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<document id="DE1F34A137A106987536B05ACCB7303A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8638" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4918.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e6b9c6c-c1ae-43ed-8417-70324a727566" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4471922" ID-ZooBank="3FEF9EA2-B755-4B22-8B6A-FAFC5C0FFCDF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611651206508" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gill, Anthony C., Pogonoski, John J., Moore, Glenn I. &amp; Johnson, Jeffrey W." docDate="2021" docId="335587B2C47A1C20FF28FCC3FD96F807" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4918.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4918 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plectranthias bennetti Allen &amp; Walsh" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="CF6CFFCAC4571C0EFFBFFA70FFE5FFD9" masterDocTitle="Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698925343725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C0C1CC90A8D30E13034D28A6B6D5C45">Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E66A7E3B32758334402D21E72394B09">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8513C09F00B7C24874B4C555AD3CBC69">Pogonoski, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="383C66FBBE8E6FE6CD8C302C1866E1D3">Moore, Glenn I.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="335587B2C47A1C20FF28FCC3FD96F807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4474379" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177134030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4474379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:335587B2C47A1C20FF28FCC3FD96F807" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/335587B2C47A1C20FF28FCC3FD96F807" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<paragraph id="BB4336A4C47A1C23FF28FCC3FDBAF917" blockId="45.[151,607,1715,1814]" box="[151,607,1715,1742]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="E00B81C8C47A1C23FF28FCC3FDBAF917" bold="true" box="[151,607,1715,1742]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C47A1C23FF28FCC3FDBAF917" authority="Allen &amp; Walsh" authorityName="Allen &amp; Walsh" box="[151,607,1715,1742]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C47A1C23FF28FCC3FDBAF917" bold="true" box="[151,607,1715,1742]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C47A1C23FF28FCC3FE47F917" bold="true" box="[151,418,1715,1742]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plectranthias bennetti</emphasis>
Allen &amp; Walsh
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC47A1C23FF28FCA8FE0FF92B" box="[151,490,1752,1778]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C47A1C23FF28FCA8FE0FF92B" blockId="45.[151,607,1715,1814]" box="[151,490,1752,1778]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C47A1C23FF28FCA8FEE7F92B" box="[151,258,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,855,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-336@32.[174,1413,849,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 7. Australian distribution records for Plectranthias sp. 1 (open circle), P. bennetti (closed circle) and P. japonicus (closed triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471937/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C47A1C23FEB1FCA8FEC8F92B" box="[270,301,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@47.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 14. Plectranthias bennetti, specimens from Holmes Reef, Coral Sea, Australia: A) WAM P.33842-001, 44.7 mm SL, preserved; B,C) same aquarium individual, not retained, showing variation in coloration. Photos by A.C. Gill (A) and Y.K. Tea (B,C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471953/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">14</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC47A1C23FE87FCA8FE27F92B" box="[312,450,1752,1778]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-10="TABLE 11" captionStart-11="TABLE 12" captionStart-12="TABLE 13" captionStart-13="TABLE 14" captionStart-14="TABLE 15" captionStart-15="TABLE 16" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStart-3="TABLE 4" captionStart-4="TABLE 5" captionStart-5="TABLE 6" captionStart-6="TABLE 7" captionStart-7="TABLE 8" captionStart-8="TABLE 9" captionStart-9="TABLE 10" captionStartId-0="8.[151,239,520,546]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,566,592]" captionStartId-10="20.[151,239,540,566]" captionStartId-11="21.[151,239,542,568]" captionStartId-12="22.[151,239,484,510]" captionStartId-13="24.[151,239,462,488]" captionStartId-14="26.[151,239,559,585]" captionStartId-15="27.[151,239,486,512]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,239,538,564]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,239,558,584]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,239,538,564]" captionStartId-5="13.[151,239,487,513]" captionStartId-6="14.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-7="15.[151,239,522,548]" captionStartId-8="17.[151,239,519,545]" captionStartId-9="19.[151,239,872,896]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Frequency distributions for counts of dorsal, anal and pectoral rays of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Frequencies are based on examined specimens. Frequencies for pectoral rays include bilateral counts. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Frequency distributions for counts of caudal rays of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-10="TABLE 11. Summary of fin characters of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only. Caudal ray counts are presented as upper procurrent + upper principal + lower principal + lower procurrent = total rays." captionText-11="TABLE 12. Summary of body squamation characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-12="TABLE 13. Summary of selected head squamation characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-13="TABLE 14. Summary of gill-raker counts and selected osteological characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-14="TABLE 15. Summary of head serration characters for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-15="TABLE 16. Distribution and known depth ranges for Australian species of Plectranthias and Selenanthias. Data for Plectranthias species are from Allen &amp; Walsh (2015: tab. 1), supplemented with new observations." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Frequency distributions for counts of upper and lower gill rakers of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-3="TABLE 4. Frequency distributions for counts of total gill rakers of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-4="TABLE 5. Vertebral counts for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based on Australian specimens only." captionText-5="TABLE 6. Supraneural and dorsal pterygiophore insertion patterns for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species." captionText-6="TABLE 7. Position of terminal dorsal and anal pterygiophores in interneural and interhaemal spaces for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species." captionText-7="TABLE 8. Frequency distributions for counts of tubed lateral-line scales of Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Frequencies are based on examined specimens and include bilateral counts. Where series are interrupted in P. inermis, P. fourmanoiri and P. winniensis, counts are of the anterior series of tubed scales. “L” indicates additional variation noted in literature on each species. Data for S. analis based only on Australian specimens." captionText-8="TABLE 9. Frequency distributions for counts of scales above and below the lateral line for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Frequencies include bilateral counts. Data for S. analis based only on Australian specimens." captionText-9="TABLE 10. Frequency distributions for counts of circumpeduncular scales for Australian Plectranthias and Selenanthias species. Data for S. analis based only on Australian specimens." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tables 116</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC47A1C23FE71FCA8FE0FF92B" box="[462,490,1752,1778]" captionStart="TABLE 22" captionStartId="48.[151,239,572,598]" captionTargetBox="[165,1975,649,1567]" captionText="TABLE 22. Morphometric values for examined specimens of Plectranthias bennetti, P. cruentus and P. kamii expressed as percentages of SL. * indicates where a measurement could not be made, owing to damage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EF83662CC4671C3EFF28F84CFDCDFDA3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="EF83662CC4671C3EFF28F84CFDCDFDA3">22</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC47A1C23FF28FC8CFDFAF8CF" box="[151,543,1788,1814]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C47A1C23FF28FC8CFDFAF8CF" blockId="45.[151,607,1715,1814]" box="[151,543,1788,1814]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Common name: Bennetts Perchlet</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC47A1C23FF28FD30FD41F8AE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C47A1C23FF28FD30FD41F8AE" blockId="45.[151,1436,1856,1911]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9BEC118AC47A1C23FF28FD30FD41F8AE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C47A1C23FF28FD30FD90F881" authority="Allen &amp; Walsh 2015: 83" authorityName="Allen &amp; Walsh" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,629,1856,1880]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C47A1C23FF28FD30FE9DF881" box="[151,376,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plectranthias bennetti</emphasis>
Allen &amp; Walsh 2015: 83
</taxonomicName>
, figs 14 (
<typeStatus id="64478806C47A1C23FD5FFD30FCE8F881" box="[736,781,1856,1880]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
locality, Holmes Reef, Coral Sea).—
<treatmentCitation id="3A5D10B5C47A1C23FB3BFD30FAAFF881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5972359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5972359" author="Anderson, W. D. Jr" box="[1156,1354,1856,1880]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC347CFFD7FFCCFF5AFEDFBE1DFD90" page="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C47A1C23FB3BFD30FAAFF881" author="Anderson, W. D. Jr" box="[1156,1354,1856,1880]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref70044" refString="Anderson, W. D. Jr (2018) Annotated checklist of anthiadine fishes (Percoidei: Serranidae). Zootaxa, 4475 (1), 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4475.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Anderson 2018: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). —
<treatmentCitation id="3A5D10B5C47A1C23FEAAFD2FFDCEF8AE" author="Parenti, P. &amp; Randall, J. E." box="[277,555,1887,1911]" page="24" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C47A1C23FEAAFD2FFDCEF8AE" author="Parenti, P. &amp; Randall, J. E." box="[277,555,1887,1911]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref73460" refString="Parenti, P. &amp; Randall, J. E. (2020) An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Serranidae of the world with description of two new related families of fishes. FishTaxa, 15, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2020">Parenti &amp; Randall 2020: 24</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC47A1C20FF28FDD5FE82FF20" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C47A1C20FF28FDD5FE82FF20" blockId="45.[151,1436,1957,2020]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C47A1C23FF28FDD5FEF7F866" bold="true" box="[151,274,1957,1983]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The following combination of characters distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C47A1C23FC2CFDD6FBEEF866" box="[915,1035,1957,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C47A1C23FC2CFDD6FBEEF866" box="[915,1035,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from congeners: dorsal rays X,15, fourth spine longest; pectoral rays 13, all unbranched; lateral line complete, with 2930 scales; lower part of preopercle with three enlarged antrorse spines; scales on head extending anteriorly to point varying from mid-interorbital to anterior part of interorbital, but well short of posterior nostrils; no scales on snout, maxilla, infraorbitals, mandibles or chin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4791C20FF78FB73FD95FC7C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4791C20FF78FB73FD95FC7C" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FF78FB73FEDEFEC4" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
Allen &amp; Walsh (2015) described
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FD0CFB73FCCDFEC4" box="[691,808,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FD0CFB73FCCDFEC4" box="[691,808,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FBBCFB73FB80FEC4" box="[1027,1125,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collected by Cairns Marine aquarium fish collector T. Bennett at Holmes Reef, Coral Sea. They noted that the collector had collected one other specimen of the species, but it had been sold to the Japanese aquarium trade. However, we located an additional specimen (WAM P.33842-001), which had been collected at Holmes Reef by T. Bennett in 2012 but had been misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FE95FBE3FE59FE75" baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[298,444,403,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winniensis">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FE95FBE3FE59FE75" box="[298,444,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. winniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen has damaged tips to median and pectoral-fin ray rays and some missing scales on the right side but is otherwise in good condition (
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4791C20FC8EFBC7FC5DFE08" box="[817,952,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@47.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 14. Plectranthias bennetti, specimens from Holmes Reef, Coral Sea, Australia: A) WAM P.33842-001, 44.7 mm SL, preserved; B,C) same aquarium individual, not retained, showing variation in coloration. Photos by A.C. Gill (A) and Y.K. Tea (B,C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471953/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 14A</figureCitation>
). Two additional specimens were available for study, both collected by T. Bennett at Holmes Reef subsequent to the original description. The three specimens agree well with Allen &amp; Walshs (2015) original description of
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FCD0FB8FFC02FDC0" box="[879,999,511,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FCD0FB8FFC02FDC0" box="[879,999,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all salient features, including those in the above diagnosis. They extend known meristic variation in the following characters (counts from non-type specimens given first, followed by those from Allen &amp; Walsh in parentheses): gill rakers 7+1416 (5+13); pseudobranchial filaments 1316 (15); serrations on vertical portion of preopercle 2125 (20). Differences in counts of scales above the lateral line to the fifth dorsal-fin spine and scales below the lateral line to the anal-fin origin (23 and 1415 versus 1 and 10, respectively) appear to be due to different counting methods, as Allen &amp; Walshs figures of the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FF61F8A7FEA5FD28" box="[222,320,727,753]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
clearly shows counts of 2 and at least 13, respectively. Allen &amp; Walsh recorded the following: “caudal fin with 7+6 branched rays, 3 dorsal and 2 ventral unbranched rays, and 5 dorsal and 5 ventral procurrent rays”. With our methods, this indicates a count of 6 dorsal procurrent rays, 9+8 principal rays, and 5 ventral procurrent rays. However, examination of a radiograph of the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FD6FF933FCD7FC84" box="[720,818,835,861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
reveals 7 dorsal and 6 ventral procurrent rays, which is within variation exhibited by the three non-type specimens (67 dorsally and ventrally). Morphometric data for the non-type specimens are given in
<tableCitation id="F67E031FC4791C20FDB7F9FBFD89FC7C" box="[520,620,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 22" captionStartId="48.[151,239,572,598]" captionTargetBox="[165,1975,649,1567]" captionText="TABLE 22. Morphometric values for examined specimens of Plectranthias bennetti, P. cruentus and P. kamii expressed as percentages of SL. * indicates where a measurement could not be made, owing to damage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EF83662CC4671C3EFF28F84CFDCDFDA3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="EF83662CC4671C3EFF28F84CFDCDFDA3">Table 22</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4791C20FF78F9DFFDF0FC34" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4791C20FF78F9DFFDF0FC34" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4791C20FF78F9DFFED9FC10" box="[199,316,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@47.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 14. Plectranthias bennetti, specimens from Holmes Reef, Coral Sea, Australia: A) WAM P.33842-001, 44.7 mm SL, preserved; B,C) same aquarium individual, not retained, showing variation in coloration. Photos by A.C. Gill (A) and Y.K. Tea (B,C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471953/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figures 14</figureCitation>
BC shows two photos of an aquarium individual from Holmes Reef displaying variation in the barring pattern on the posterior body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4791C20FF78F987FC8CF8F1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4791C20FF78F987FB15FAD4" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">We add the following new observations: scales with peripheral cteni; vertebrae 10+16 (9+17 reported by Allen &amp; Walsh 2015, is apparently due to different counting methods); supraneurals 3; predorsal formula 0/0+0/2/1+1; dorsal pterygiophores in interneural spaces 913 1/1/1+1/1+1/1+1; no trisegmental pterygiophores associated with dorsal fin; terminal dorsal pterygiophore in interneural space 18; no trisegmental pterygiophore associated with anal fin; terminal anal pterygiophore in interhaemal space 5; ribs present on vertebrae 3 through 10; epineurals present on vertebrae 1 through 10; parhypural and hypurals autogenous; well-developed hypurapophysis on parhypural; epurals 3; single uroneural (posterior uroneural absent); ventral tip of cleithrum with well-developed posteroventral process; proximal tip of first anal-fin pterygiophore near distal tips of parapophyses on vertebra 10.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4791C20FF78FF67FC8CF8F1" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="DF6D4B55C4791C20FF78FF67FE26FAE8" author="Shepherd, B. &amp; Phelps, T. A. Y. &amp; Pinheiro, H. T. &amp; Rocha, C. R. &amp; Rocha, L. A." box="[199,451,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref74813" refString="Shepherd, B., Phelps, T. A. Y., Pinheiro, H. T., Rocha, C. R. &amp; Rocha, L. A. (2020) Two new species of Plectranthias (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems in the tropical Central Pacific. ZooKeys, 941, 145 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 941.50243" type="journal article" year="2020">
Shepherd
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FE87FF67FE94FAE8" box="[312,369,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FD83FF67FD43FAE8" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[572,678,1303,1329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FD83FF67FD43FAE8" box="[572,678,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from two specimens from Tahiti,
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4791C20FB9BFF67FB0FFAE8" box="[1060,1258,1303,1329]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
. They also published a photograph of a similar species from
<collectingRegion id="7938F846C4791C20FD24FF4BFCA3FA8C" box="[667,838,1339,1365]" country="Marshall Islands" name="Maloelap" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Maloelap Atoll</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4791C20FCEDFF4BFB20FA8C" box="[850,1221,1339,1365]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Republic of the Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
. They noted that
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FA37FF4BFF00FAA0" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FA37FF4BFF00FAA0" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FE06FF2FFDCAFAA0" box="[441,559,1375,1401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FE06FF2FFDCAFAA0" box="[441,559,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with an uncorrected pairwise genetic distance of 5.5 % for the barcode fragment of the mt COI gene, and very similar coloration and morphology. They differentiated the two species on the basis of live coloration (
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FE12FFD7FDF2FA18" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[429,535,1447,1473]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FE12FFD7FDF2FA18" box="[429,535,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with two black spots along the dorsal fin base, and yellow dorsal- and anal-fin membranes), snout length (3.0
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FE45FFBBFDDEFA3C" box="[506,571,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="3.2">3.2 in</quantity>
head length for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FD4CFFBBFCB9FA3C" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[755,860,1483,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FD4CFFBBFCB9FA3C" box="[755,860,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FC0DFFBBFC17FA3C" box="[946,1010,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="4.4">4.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FC46FFBBFB8BFA3C" box="[1017,1134,1483,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FC46FFBBFB8BFA3C" box="[1017,1134,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), number of circumpeduncular scales (12 versus 14) and number of gill rakers (78+1213 versus 5+13). None of these characters is diagnostic:
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FF7DFC63FEDDF9F4" box="[194,312,1555,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FF7DFC63FEDDF9F4" box="[194,312,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses indistinct to distinct black marks on the dorsal-fin base, which are particularly prominent in preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="23C72A21C4791C20FE10FC47FDD3F988" box="[431,566,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@47.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 14. Plectranthias bennetti, specimens from Holmes Reef, Coral Sea, Australia: A) WAM P.33842-001, 44.7 mm SL, preserved; B,C) same aquarium individual, not retained, showing variation in coloration. Photos by A.C. Gill (A) and Y.K. Tea (B,C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4471953/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 14A</figureCitation>
); comparison of fresh images of the two species suggests the apparent snout length differences are an arefact (upper jaw distended in the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FCF8FC2BFC4CF9AC" box="[839,937,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FC6EFC2BFBDEF9AC" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[977,1083,1627,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FC6EFC2BFBDEF9AC" box="[977,1083,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the photos of the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FAA4FC2BFA98F9AC" box="[1307,1405,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FF28FC0FFEE5F940" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,256,1663,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FF28FC0FFEE5F940" box="[151,256,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest there are 14 not 12 circumpeduncular scales; and the number of gill rakers for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FB71FC0FFAD2F940" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[1230,1335,1663,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FB71FC0FFAD2F940" box="[1230,1335,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with counts given here for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FE79FCD3FDD9F964" box="[454,572,1699,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FE79FCD3FDD9F964" box="[454,572,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(57+1316=1823). Shepherd
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FC13FCD3FC01F964" box="[940,996,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
recorded 1112 pectoral rays for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FADEFCD3FF2AF939" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FADEFCD3FF2AF939" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is fewer than known for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FD86FCB7FD4BF938" box="[569,686,1735,1761]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FD86FCB7FD4BF938" box="[569,686,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(13). However, examination of photos of the
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FB13FCB7FAEBF938" box="[1196,1294,1735,1761]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FA8CFCB7FA79F938" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" box="[1331,1436,1735,1761]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FA8CFCB7FA79F938" box="[1331,1436,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show 13 rays. Further comparison is needed to address diagnostic morphological characters for
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FB67FC9BFAAAF8DC" box="[1240,1359,1771,1797]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FB67FC9BFAAAF8DC" box="[1240,1359,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CFC4D27C4791C20FA37FC9BFF00F8F0" authorityName="Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FA37FC9BFF00F8F0" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. hinano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the identity of the Marshall Island population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E6652FC4791C20FF78FD42FD96F807" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BB4336A4C4791C20FF78FD42FD96F807" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FF78FD42FDDFF895" bold="true" box="[199,570,1842,1868]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined. Coral Sea,</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FDFEFD42FF05F8A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471496" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" elevation="125" location="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="8988EAB6C4791C20FDFEFD42FD5DF895" bold="true" box="[577,696,1842,1868]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<collectingCountry id="C3EB7634C4791C20FDFEFD42FD56F895" box="[577,691,1842,1868]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FD7EFD43FD1BF894" box="[705,766,1843,1869]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AMS</collectionCode>
I.49489-001, 47.0 mm SL, Holmes Reef, outer reef slope,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FF28FD26FF05F8A8" box="[151,224,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="125.0">
<elevation id="30D1D197C4791C20FF28FD26FF05F8A8" box="[151,224,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="125.0">125 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FF53FD27FE17F8A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471421" box="[236,498,1879,1905]" collectingDate="2019-12-03" collectionCode="T" country="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FF53FD27FF1BF8A8" box="[236,254,1879,1905]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">T</collectionCode>
. Bennett,
<date id="CF421064C4791C20FED1FD27FE17F8A8" box="[366,498,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2019-12-03">
<collectingDate id="DF06E98CC4791C20FED1FD27FE17F8A8" box="[366,498,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2019-12-03">3 Dec 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FE41FD27FE61F84C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471451" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" elevation="63" latitude="-16.40545" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="147.82404" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FE41FD27FDCEF8A8" box="[510,555,1879,1905]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
I.39334,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FD29FD26FD1FF8A8" box="[662,762,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029999999999999" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="50.3">50.3 mm</quantity>
SL (
<typeStatus id="64478806C4791C20FC90FD27FC70F8A8" box="[815,917,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, radiograph only), Holmes Reef,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="DEC85063C4791C20FF28FD0CFED1F84E" box="[151,308,1916,1943]" degrees="147" direction="east" minutes="49.442" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="147.82404">147°49.442E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FEFBFD0BFE61F84C" box="[324,388,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="63.0">
<elevation id="30D1D197C4791C20FEFBFD0BFE61F84C" box="[324,388,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="63.0">63 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FE2AFD0BFD26F84C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471387" box="[405,707,1914,1941]" collectingDate="2015-05-11" collectionCode="T" country="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FE2AFD0BFE42F84C" box="[405,423,1915,1941]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">T</collectionCode>
. Bennett,
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<collectingDate id="DF06E98CC4791C20FD9EFD0BFD26F84C" box="[545,707,1914,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2015-05-11">11 May 2015</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FD6BFD0BFCFDF84C" box="[724,792,1915,1941]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
P.33842-001,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FC7AFD0BFBCBF84C" box="[965,1070,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="44.7">44.7 mm</quantity>
SL, Holmes Reef,
<geoCoordinate id="DEC85063C4791C20FAA6FD0CFA72F84E" box="[1305,1431,1916,1943]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="29.73" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="9" value="-16.4955">16°29.73S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DEC85063C4791C20FF28FDD0FEC0F862" box="[151,293,1952,1979]" degrees="147" direction="east" minutes="51.83" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="9" value="147.86383">147°51.83E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FE8DFDEFFE8BF860" box="[306,366,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="40.0">
<elevation id="30D1D197C4791C20FE8DFDEFFE8BF860" box="[306,366,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
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,
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FEC4FDEFFD8FF860" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471363" box="[379,618,1951,1977]" collectingDate="2012-01" collectionCode="T" country="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FEC4FDEFFE68F860" box="[379,397,1951,1977]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">T</collectionCode>
. Bennett,
<date id="CF421064C4791C20FDBFFDEFFD8FF860" box="[512,618,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2012-01">
<collectingDate id="DF06E98CC4791C20FDBFFDEFFD8FF860" box="[512,618,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2012-01">Jan 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0B943CF9C4791C20FDC9FDEFFBDBF860" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026471371" accessionNumber="ZRC 61168" box="[630,1086,1950,1977]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FDC9FDEFFD49F860" box="[630,684,1951,1977]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ZRC</collectionCode>
61168,
<quantity id="7C049B41C4791C20FCB6FDEEFC8AF860" box="[777,879,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="55.1">55.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Holmes Reef
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="DDEDAE61C4791C20FBF5FDEFFBB9F860" box="[1098,1116,1951,1977]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">T</collectionCode>
. Bennett (no other data; obtained through Singapore aquarium trade).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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