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<document id="0CAB75889A9CCCEFDE63C9BAF2B06859" ID-CLB-Dataset="53474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90d83153-c065-4771-9ac7-35dda67996b5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7960319" ID-ZooBank="78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684793805841" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. &amp; Lim, Kelvin K. P." docDate="2023" docId="88502B73FF63B88FFF6B45F77D030954" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5287.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5287 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Manouria emys" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="7469530BFF9AB876FFFC4759790E0F53" masterDocTitle="Singapores herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="250" updateTime="1716910345491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3760BB817EE0F091C93AA5B5B3203CF6">Singapores herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E324543F88B1B2684F762DBBD5D2C6B">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF63B88FFF6B45F77D030954" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF63B88FFF6B45F77D030954" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF63B88FFF6B45F77D030954" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF6B45F778710DBF" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B45F77AB60D9A" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[151,952,686,713]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF63B88FFF6B45F77AB60D9A" box="[151,952,686,713]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF6B45F778430D9A" ID-CoL="3XW2D" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel &amp; S.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[151,333,686,713]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF6B45F778430D9A" bold="true" box="[151,333,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schlegel &amp; M̧ller, 1844)—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFD6B45F77AB60D9A" bold="true" box="[663,952,686,713]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Non-native; Introduced.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B458B78710DBF" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[151,383,722,748]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Asian Giant Tortoise</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF6B45AF78760C43" box="[151,376,758,784]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B45AF78760C43" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[151,376,758,784]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF6B45AF78760C43" bold="true" box="[151,376,758,784]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFF6B45AF781E0C43" box="[151,272,758,784]" name="Singapore" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF0B44427DAA0CF3" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF0B44427B7D0C67" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[247,627,794,821]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF63B88FFF0B44427B7D0C67" box="[247,627,794,821]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF0B444278A70C67" ID-CoL="88L69" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1854" box="[247,425,794,820]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B444278A70C67" box="[247,425,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF63B88FFE3944437B610C67" author="Gray, J. E." box="[453,623,794,821]" page="68" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFE3944437B610C67" author="Gray, J. E." box="[453,623,794,821]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="133 - 135" refId="ref309138" refString="Gray, J. E. (1854) Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1852 (246), 133 - 135." type="journal article" year="1854">Gray, 1854: 68</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF0B446478C10C28" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF63B88FFF0B446478C10C28" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF0B44647B3D0C04" box="[247,563,829,856]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Geochelone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys" subGenus="Testudo">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B446478730C04" box="[247,381,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Geochelone</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFE6D446478E90C04" box="[401,487,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Testudo</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFE0744677B3D0C04" box="[507,563,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—K. Lim &amp; F.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF63B88FFD1344647A860C0B" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[751,904,829,856]" page="4" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFD1344647A860C0B" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[751,904,829,856]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref325384" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1989) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 2 (1), 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="1989">Lim, 1989: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF63B88FFAA5446478C50C28" author="Chou, L. M." page="146" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFAA5446478C50C28" author="Chou, L. M." pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. &amp; Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF0B44DF7DAA0CF3" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[247,1188,901,928]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF0B44DF78A80CCC" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel &amp; S.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[247,422,902,927]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B44DF78A80CCC" box="[247,422,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFDC544DF7B7F0CCC" box="[569,625,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993: 20.—D.C.J. Yeo &amp; C.S.W. Chia, 2010: 35.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF0B44F07D2E0CB4" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF0B44F07D950C90" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[247,1179,937,963]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF0B44F07B0C0C90" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[247,514,937,963]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="emys" subSpecies="phayrei">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B44F07B0C0C90" box="[247,514,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria emys phayrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Pai &amp; H.T.W. Tan, 2014: 188 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF0B44947D2E0CB4" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[247,1056,972,999]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFF0B449478EB0CB5" box="[247,485,973,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="emys" subSpecies="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B449478EB0CB5" box="[247,485,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria emys emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Stanford
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFD9544947BAF0CB5" box="[617,673,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 86.1.—TTWG, 2021: 252.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF6B44A97A410A7B" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B44A97DEB0A57" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF6B44A978050B59" bold="true" box="[151,267,1008,1034]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFEE844A878CB0B59" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel &amp; S.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[276,453,1009,1034]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFEE844A878CB0B59" box="[276,453,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Manouria emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupies a wide, native distribution ranging from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFBF644A97D830B59" box="[1034,1165,1008,1034]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFB3B44A97C0D0B59" box="[1223,1283,1008,1034]" name="India" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">India</collectingCountry>
, east through
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFF0B434D78680B7D" box="[247,358,1044,1070]" name="Myanmar" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFE8D434D78D90B7D" box="[369,471,1044,1070]" name="Thailand" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFD9E434D7BC50B7D" box="[610,715,1044,1070]" name="Malaysia" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, and Borneo (TTWG 2021). Given this distribution, it has been suspected that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFDFF43617B6E0B02" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel &amp; S.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[515,608,1080,1105]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFDFF43617B6E0B02" box="[515,608,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">M. emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred naturally in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFCAB43617AC50B01" box="[855,971,1080,1106]" name="Singapore" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and is even listed as extirpated (Stanford
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF0B430578210B26" box="[247,303,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2015; TTWG 2021).
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFDD843027BA30B25" author="Gray, J. E." box="[548,685,1115,1142]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="133 - 135" refId="ref309138" refString="Gray, J. E. (1854) Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1852 (246), 133 - 135." type="journal article" year="1854">Gray (1854)</bibRefCitation>
mistakenly listed
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFC8643027AE20B26" box="[890,1004,1115,1141]" name="Singapore" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Singapore</collectingCountry>
as the locality of a specimen collected in Penang (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFE84432678FA0BC9" author="Gray, J. E." box="[376,500,1151,1178]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref309176" refString="Gray, J. E. (1855) Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). Trustees [of the British Museum], London, pp. 1 - 79, 42 pls." type="book chapter" year="1855">Gray 1855</bibRefCitation>
). As no historical specimens exist for
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFC5F43D97D0F0BCA" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel &amp; S.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[931,1025,1152,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Manouria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emys">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFC5F43D97D0F0BCA" box="[931,1025,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">M. emys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFBBB43267DB50BCA" box="[1095,1211,1151,1177]" name="Singapore" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, we exclude it from Singapores herpetofauna checklist. Nonetheless, released individuals have been sighted at BTNR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF63B88FFA7243FA78800BB2" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="1989-01-05">5 January 1989</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF63B88FFE63439F7B1C0BB2" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[415,530,1222,1249]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref325384" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1989) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 2 (1), 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="1989">Lim 1989</bibRefCitation>
), NSSF in
<date id="7447BCA5FF63B88FFD73439E7A0C0BB2" box="[655,770,1223,1249]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="2002-06">June 2002</date>
(K.W. Li pers. comm.),
<date id="7447BCA5FF63B88FFBE5439E7DAC0BB2" box="[1049,1186,1223,1249]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="2011-06-09">9 June 2011</date>
(Y. Cai pers. comm.), and on
<date id="7447BCA5FF63B88FFEB643B37B0D0A57" box="[330,515,1258,1285]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="2014-01-29">29 January 2014</date>
(Pai &amp; Tan 2014), and UP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF63B88FFCAA43B37AE50A57" box="[854,1003,1258,1285]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="2014-05-12">12 May 2014</date>
(W. Ng pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B42577A410A7B" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[151,847,1294,1321]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF6B42577BAD0A7B" bold="true" box="[151,675,1294,1320]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">LKCNHM &amp; NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF63B88FFF6B42687D030954" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFF6B42687A390A1F" blockId="249.[151,1437,686,1356]" box="[151,823,1329,1356]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFF6B42687B840A18" bold="true" box="[151,650,1329,1356]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF63B88FFEE2426878990A18" box="[286,407,1329,1355]" name="Singapore" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFDF042F77D260A9B" blockId="249.[524,1064,1454,1480]" box="[524,1064,1454,1480]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFDF042F77D260A9B" bold="true" box="[524,1064,1454,1480]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFD9742F77AAF0A9B" authority="Gray, 1825" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[619,929,1454,1480]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trionychidae Gray, 1825</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF63B88FFDDA42B47D030954" blockId="249.[550,1037,1517,1543]" box="[550,1037,1517,1543]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFDDA42B47D030954" bold="true" box="[550,1037,1517,1543]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF63B88FFD8142B47A880954" authority="Smith, 1931" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1931" box="[637,902,1517,1543]" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Lissemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF63B88FFD8142B47BE40954" bold="true" box="[637,746,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Lissemys</emphasis>
Smith, 1931
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>