341 lines
33 KiB
XML
341 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="8562A6BFC3F37DED4962AFC296A71302" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum dunalianum Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 448. 1828." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8562A6BFC3F37DED4962AFC296A71302" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8562A6BFC3F37DED4962AFC296A71302" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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12.
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<taxonomicName authority="Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 448. 1828." authorityName="Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 448. 1828." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">Solanum dunalianum Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 448. 1828.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Solanum dunalianum Gaudich. Herbarium specimen collected in Indonesia in 1917 (Kaudern 57, L. 4319974). Photograph credit: Naturalis Biodiversity Center." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scheff. in Scheffer" authorityYear="1876" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pulvinare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinare">Solanum pulvinare</taxonomicName>
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Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 39. 1876, as "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pulvinaris</emphasis>
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". Type. Indonesia. West Papua: Ajambori, near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Doré">Dore</normalizedToken>
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[Dorei Bay],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.E Teijsmann s.n.</emphasis>
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[7854] (lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 129: BO [acc. # 1324393]; isolectotype: MEL [MEL0104159]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum subsp. var. var. lanceolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="dunalianum" subSpecies="var." variety="lanceolatum">Solanum dunalianum Gaudich. var. lanceolatum</taxonomicName>
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Witasek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 166. 1908. Type. Papua New Guinea. East New Britain: "Vulcanes Kaia" [volcano Kaia], Sep 1905,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Rechinger & L. Rechinger 4821</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 129: W [acc. # 0022303]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum subsp. var. var. puberius" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="dunalianum" subSpecies="var." variety="puberius">Solanum dunalianum Gaudich. var. puberius</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 72. 1919. Type. New Guinea. East Sepik: "Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, Hauptlager Malu" [base camp near present-day town of Ambunti],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.L. Ledermann 10718, 12250</emphasis>
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(syntypes; type material presumably destroyed at B, see
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<bibRefCitation author="Veldkamp, JF" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B256" refString="Veldkamp, JF, Vink, W, Frodin, DG, 1988. XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea. Flora Malesiana Bulletin 10: 32 - 38" title="XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="10" year="1988">Veldkamp et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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; no duplicates found).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Indonesia" location="Pisang Island" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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. Malaku:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8562A6BFC3F37DED4962AFC296A71302:AED7FEE06E120FB7ED220DB3B771482F" country="Indonesia" name="Pisang Island">Pisang Island</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1818-12" collectorName="C. Gaudichaud" country="Moluccas" location="Islands" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8562A6BFC3F37DED4962AFC296A71302:D4088ED69C14947A6AA6F74016DA7375" country="Moluccas" name="Islands">Islands</location>
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, [
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<collectingDate value="1818-12">Dec 1818</collectingDate>
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],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>C. Gaudichaud</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bean, AR" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="639 - 816" refId="B15" refString="Bean, AR, 2004. The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Austrobaileya 6 (4): 639 - 816" title="The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia." volume="6" year="2004">Bean 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 672: P [P00369093]; isolectotype: P [P00369092])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrub or small tree to 4 m tall, unarmed or sparsely prickly. Stems erect, unarmed or with a few scattered prickles, glabrous or very sparsely stellate-pubescent; prickles to 3.2 mm long, to 3.6 mm at the base, straight, narrowly triangular with the sides concave from a wide base, yellow-ferruginous, glabrous; trichomes porrect-stellate, sessile, the rays 6-8, ca. 0.1 mm long, the midpoints shorter to equal to the rays, white to yellow in dry material; new growth glabrous to sparsely pubescent with mixture of stellate and minute glandular trichomes, brownish to black in dry material; bark of older stems dark brownish red, glabrous. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate. Leaves simple, not lobed, the blades of major leaves 19.7-30 cm long, 9.5-16 cm wide, ca. 2 times longer than wide, ovate to elliptic, the minor leaves half as large as or the same size as the major leaves, subcoriaceous, slightly discolorous, unarmed or with a few prickles along the midrib; adaxial surface densely pubescent with a mixture of numerous minute glandular trichomes and a few porrect-stellate trichomes, the glandular hairs to ca. 0.04 mm long, the stellate trichomes with 6-8 rays, 0.1-0.2 mm long, the midpoints shorter to equal to the rays; abaxial surface moderately pubescent with similar sessile porrect-stellate and glandular trichomes; major veins 12-16 pairs, drying light brownish yellow; base short to very long attenuate, oblique; margin entire or slightly wavy; apex subacute to acute, or short acuminate; petioles 1.5-9 cm long, 1/9-1/6 of the leaf blade length, unarmed or occasionally armed with a few broad-based prickles to 3.9 mm long, to 2.5 mm in diameter at the base, straight, yellow-ferruginous, glabrous or with a few stellate trichomes like those of the blades. Inflorescence to 2 cm, apparently lateral, forked or several-branched, with ca. 50 flowers, 5-15 flowers open at any one time, glabrous to moderately stellate-pubescent on the youngest parts, with sessile porrect trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 4-12.6 mm long, unarmed; pedicels 5.1-18.6 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 0.7-1.1 mm in diameter at the apex, erect, unarmed, glabrous to moderately stellate-pubescent with porrect trichomes like the inflorescence but often with longer rays, articulated at the base. Buds fusiform, exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 4-5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 1.4-1.9 mm long, campanulate, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, deltate, apex acuminate, the abaxial surface more or less strongly keeled along the midvein, unarmed and glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent abaxially with a few porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 1.8-2 cm in diameter, lavender to violet, stellate, lobed ca. 4/5 of the way to the base, the lobes 8.2-10.5 mm long, 2.5-2.9 mm wide, oblong, spreading at anthesis, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially on parts exposed in bud. Stamens equal; anthers 3.7-5.7 mm long, 0.8-1.3 mm wide, connivent, tapering, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying. Ovary conical, with a few stellate trichomes; style 6.5-9.5 mm long, filiform, curved towards the apex, glabrous; stigma capitate or slightly bilobed. Fruit a globose berry, several to many per infructescence, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter, orange to red when mature, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 10.8-18.2 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, erect; fruiting calyx lobes slightly expending to 1.7 cm long, covering 1/4 of the berry or reflexed, glabrous. Seeds ca. 40 per berry, 1.7-2.5 mm long, 2.5-2.8 mm wide, flattened-orbicular to flattened-reniform, yellow-tan to yellow-ferruginous, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal to sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gaudich. Herbarium specimen collected in Indonesia in 1917 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kaudern 57</emphasis>
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, L.4319974). Photograph credit: Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Distribution of Solanum dunalianum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689714" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found from Sulawesi east through New Guinea and south to the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. It has also been collected in Vanuatu and Tonga (
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<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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typically occurs in disturbed habitats and has been found in secondary rainforest, along roads, in clearings, along streams, and gardens; from sea level to 1,200 m elevation (on New Guinea).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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None recorded from the region treated here. Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands: gonovise (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kerenga LAE 56923</emphasis>
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); Tonga.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vava‘u">Vava'u</normalizedToken>
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: polo jongo (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Soakai 1048</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Least Concern (LC). EOO (887,043 km2); AOO (100 km2).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is at the northeastern edge of its range in tropical Asia, the species is common and widely distributed in New Guinea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a species primarily of northern Australia and the island of New Guinea (
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<bibRefCitation author="McClelland, DHR" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B161" refString="McClelland, DHR, 2012. Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae). Doctoral dissertation presented to the City University of New York, New York." title="Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae). Doctoral dissertation presented to the City University of New York, New York." year="2012">McClelland 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) that only just gets into tropical Asia. It was treated as a member of section
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dunaliana">Solanum Dunaliana</taxonomicName>
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Bitter by
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<bibRefCitation author="McClelland, DHR" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B161" refString="McClelland, DHR, 2012. Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae). Doctoral dissertation presented to the City University of New York, New York." title="Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae). Doctoral dissertation presented to the City University of New York, New York." year="2012">McClelland (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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along with a number of other Pacific species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. viridifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="viridifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. viridifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. labyrinthinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="labyrinthinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. labyrinthinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
D.McClelland (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" author="McClelland, DHR" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B162" refString="McClelland, DHR, Nee, M, Knapp, S, 2020. new names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade). PhytoKeys 145: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" title="new names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" volume="145" year="2020">McClelland et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the few species in this group that has been included in molecular analyses (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it resolves as part of the 'Sahul-Pacific
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="clade’">clade'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and member of a group with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lianoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the area treated here,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctive in its branched inflorescence with small red fruits and almost glabrous vegetative parts with very few, if any prickles. Other taxa in the area with several-branched inflorescences are usually densely and variously pubescent (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. torvoideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torvoideum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. torvoideum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689714" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689715" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Introduced species of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum chrysotrichum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysotrichum">Solanum chrysotrichum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Schltdl.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
detail of inflorescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum elaeagnifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habit (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126972</emphasis>
|
||
, India)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of a flower (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126972</emphasis>
|
||
, India)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum jamaicense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamaicense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum jamaicense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mill.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of a flower (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stern 265</emphasis>
|
||
, Trinidad and Tobago)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of fruits (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stern 265</emphasis>
|
||
, Trinidad and Tobago).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum macrocarpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of flower (in cultivation at GAFL Avignon, unvouchered)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
detail view of fruit (in cultivation at Radboud University, Nigmegen, unvouchered, material now at CGN, Wageningen). Photograph credits:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
S.Knapp
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
X. Aubriot
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
S. Stern
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
S. Knapp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The two collections from northern Papua New Guinea cited in the protologue of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. dunalianum subsp. var. var. puberius" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="dunalianum" subSpecies="var." variety="puberius">S. dunalianum var. puberius</taxonomicName>
|
||
were destroyed in Berlin, and we have found no duplicates of these, despite extensive searches.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ledermann’s">Ledermann's</normalizedToken>
|
||
travels are well-documented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ledermann, C" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 44" refId="B138" refString="Ledermann, C, 1919. Einiges von der Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss-Expedition. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 33 - 44" title="Einiges von der Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss-Expedition." volume="55" year="1919">Ledermann 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Steenis-Kruseman, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B253" refString="van Steenis-Kruseman, MJ, 1985. Malyasian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia. Martinius Nijhoff (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Boston, Dordrecht, Lancaster. [originally published 1950 in Djakarta]" title="Malyasian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia. Martinius Nijhoff (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Boston, Dordrecht, Lancaster. [originally published 1950 in Djakarta]" year="1985">van Steenis-Kruseman 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Veldkamp, JF" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B256" refString="Veldkamp, JF, Vink, W, Frodin, DG, 1988. XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea. Flora Malesiana Bulletin 10: 32 - 38" title="XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="10" year="1988">Veldkamp et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and many of the areas he visited have not been accessed since (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, S" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 70" refId="B242" refString="Takeuchi, S, Golman, M, 2002. The present status of Ledermann's April River localities in Papua New Guinea. Sida 20: 55 - 70" title="The present status of Ledermann's April River localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="20" year="2002">Takeuchi and Golman 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so we delay neotypifying this name until such collections are available or duplicates of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ledermann’s">Ledermann's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collections are found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |