1078,1092,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="30.[151,244,1869,1890]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,182,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-142@30.[151,1436,163,1875]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 5. Andinobates Plate 1. minutus group: A–G: Andinobates claudiae and habitat (all from Bocas del Toro, Panama. Photos T. Ostrowski); A &amp; B: Buena Esperanza; C–F: Isla Colon; G: Cerro Brujo; H: tadpole in phytotelm; I: habitat in Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–M: Andinobates minutus (all from Colombia. Photos DMV unless noted): J &amp; K: Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca; L: Quibdó, Chocó; M: Baudó, Chocó (photo J. Mejía-Vargas). fulguritus group: N–V: Andinobates fulguritus (all from Colombia, photos DMV unless noted): N: Baudó, Chocó (photo J. Mejía-Vargas); O: Playa de Oro, Chocó (type locality); P–R: Uraba, Chocó. S–V: Anchicayá, Valle del Cauca. (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244225/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC249B1E3959F9DA" box="[1103,1118,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="31.[151,244,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,155,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-120@31.[151,1436,149,1835]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 6. Andinobates Plate 2. fulguritus group: A–D: Andinobates fulguritus (all from Risaralda, Colombia. photos DMV). bombetes group: E: Andinobates abditus type locality (photo W.E. Duellman). F–I: Andinobates daleswansoni and habitat (photos J. Mejía-Vargas); F &amp; G: from type locality; H: type locality habitat; I: overview of habitat – human encroachment continues to threaten the habitat of this species. J–M: Andinobates dorisswansonae from Tolima, Colombia (photos DMV and T. Ostrowski). N–P: Andinobates tolimense from Tolima, Colombia (photos V. Mora-Luna). Q–R: Andinobates sp. aff. tolimense from Supatá, Colombia (photos G. Chaves-Portilla and T. Ostrowski)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244229/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECC029B1E3982F9DA" box="[1129,1157,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="40.[151,242,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,158,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-158@40.[151,1436,145,1859]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ranitomeya Plate 1. defleri group: A–B: Ranitomeya defleri (all from Vaupés, Colombia); A: Holotype at MCZ (Ω); B: near Estación Biológica Caparú (1 Φ). C–M: Ranitomeya toraro from Brazil; C–D: Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas (A. P. Lima); E: Humaitá, Amazonas (P. I. Simoes); F–G: Cachoiera do Jirau, Rondônia (W. Hödl); H: near Boca do Acre, Amazonas (PRMS and MBS, Ω); I: Host plant of R. toraro: Phenakospermum guyanense near Boca do Acre, Acre (MBS); J: near Boca do Acre, Amazonas (PRMS and MBS); K: Habitat of R. toraro near Boca do Acre, Acre, inset: Aechmea sp. used for tadpole deposition (MBS); L: near Boca do Acre, Amazonas (PRMS and MBS); M: Rio Ituxi, Amazonas (JPC, Ω). (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244243/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">10</figureCitation>
. [
<specimenCode id="C53C9EE59575156ECCFE9B1E382BF9DA" box="[1173,1324,1584,1606]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">MUSM 26994</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="4A21883C9575156ECD529B1E3892F9DA" box="[1337,1429,1584,1606]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) collected by
<collectorName id="386F53489575156EC92C9B613CE1F9F8" box="[327,486,1615,1636]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Jason L. Brown</collectorName>
and Evan Twomey near the town of Sauce,
<collectingRegion id="575EF87C9575156ECBCB9B603914F9F8" box="[928,1043,1614,1636]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">San Martín</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="ED8D760E9575156ECC769B603948F9F8" box="[1053,1103,1614,1636]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Perú</collectingCountry>
];—
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECC189B603849F9F8" author="von May, R. &amp; Catenazzi, A. &amp; Angulo, A. &amp; Brown, J. L. &amp; Carrillo, J. &amp; Chavez, G. &amp; Cordova, J. H. &amp; Curo, A. &amp; Delgado, A. &amp; Enciso, M. A. &amp; Gutierrez, R. &amp; Lehr, E. &amp; Martinez, J. L. &amp; Medina-Muller, M. &amp; Miranda, A. &amp; Neira, D. R. &amp; Ochoa, J. A. &amp; Quiroz, A. J. &amp; Rodriguez, D. A. &amp; Rodriguez, L. O. &amp; Salas, A. W. &amp; Seimon, T. &amp; Seimon, A. &amp; Siu-Ting, K. &amp; Suarez, J. &amp; Torres, J. &amp; Twomey, E." box="[1139,1358,1614,1637]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="376 - 396" refId="ref79912" refString="von May, R., Catenazzi, A., Angulo, A., Brown, J. L., Carrillo, J., Chavez, G., Cordova, J. H., Curo, A., Delgado, A., Enciso, M. A., Gutierrez, R., Lehr, E., Martinez, J. L., Medina-Muller, M., Miranda, A., Neira, D. R., Ochoa, J. A., Quiroz, A. J., Rodriguez, D. A., Rodriguez, L. O., Salas, A. W., Seimon, T., Seimon, A., Siu-Ting, K., Suarez, J., Torres, J. &amp; Twomey, E. (2008 a) Current state of conservation knowledge of threatened amphibian species in Peru. Tropical Conservation Science, 1, 376 - 396." type="journal article" year="2008">
von May
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECCBF9B613800F9F9" box="[1236,1287,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 396, Appendix 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD8065159575156EC8FC9BA2380BF8CB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8FC9BA23FECF93E" blockId="53.[151,1436,1369,1698]" box="[151,747,1676,1698]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC9BA23C91F93E" box="[151,406,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156EC8FC9BA23C7AF93E" box="[151,381,1676,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summersi">Dendrobates summersi</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156EC9FD9BA23F49F93E" author="Santos, J. C. &amp; Coloma, L. A. &amp; Summers, K. &amp; Caldwell, J. P. &amp; Ree, R. &amp; Cannatella, D. C." box="[406,590,1676,1698]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1000056" refId="ref78627" refString="Santos, J. C., Coloma, L. A., Summers, K., Caldwell, J. P., Ree, R. &amp; Cannatella, D. C. (2009) Amazonian Amphibian Diversity Is Primarily Derived from Late Miocene Andean Lineages. PLoS Biol, 7, e 1000056." type="journal article" year="2009">
Santos
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC98B9BA33F13F93E" box="[480,532,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, by implication
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8FC9BFD380BF8CB" blockId="53.[151,1436,1746,1915]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8FC9BFD3CCEF977" bold="true" box="[151,457,1746,1771]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">Background information.</emphasis>
For a summary of knowledge on this species see
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECC689BFD39F4F977" author="Brown, J. L. &amp; Twomey, E. &amp; Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S." box="[1027,1267,1747,1771]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref74911" refString="Brown, J. L., Twomey, E., Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S. (2008 c) Revision of the Ranitomeya fantastica species complex with description of two new species from Central Peru (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Zootaxa, 1823, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">
Brown
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECC3C9BFA3996F977" box="[1111,1169,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
(2008c)
</bibRefCitation>
. An individual from near Chazuta (the locality of some of the
<typeStatus id="4A21883C9575156ECAC29BD93E11F893" box="[681,790,1783,1807]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) was included in this study’s phylogeny. The results support the classification of this population based on morphology as
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156ECB1E9A3239F3F8AF" authority="(Brown et al. 2008 c)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[885,1268,1819,1843]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summersi">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECB1E9A323907F8AF" box="[885,1024,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R. summersi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECC649A3539EBF8AF" author="Brown, J. L. &amp; Twomey, E. &amp; Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S." box="[1039,1260,1819,1843]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref74911" refString="Brown, J. L., Twomey, E., Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S. (2008 c) Revision of the Ranitomeya fantastica species complex with description of two new species from Central Peru (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Zootaxa, 1823, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">
Brown
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECC0F9A32399BF8AF" box="[1124,1180,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2008c
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. See
<taxonomicName id="529A4D1D9575156ECD449A323DC6F8CB" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1884" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fantastica">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECD449A323DC6F8CB" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R. fantastica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
account for discussion of this study’s phylogenetic results and the results of
<bibRefCitation id="F10B4B6F9575156ECC779A6E380FF8CB" author="Brown, J. L. &amp; Twomey, E. &amp; Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S." box="[1052,1288,1855,1879]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref74911" refString="Brown, J. L., Twomey, E., Pepper, M. &amp; Rodriguez, M. S. (2008 c) Revision of the Ranitomeya fantastica species complex with description of two new species from Central Peru (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Zootaxa, 1823, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">
Brown
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156ECC049A6E39A0F8CB" box="[1135,1191,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
(2008c)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD8065159575156EC8AC9A4C39F6F8E7" box="[199,1265,1890,1915]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9525369E9575156EC8AC9A4C39F6F8E7" blockId="53.[151,1436,1746,1915]" box="[199,1265,1890,1915]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="A7EEEA8C9575156EC8AC9A4C3C67F8E7" bold="true" box="[199,352,1890,1915]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species in known to occur within a small area of
<collectingRegion id="575EF87C9575156ECBA89A4D3944F8E7" box="[963,1091,1891,1915]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">San Martín</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="ED8D760E9575156ECC259A4D3986F8E6" box="[1102,1153,1891,1914]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="0DA12A1B9575156ECCFA9A4D39E3F8E7" box="[1169,1252,1891,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="54.[151,244,988,1009]" captionTargetBox="[342,1254,213,951]" captionTargetId="figure-66@54.[316,1280,193,972]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 19. Known distribution of Ranitomeya benedicta and R. summersi. The inset map displays the geographic extent of distributions (black circles = all other Ranitomeya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5244271/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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