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<document id="C77F0C2A7C4D55AE5AB656FD0675B0BB" ID-CLB-Dataset="2766" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bad3816-a4ab-406c-886d-b0e0f83ddf3f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5824017" ID-ZooBank="4B472D23-386F-497F-A6DA-8867C081D6D8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641453012369" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bispo, André, Willenz, Philippe &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2022" docId="0A10034B297C0D6F7DC7FBC76ED5FD26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5087.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5087 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="F6297B33295F0D4A7D50FFC86C78FF8F" masterDocTitle="Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1699296482517" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E67AC8833035D727B2E5909D389B08DC">Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="338C0CEDD4A6855CC7EDC37304DC75C2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="13795F253C0FE861C70AB402392EFE9C">
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<mods:namePart id="E2ED01A692420FC59DC6140443B799B9">Bispo, André</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2970CC0451FD2E8C452255BFF524FCB4" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4025-6839</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C87384AE42D9D5BB7CF95F7413FFC248">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4025 - 6839; afelipebispo @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDDF16E3BC7C33307D9CA3900E7D163E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B8BDE841D70DFDAADE016F84FBA3F784">Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B37A24B086E2355D6C7DEFA934841F3B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4127-9346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="79774680BF98DBB4A1ED3D7AD9A52BB0">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346; philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7DEE52F0DA51BF302E5F712C0FB9CAA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F4E7CDCF54C5F939BED651837C3CED26">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="277C573C6A15CB45E94A125A10DF6F41" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8760-9403</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="46E715E0C2DAA9286F2CFB686FCC6044">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8760 - 9403; eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5D0CB9C5C4736BE1963D3AA0CD10C58C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="31CB19B6380F3A4AAF1AD9E42F4CDC1E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A89F85B710DC6411832A5C1F5D42B3C9">
<mods:date id="F8565D6D5926BC4693CAE7F4BC4B6C90">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B098DE0608A60F95EFD583FD2794346">2022-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0D4C56CE259FEE5897A31711C1F4F33F">5087</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F1FA1B0A57FFDB63BFCE88D55C10FA90">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="0A10034B297C0D6F7DC7FBC76ED5FD26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191928480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5824059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A10034B297C0D6F7DC7FBC76ED5FD26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A10034B297C0D6F7DC7FBC76ED5FD26" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697DC7FBC76EF5FBA5" box="[151,653,1039,1066]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697DC7FBC76EF5FBA5" blockId="35.[151,653,1039,1102]" box="[151,653,1039,1066]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<heading id="D94E0531297C0D697DC7FBC76EF5FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,653,1039,1066]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697DC7FBC76EF5FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,653,1039,1066]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697DC7FBC76E50FBA5" ID-CoL="8TZ2T" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,552,1039,1066]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baslaviae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697DC7FBC76D68FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,272,1039,1066]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697C71FBC76DDFFBA5" bold="true" box="[289,423,1039,1066]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697CE8FBC76E50FBA5" bold="true" box="[440,552,1039,1066]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">baslaviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297C0D697F7FFBD86EF5FBA5" box="[559,653,1040,1066]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697DC7FBFC6D0EFBC1" box="[151,374,1076,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697DC7FBFC6D0EFBC1" blockId="35.[151,653,1039,1102]" box="[151,374,1076,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
(
<figureCitation id="1A82AED8297C0D697DCFFBFC6D77FBC1" box="[159,271,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae sp. nov. (MNRJ 12856, holotype). A, holotype alive; B, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; C–D, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 500 μm; C–D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824049/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Figure 12</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E6297C0D697C4AFBFC6D15FBC1" box="[282,365,1076,1102]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697DC7FBB46D9AFB51" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697DC7FBB46D9AFB51" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<materialsCitation id="32D1B800297C0D697DC7FBB46D9AFB51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427684313" accessionNumber="POR 12856" collectingDate="2008-12-12" collectionCode="MNRJ, MHNG" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; E. Hajdu &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Roquedal" elevation="6" latitude="-14.153299" location="Reserva Nacional de Paracas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.26425" municipality="Laguna Grande" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" specimenCode="MNRJ 12856, RBINS-IG 32240, MHNG 85689" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ica" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697DC7FBB46D73FB19" bold="true" box="[151,267,1148,1174]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF297C0D697DC7FBB46D7EFB19" box="[151,262,1148,1174]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="D21F1A26297C0D697C44FBB56DD6FB18" box="[276,430,1148,1175]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">MNRJ 12856</specimenCode>
(Vouchers:
<specimenCode id="D21F1A26297C0D697F69FBB46F79FB19" box="[569,769,1148,1174]" collectionCode="RBINS-IG" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">RBINS-IG 32240</specimenCode>
-POR 12856,
<specimenCode id="D21F1A26297C0D697EF0FBB4683DFB18" box="[928,1093,1148,1175]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="Museum">MHNG 85689</specimenCode>
)—
<collectingCounty id="6B67CAD1297C0D69793AFBB468A0FB18" box="[1130,1240,1148,1175]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Roquedal</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="62622827297C0D6979B6FBB569E0FB19" box="[1254,1432,1148,1175]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Laguna Grande</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8766E486297C0D697DC7FB696DA4FB34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A10034B297C0D6F7DC7FBC76ED5FD26:8766E486297C0D697DC7FB696DA4FB34" box="[151,476,1184,1211]" county="Roquedal" latitude="-14.153299" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.26425" municipality="Laguna Grande" name="Reserva Nacional de Paracas" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" stateProvince="Ica">Reserva Nacional de Paracas</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF297C0D697CB7FB696E19FB35" box="[487,609,1184,1211]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Ica Region</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E78DD49A297C0D697F20FB686F67FB35" box="[624,799,1184,1210]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" precision="1" seconds="11.88" value="-14.153299">14°09’11.88” S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E78DD49A297C0D697E7BFB686FA1FB34" box="[811,985,1184,1211]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" precision="1" seconds="51.3" value="-76.26425">76°15’51.3” W</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="45411FB8297C0D697961FB686801FB34" box="[1073,1145,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">
<elevation id="0994556E297C0D697961FB686801FB34" box="[1073,1145,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">3–9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B297C0D6979EBFB696957FB35" box="[1211,1327,1184,1211]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
, E.
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B297C0D697808FB6869E4FB35" box="[1368,1436,1184,1210]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Hajdu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B297C0D697DE4FB0C6D4FFB51" box="[180,311,1220,1246]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
(
<date id="F607949D297C0D697C15FB0C6DAEFB51" box="[325,470,1220,1246]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" value="2008-12-12">
<collectingDate id="E6436D75297C0D697C15FB0C6DAEFB51" box="[325,470,1220,1246]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" value="2008-12-12">12/XII/2008</collectingDate>
</date>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697D97FB206880FAA8" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97FB206880FAA8" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97FB206D3AFA8D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1256,1282]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697CE6FB206E5EFA8D" box="[438,550,1256,1282]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697CE6FB206E5EFA8D" box="[438,550,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Eastern Pacific with a combination of smooth surface, rare oscula, blue colour alive, and an irregular anisotropic reticulation with loose uni- to paucispicular primary tracts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697D97FAF86D87F9C9" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97FAF86923FAE1" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97FAF86DA1FAC5" bold="true" box="[199,473,1328,1354]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
Description (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED8297C0D697C32FAF86DB4FAC5" box="[354,460,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae sp. nov. (MNRJ 12856, holotype). A, holotype alive; B, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; C–D, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 500 μm; C–D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824049/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Small specimen, ca.
<quantity id="45411FB8297C0D697F9CFAF86F7CFAC4" box="[716,772,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in largest diameter, thickly encrusting on an empty limpet shell. Surface smooth. Oscula rare, circular,
<quantity id="45411FB8297C0D697FD8FA9C6EB1FAE0" box="[648,713,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency soft. Colour purplish blue in life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97FAB06FE2FA71" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97FAB06DC9FA1D" bold="true" box="[199,433,1400,1426]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
Skeleton (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED8297C0D697C6CFAB06DDCFA1D" box="[316,420,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae sp. nov. (MNRJ 12856, holotype). A, holotype alive; B, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; C–D, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 500 μm; C–D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824049/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Ectosome not specialized. Choanosome an irregular anisotropic reticulation, loose uni- to paucispicular primary tracts connected by unispicular secondary tracts. Few pauci- to multispicular discontinuous tracts, perpendicular to the surface, deep in the choanosome. Choanosomal and subectosomal spaces present, 150– 780 µm in diameter. Many free spicules around. Spongin not visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97F9C06D87F9C9" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97F9C06DB7F9AD" bold="true" box="[199,463,1544,1570]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
Spicules (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED8297C0D697C67F9C06DB8F9AD" box="[311,448,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[181,1405,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae sp. nov. (MNRJ 12856, holotype). A, holotype alive; B, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; C–D, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 500 μm; C–D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824049/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Fig. 12C, D</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Oxeas, slender, subtly bent at centre, long acerate points, dimensions 133–
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D69785EF9C06940F9AD" box="[1294,1336,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">151</emphasis>
–169 µm x 4.0–
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D8DF9E46D78F9C9" box="[221,256,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">5.3</emphasis>
–6.0 µm (n = 20 x 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697D97F9986961F9E5" box="[199,1305,1616,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97F9986961F9E5" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" box="[199,1305,1616,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97F9986D54F9E5" bold="true" box="[199,300,1616,1642]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Ecology.</emphasis>
Shallow subtidal, markedly silted habitat. Water temperature during collection was 21°C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697D97F9BC688FF900" box="[199,1271,1652,1679]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97F9BC688FF900" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" box="[199,1271,1652,1679]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97F9BC6DA8F901" bold="true" box="[199,464,1652,1678]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED8297C0D697C38F9BC6DB9F901" box="[360,449,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,563,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-185@7.[155,1432,561,1783]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing the geographic distribution of Peruvian haplosclerids. A, distribution of Chalinula chelysa sp. nov.; B, distribution of Chalinula ramiculosa sp. nov. and Haliclona (G.) concreta sp nov.; C, distribution of H. (Halich.) arequipaensis sp. nov., H. (Halich.) multiosculata sp. nov. and H. (Halich.) marcoriosi sp. nov.; D, distribution of H. (Halich.) paracas sp. nov., H. (Halich.) pellucida sp. nov. and (Reniera) parvuloxea sp. nov.; E, distribution of H. (Rhizoniera) spp. nov.; F, distribution of Niphates ruthecitae sp. nov. and Pachychalina lupusapia sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824023/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Only known from its
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF297C0D697F98F9BD6E80F900" box="[712,760,1653,1679]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">type</typeStatus>
locality at Laguna Grande (Paracas), in
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD297C0D6979ECF9BD688BF900" box="[1212,1267,1653,1679]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D697D97F95068FDF958" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97F95068FDF958" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97F9506D36F93D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1688,1714]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet honours Dr. Báslavi Cóndor-Luján who, as an undergraduate, participated in our fieldwork year after year, and followed up developing her career in sponge taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D6297C0D6F7D97F9286ED5FD26" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D697D97F9286FACF805" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D97F9286D43F975" bold="true" box="[199,315,1760,1786]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Remarks.</emphasis>
The anisotropic, ladder-like reticulation of the new species is similar to that found in
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D6979A8F929696BF975" box="[1272,1299,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697873F92869EBF975" box="[1315,1427,1760,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697873F92869EBF975" box="[1315,1427,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697D95F8CD6C99F891" box="[197,225,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697DBFF8CC6D12F891" box="[239,362,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
). However, the reticulation in
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697FE9F8CD6EACF891" box="[697,724,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697FB3F8CC6F2BF891" box="[739,851,1796,1822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697FB3F8CC6F2BF891" box="[739,851,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is supposed to be very regular, with straight primary lines, while in the new species it is more irregular with spongin not observable. Thus,
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D69793BF8E168FFF8CD" box="[1131,1159,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D6979C8F8E0696BF8CD" box="[1176,1299,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
) remains as the best assignment for the new species, especially after the amendment of the subgeneric diagnosis by
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297C0D69787EF8846D7EF804" author="Muricy, G. &amp; Esteves, E. L. &amp; Monteiro, L. C. &amp; Rodrigues, B. R. &amp; Albano, R. M." pageId="35" pageNumber="236" pagination="536 - 550" refId="ref37338" refString="Muricy, G., Esteves, E. L., Monteiro, L. C., Rodrigues, B. R. &amp; Albano, R. M. (2015) A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Southeastern Brazil and the first record of Haliclona vansoesti from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 3925 (4), 536 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.4.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
Muricy
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D6978D8F8856CCCF805" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
to allow the inclusion of species with unispicular primary lines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297C0D6F7D97F85C6EA7FE22" blockId="35.[151,1437,1148,2039]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
This is the only blue
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697CE9F85C6E51F821" box="[441,553,1940,1966]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697CE9F85C6E51F821" box="[441,553,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD297C0D697FC9F85D6EA8F820" box="[665,720,1941,1967]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Peru</collectingCountry>
. Other congeners in the Eastern Pacific showing similar colour when alive are
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697C19F8716D1CF85D" box="[329,356,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697C26F8706DB2F85D" box="[374,458,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Halich.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697C8CF8706E3BF85D" authorityName="Thinly" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[476,579,1976,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gellindra">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697C8CF8706E3BF85D" box="[476,579,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">gellindra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697F03F8716E17F85D" box="[595,623,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697FD1F8706EADF85D" box="[641,725,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Halich.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697FB7F8706F55F85D" box="[743,813,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">thielei</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697E6DF8716F84F85D" authorityName="Cushion" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[829,1020,1976,2003]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697E6DF8716F21F85D" box="[829,857,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697E3BF8716FE8F85D" box="[875,912,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Re.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697EF3F8716F84F85D" box="[931,1020,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D69796DF8716821F85D" box="[1085,1113,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D69793BF87068C1F85D" box="[1131,1209,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Halicl.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D69799BF8716943F85D" box="[1227,1339,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">verrucosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297C0D69781CF8706CA8F878" author="Thiele, J." pageId="35" pageNumber="236" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E6297C0D697DB8F8146D38F879" box="[232,320,2012,2038]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The new species can be promptly set apart from
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697ED3F8156FE6F879" box="[899,926,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697EFFF814687BF879" box="[943,1027,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Halich.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297C0D697944F8146803F879" authorityName="Thinly" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1044,1147,2012,2038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gellindra">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297C0D697944F8146803F879" box="[1044,1147,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">gellindra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a tangential ectosome and a dense, confused, subisotropic choanosomal skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297A0D6F7969FF5F6965FF3E" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1081,1309,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref35428" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297A0D6F787AFF5F6CACFF5A" author="de Weerdt, W. H." pageId="37" pageNumber="238" pagination="852 - 873" refId="ref35823" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2002) Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Springer US, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 852 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 91" type="book chapter" year="2002">de Weerdt 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The “spicule reinforced form” of
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F0FFF736E03FF5B" box="[607,635,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7FDBFF736EA7FF5A" box="[651,735,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Halich.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7FBFFF736F4DFF5A" box="[751,821,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">thielei</emphasis>
has an encrusting habit,
<quantity id="45411FB8297A0D6F791CFF7368D2FF5A" box="[1100,1194,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
thick, and blue green or violet-grey colour, similarly to
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F7F40FF176EA4FF76" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[528,732,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baslaviae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F40FF176E54FF77" box="[528,556,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F6BFF176E1AFF76" box="[571,610,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Rh.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F21FF176EA4FF76" box="[625,732,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">baslaviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7FB3FF176F44FF76" bold="true" box="[739,828,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297A0D6F7FB3FF176F44FF76" box="[739,828,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Even so, both forms of
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7917FF17681BFF77" box="[1095,1123,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7922FF1768BDFF76" box="[1138,1221,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Halich.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7985FF176963FF76" box="[1237,1307,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">thielei</emphasis>
are distinct from
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F7D86FECB6DDEFE92" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[214,422,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baslaviae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7D86FECB6C8AFE93" box="[214,242,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7C53FECB6D52FE92" box="[259,298,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Rh.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7C6BFECB6DDEFE92" box="[315,422,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">baslaviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7CFFFECB6E72FE92" bold="true" box="[431,522,259,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297A0D6F7CFFFECB6E72FE92" box="[431,522,259,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The “spicule reinforced form” has a dense and irregular skeleton, and abundant oscula; while the “spongin reinforced form” has a skeleton with abundant nodal spongin, and oscula on top of conical projections up to
<quantity id="45411FB8297A0D6F7CE1FE836D8AFEEA" box="[433,498,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297A0D6F7F69FE836EBDFEEA" author="Thiele, J." box="[569,709,330,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
). Both patterns contrast to what is observed in
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F799FFE8369E4FEEA" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[1231,1436,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baslaviae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F799FFE836893FEEB" box="[1231,1259,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F79ABFE836959FEEA" box="[1275,1313,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Rh.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7861FE8369E4FEEA" box="[1329,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">baslaviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7DC7FEA76C97FE06" bold="true" box="[151,239,367,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297A0D6F7DC7FEA76C97FE06" box="[151,239,367,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, that has a mainly unispicular anisotropic architecture, without visible spongin, and seemingly only one, flat oscule. These features clearly set both species apart.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6C6E2D5297B0D6E7DC7F845686BF845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5824049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824049/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" startId="36.[151,250,1933,1957]" targetBox="[181,1405,181,1909]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297B0D6E7DC7F845686BF845" blockId="36.[151,1437,1933,1994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297B0D6E7DC7F8456F88F82A" bold="true" box="[151,1008,1933,1958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
FIGURE 12.
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297B0D6E7C76F8456EF9F82A" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[294,641,1933,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baslaviae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297B0D6E7C76F8456EF9F82A" bold="true" box="[294,641,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Haliclona (Rhizoniera) baslaviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297B0D6E7FD8F8466EA0F829" box="[648,728,1934,1958]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNRJ 12856, holotype).
</emphasis>
A, holotype alive; B, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; C–D, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 500 μm; C–D, 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297A0D6F7D97FE7F6ED5FD26" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F7D97FE7F6DA1FE5F" authorityName="Cushion" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[199,473,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7D97FE7F6D4FFE5E" box="[199,311,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7C19FE7F6D16FE5F" box="[329,366,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Re.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7CD0FE7F6DA1FE5F" box="[384,473,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F43FE7F6E56FE5F" box="[531,558,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7F10FE7F6EF6FE5E" box="[576,654,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Halicl.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7FCFFE7F6F77FE5F" box="[671,783,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">verrucosa</emphasis>
are only known from the Magellanic Province and share a similar encrusting habit, though distinguished based on skeleton architecture and aspects of the oscula/surface. The former has oscula mostly on top of verrucose projections, and a dense and irregular skeleton, with occasional paucispicular tracts close to the surface (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297A0D6F7F22FDEB6F79FDB2" author="Thiele, J." box="[626,769,546,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F7E48FDEB6F8AFDB2" authority="(Halicl.)" baseAuthorityName="Halicl." box="[792,1010,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7E48FDEB6FF0FDB2" box="[792,904,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7ECCFDEB6F91FDB2" box="[924,1001,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Halicl.</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7EADFDEB6815FDB3" box="[1021,1133,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">verrucosa</emphasis>
also has oscula on top of verrucose projections, in addition to small and irregular blind verrucose projections on its surface, and abundant spongin in basal parts of the skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297A0D6F7F32FDA36E8AFD0A" author="Thiele, J." box="[610,754,618,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
). The new species is thus distinct from all other blue(ish)
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297A0D6F7DC7FD476D44FD26" box="[151,316,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297A0D6F7DC7FD476D7FFD26" box="[151,263,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Haliclona</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
known from the Eastern Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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