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<mods:title id="2F0CAA5204F52F5AF256F29821CBD59A">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D09C8A8EE4DF7B508B1A95C9AFFF3327">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A067C545EB7EA4A55A7E13CE6BBF7248">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967942" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DCFF6B45387B9B0D28" box="[151,661,609,638]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF6B45387B9B0D28" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[151,661,609,638]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF30B8DCFF6B45387B9B0D28" box="[151,661,609,638]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF6B45387B2D0D28" ID-CoL="49645" authority="(Gnther, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,547,609,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF6B453878640D28" bold="true" box="[151,362,609,636]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Oligodon signatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE86453A7B150D28" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[378,539,609,638]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFDBC45387B9B0D28" bold="true" box="[576,661,609,635]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DCFF0B45DF7C400C58" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B45DF7A5C0DCC" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[247,850,645,674]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF30B8DCFF0B45DF7A5C0DCC" box="[247,850,645,674]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFF0B45DF7B9D0DF3" author="Gnther, A." box="[247,659,645,674]" page="250" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1863">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B45DF7B9D0DF3" ID-CoL="4XFX8" authority="Gnther, 1863: 250" authorityName="Gnther" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1863" box="[247,659,645,674]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B45DF78BC0DCC" box="[247,434,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Simotes signatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE4645DE7B9D0DF3" author="Gnther, A." box="[442,659,645,674]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="348 - 365" refId="ref311899" refString="Gnther, A. (1863) Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 12 (71), 348 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936308681536" type="journal article" year="1863">Ģnther, 1863: 250</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFD5F45DF7A4F0DCC" box="[675,833,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B45F37C400C58" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B45F37B980D97" authority="Gunther, 1864: 215" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,662,681,708]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B45F378BC0D90" box="[247,434,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Simotes signatus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF30B8DCFE4645F07B980D97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689767" box="[442,662,681,708]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" location="Smith" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">Günther, 1864: 215</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 20, fig. F, F′.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF30B8DCFCA045F07ACD0D90" box="[860,963,681,707]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(2):
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF30B8DCFC0545F37DAC0D90" box="[1017,1186,681,708]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
.3.20 and 1946.1.3.25; Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFE4B459778E30DB4" box="[439,493,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 503) noted that Smith (1943: 529) designated
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF30B8DCFBCD45977DD90DB4" box="[1073,1239,717,744]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
.3.20 as
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF30B8DCFAD345947C970DB4" box="[1327,1433,717,743]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, but
<location id="0526CCBEFF30B8DCFE7E45A878CB0C58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF30B8DCFE7E45A878CB0C58" box="[386,453,753,779]" country="Singapore" name="Smith" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Smith</location>
only mentioned that the type specimen is at BMNH. Type locality: “
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF30B8DCFB3A45A87C310C58" box="[1222,1343,753,779]" name="Singapore" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Singapore</collectingCountry>
”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DCFF6B444C78240C00" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF6B444C78790C7C" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[151,375,789,815]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Barred Kukri Snake</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF6B446078240C00" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[151,298,825,851]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF30B8DCFF634460782F0C00" box="[159,289,825,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="363.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@363.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="363" captionText="FIGURE 19. A) Liopeltis tricolor, B) Lycodon capucinus, C) Lycodon subannulatus, D) Lycodon subcinctus, E) Oligodon octolineatus, F) Oligodon purpurascens, G) Oligodon signatus, and H) Ptyas carinata. Photographs by: Evan S.H. Quah [A], Alex Figueroa [B, E, G], Mary-Ruth Low [C], Daniel J.J. Ng [D], Benjamin Y.H. Lee [F], and Law Ing Sind [H]," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960357/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Figure 19G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DCFF6B440478760C24" box="[151,376,861,887]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF6B440478760C24" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[151,376,861,887]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF6B440478760C24" bold="true" box="[151,376,861,887]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF30B8DCFF6B4404781E0C24" box="[151,272,861,887]" name="Singapore" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DCFF0B44DB7AC509A8" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B44DB7A4C0B5B" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF30B8DCFF0B44DB7A4C0B5B" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B44DB78B60CC8" ID-CoL="4XFX8" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,440,898,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B44DB78B60CC8" box="[247,440,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Simotes signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFE2844DA7BB70CCF" author="Gnther, A." box="[468,697,897,926]" page="350" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1863">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE2844DA7BB70CCF" author="Gnther, A." box="[468,697,897,926]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="348 - 365" refId="ref311899" refString="Gnther, A. (1863) Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 12 (71), 348 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936308681536" type="journal article" year="1863">Ģnther, 1863: 350</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFD2744DA7A8B0CC8" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[731,901,897,926]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
: xviii, 215.—Theobald, 1876: 228.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFAC344D878B00CEC" author="Dennys, N. B." page="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFAC344D878B00CEC" author="Dennys, N. B." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref302952" refString="Dennys, N. B. (1881 a) The snakes of Singapore III. Singapore Daily Times, 10 January 1881, 2." type="book" year="1881">Dennys, 1881a: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Sclater, 1891a: 25.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFD2544FC7AD50CEC" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[729,987,933,960]" page="226" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFD2544FC7AD50CEC" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[729,987,933,960]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref292451" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. Taylor and Francis, London, xi + 382 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1894">Boulenger, 1894: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFC0044FC7DD90C93" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1020,1239,933,960]" page="885" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC0044FC7DD90C93" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1020,1239,933,960]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 885</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFB0444FC788C0CB0" author="Flower, S. S." page="672" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFB0444FC788C0CB0" author="Flower, S. S." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 672</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFE5F44907B780CB0" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[419,630,969,995]" page="12" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE5F44907B780CB0" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[419,630,969,995]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="7 - 16" refId="ref312380" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1899) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1898. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 7 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1899">Hanitsch, 1899: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Botanic Gardens).—Ridley, 1899: 198, 208.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFB7444907C770CB7" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1160,1401,969,996]" page="150" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFB7444907C770CB7" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1160,1401,969,996]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 150</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFEAB44B47B370B54" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[343,569,1005,1031]" page="16" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFEAB44B47B370B54" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[343,569,1005,1031]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 16</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFDA744B47A300B5B" author="de Rooij, N." box="[603,830,1005,1032]" page="125" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFDA744B47A300B5B" author="de Rooij, N." box="[603,830,1005,1032]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917: 125</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B43487BCD0B78" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" box="[247,707,1041,1067]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B434878DE0B78" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1912" box="[247,464,1041,1067]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Holarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B434878DE0B78" box="[247,464,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Holarchus signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sworder, 1923: 64.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B436C7C3F09E0" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B436C78C40B1C" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[247,458,1077,1103]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B436C78C40B1C" box="[247,458,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Oligodon signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF30B8DCFE14436C7B220B1C" box="[488,556,1077,1103]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1943: 529.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFD28436C7AB20B03" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[724,956,1077,1104]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 557</bibRefCitation>
.—Tweedie, 1952: 6 (Thomson Road).— Tweedie, 1953: 48.—Tweedie, 1954: 109.—Tweedie, 1961: 50.—D.H. Murphy, 1973: 59 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—Tweedie, 1983: 53.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE3B43F87B750BE8" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[455,635,1185,1211]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 146</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFD1343F87A9D0BE8" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[751,915,1185,1211]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref325751" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1993 b) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 6 (3 - 4), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1993">Lim, 1993b: 1</bibRefCitation>
(Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFA9243F87B230BB3" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref326428" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5." type="journal article" year="1994">Lim &amp; Subaraj, 1994: 5</bibRefCitation>
(Shinto Temple [MNF]).—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC5E439C7D910BB3" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[930,1183,1221,1248]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFC1A439F7D110B8C" box="[998,1055,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFAEE439C788F0A50" author="Lim, K. K. P." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="213 - 227" refId="ref325841" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1994 b) Reptiles. In: Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 213 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1994">Lim, 1994b: 331</bibRefCitation>
.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE1F43B07B930A50" author="Chou, L. M." box="[483,669,1257,1284]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. &amp; Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 148</bibRefCitation>
.—R. Subaraj
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFCC043B37A7A0A50" box="[828,884,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 2 (MacRitchie North [MNF]).—K. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFA7443B3787A0A74" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 13 (Rifle Range Road).—K. Lim, 1995: 15 (Seletar Track [Three-Stone Hill, NSSF]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFEAB42687B9E0A18" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." box="[343,656,1329,1355]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel, 1996: 103</bibRefCitation>
.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 382 (MacRitchie North Forest; Taban &amp; Lasia Valleys [BTNR]; Three-Stone Hill [NSSF]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFBF5420C7C420A23" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[1033,1356,1365,1392]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 75</bibRefCitation>
.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE0042207BA30AC0" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[508,685,1401,1427]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 146</bibRefCitation>
.—T.M. Leong &amp; L.L. Grismer, 2004: 15.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 105, 161.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFD5142C77BE80AE4" box="[685,742,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 164, 265.—Tillack &amp; R. Ģnther, 2009: 280.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFE7C429B78B60A88" box="[384,440,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 272.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 105, 161.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFBE542987DCF0A8F" author="Das, I." box="[1049,1217,1473,1500]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 58</bibRefCitation>
.—Vassilieva 2013: 243.—Xu &amp; Y.T. Teo, 2013: 82, 83 (Chestnut Track [CTF]).—Stuebing
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFB5842BF7DD10AAC" box="[1188,1247,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 197.—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFA7442BF787A0970" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, Thomas &amp; J. Chua, 2014: 163, 164 (MacRitchie Reservoir Forest).—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFAEC41537C420970" box="[1296,1356,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 503.—M.A.H.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFDF841747BCB091B" author="Chua, M. A. H." box="[516,709,1581,1608]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref298636" refString="Chua, M. A. H. (2015 c) Temasekia: 50 Plants and Animals Native to Singapore. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, 87 pp." type="book" year="2015">Chua, 2015c: 59</bibRefCitation>
.—I.S.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFCE941777D8D0914" author="Law, I. S. &amp; Groenewoud, D." box="[789,1155,1581,1608]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="41" refId="ref321164" refString="Law, I. S. &amp; Groenewoud, D. (2015 a) Barred kukri snake at eastern MacRitchie. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 41." type="journal article" year="2015">Law &amp; Groenewoud, 2015a: 41</bibRefCitation>
(MacRitchie forest near Venus Drive [WNP]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFD9241087A1F0938" author="Das, I." box="[622,785,1617,1643]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 70</bibRefCitation>
.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Thomas, 2019: 163, 181 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFDCE412C7A1909C3" author="Charlton, T." box="[562,791,1653,1680]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 185</bibRefCitation>
.—K.H.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC84412C7D2009DC" author="Koh, K. H." box="[888,1070,1653,1679]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="220 - 222" refId="ref318876" refString="Koh, K. H. (2020) Blue Malayan coral snake preying on a pink-headed reed snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 220 - 222." type="journal article" year="2020">Koh, 2020: 222</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFB63412C7C3B09DC" author="Lim K. K. P." box="[1183,1333,1653,1679]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref326243" refString="Lim K. K. P. (2020) Snakes and lizards recorded by Alexander Cross in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No.), 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2020">Lim, 2020: 2</bibRefCitation>
, 5 (Sime Road Internment Camp [= SICC]).—I.T.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFCDA41C37AF409E0" author="Law, I. T. &amp; Law, I. S. &amp; Seow G. &amp; Pwee T." box="[806,1018,1689,1716]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref321691" refString="Law, I. T., Law, I. S., Seow G. &amp; Pwee T. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Barred kukri snake in Bukit Batok Nature Park. Nature in Singapore, 15 (e 2022010), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2022">
Law
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFCA341C37A9909E0" box="[863,919,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022: 1
</bibRefCitation>
(Bukit Batok Nature Park).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DCFF0B41E47AC509A8" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF30B8DCFF0B41E47AC509A8" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFF0B41E47B050984" box="[247,523,1725,1751]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Holarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF0B41E47B050984" box="[247,523,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Holarchus purpurascens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFDD641E47BD60984" author="Cross, A." box="[554,728,1725,1751]" page="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFDD641E47BD60984" author="Cross, A." box="[554,728,1725,1751]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref300113" refString="Cross, A. (2020 g) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during December 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 7), 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF30B8DCFDD641E47B650984" box="[554,619,1725,1751]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cross</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="C7013780FF30B8DCFD8941E47BCE0984" box="[629,704,1725,1751]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.02" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="g" value="2020.0">2020g</quantity>
: 1
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 2 (Sime Road Camp).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFC0B41E47DA80984" author="Cross, A." box="[1015,1190,1725,1751]" page="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC0B41E47DA80984" author="Cross, A." box="[1015,1190,1725,1751]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref300295" refString="Cross, A. (2020 k) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during April 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. 11), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF30B8DCFC0B41E47D370984" box="[1015,1081,1725,1751]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cross</collectingRegion>
, 2020k: 1
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Sime Road Camp [= SICC]).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF30B8DCFE3641B87B7B09A8" author="Cross, A." box="[458,629,1761,1787]" page="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFE3641B87B7B09A8" author="Cross, A." box="[458,629,1761,1787]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1" refId="ref300339" refString="Cross, A. (2020 l) Belated reports on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, for March and April 1945. 2020 (Spec. No. 12), 1." type="journal article" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF30B8DCFE3641B87B0309A8" box="[458,525,1761,1787]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cross</collectingRegion>
, 2020l: 1
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Sime Road Camp [= SICC]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF30B8DDFF6B405C788D0C0E" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF30B8DDFF6B405C7DFF0C46" blockId="170.[151,1437,609,2042]" lastBlockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFF6B405C7805084C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1797,1823]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</emphasis>
Tillack &amp; Ģnther (2009) noted that several authors called into question the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFAE7405F7C92084C" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1307,1436,1798,1824]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFAE7405F7C210873" box="[1307,1327,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFAC3405F7C92084C" box="[1343,1436,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF30B8DCFEE9407078870810" box="[277,393,1833,1859]" name="Singapore" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, beginning with
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFDBA40727BFB0810" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[582,757,1833,1862]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther (1864)</bibRefCitation>
who noted that the
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF30B8DCFC2A40737D730810" box="[982,1149,1833,1860]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
he examined are “said to be from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF30B8DCFEA6401478C10834" box="[346,463,1869,1895]" name="Singapore" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Singapore</collectingCountry>
; but whether this is their real native place, or they have been merely procured there, is uncertain”. It is likely that subsequent authors are referring to
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC2E402A7D8D08D8" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[978,1155,1905,1934]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther (1864)</bibRefCitation>
. However, not long after
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFF0B40CE78A908FC" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[247,423,1941,1970]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther (1864)</bibRefCitation>
, Sclater (1891) reported a specimen collected by Davison, and
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFB9240CC7C2A08FC" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1134,1316,1941,1967]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="7 - 16" refId="ref312380" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1899) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1898. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 7 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1899">Hanitsch (1899)</bibRefCitation>
reported a specimen collected by Ridley at SBG in
<date id="7447BCA5FF30B8DCFD4840E07A350880" box="[692,827,1977,2003]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="1897-03">March 1897</date>
which he found under a pile of tiles (Ridley 1899). The first report of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF30B8DCFE6940877B1B08A4" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[405,533,2014,2040]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFE69408778A708AB" box="[405,425,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="328D4677FF30B8DCFE4440877B1B08A4" box="[440,533,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF30B8DCFDA040847BC008A4" box="[604,718,2013,2039]" name="Singapore" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Singapore</collectingCountry>
comes from
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF30B8DCFC9E40867D1E08A4" author="Gnther, A." box="[866,1040,2013,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="348 - 365" refId="ref311899" refString="Gnther, A. (1863) Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 12 (71), 348 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936308681536" type="journal article" year="1863">Ģnther (1863)</bibRefCitation>
who noted that NHMUK procured new specimens in 1863. A year later,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFD4E47C17A6D0FE2" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[690,867,151,179]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther (1864)</bibRefCitation>
used the specimens to describe
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFB1C47CE7C6D0FE3" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1248,1379,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB1C47CE7DFA0FE2" box="[1248,1268,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFAFA47CE7C6D0FE3" box="[1286,1379,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species, but he was unsure whether the specimens originated from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFBD547E27D950F86" box="[1065,1179,187,213]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF31B8DDFB5647E27C0E0F86" box="[1194,1280,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[144,246,465,494]" captionTargetBox="[162,2007,508,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Checklist of 39 taxa with Singapore as type locality." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF9FB873FF6C46887AAA0EBD" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF9FB873FF6C46887AAA0EBD">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In addition, he described each specimen as a variety. Indeed,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFCD747867AFD0FAA" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[811,1011,223,249]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref292451" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. Taylor and Francis, London, xi + 382 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1894">Boulenger (1894)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that Hardwicke and Haslar collected the
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF31B8DDFE76465A7B210E4E" box="[394,559,259,285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFD8D465A7BE80E4E" box="[625,742,259,285]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFD0C465A7A860E4E" author="Cross, A." box="[752,904,259,285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref300113" refString="Cross, A. (2020 g) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during December 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 7), 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="2020">
Cross (
<quantity id="C7013780FF31B8DDFCC2465A7A860E4E" box="[830,904,259,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.02" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" unit="g" value="2020.0">2020g</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
, k) recorded a few individuals in 1944 that went unpublished until now (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFDF7467E7B8E0E12" author="Lim K. K. P." box="[523,640,295,321]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref326243" refString="Lim K. K. P. (2020) Snakes and lizards recorded by Alexander Cross in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No.), 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2020">Lim 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Later, Tweedie (1952) reported ZRC.2.3872 donated by Southwell-Sander in 1951 that was collected from Thomson Road, and he also referenced ZRC.2.3871 which was also collected from Thomson Road in
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFD5446367A6F0EDA" box="[680,865,367,393]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1904-11">November 1904</date>
. Murphy (1973) mentioned
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFB5C46367C110EDB" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1184,1311,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB5C46367DBA0EDA" box="[1184,1204,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB3E46367C110EDB" box="[1218,1311,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at BTNR, but field observations were not made until 41 years later (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF31B8DDFBF846CA7D520EFE" box="[1028,1116,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
) when a roadkill was found on the main road of BTNR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFDAF46EE7A080E82" box="[595,774,439,465]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1993-08-27">27 August 1993</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFCEB46EE7A990E82" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[791,919,439,465]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref325751" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1993 b) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 6 (3 - 4), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1993">Lim 1993b</bibRefCitation>
). Thereafter,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFBD146EE7DA30E83" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1069,1197,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFBD146EE7D4F0E82" box="[1069,1089,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFBAC46EE7DA30E83" box="[1104,1197,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported several times from around CNR, mainly as roadkill (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFD0046827AE50EA6" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." box="[764,1003,475,501]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref326428" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5." type="journal article" year="1994">Lim &amp; Subaraj 1994</bibRefCitation>
; Subaraj
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFBAB46827D9F0EA6" box="[1111,1169,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
1995; Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFAE646827C5A0EA6" box="[1306,1364,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
1995; Lim 1995; Teo &amp; Rajathurai 1997). The only reported observations after this time was of one photographed at NSSF on
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFE7F457A7B550D6E" box="[387,603,547,573]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2010-12-24">24 December 2010</date>
(R. Ngiam pers. comm.), one being eaten by a
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFB87457A78800D32" authority="(Xu &amp; Teo 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB87457A7C670D6E" box="[1147,1385,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Calliophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
(Xu &amp; Teo 2013)
</taxonomicName>
, three from around MacRitchie (Thomas &amp; Chua 2014;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFBE3451E7C500D32" author="Law, I. S. &amp; Groenewoud, D." box="[1055,1374,582,609]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="41" refId="ref321164" refString="Law, I. S. &amp; Groenewoud, D. (2015 a) Barred kukri snake at eastern MacRitchie. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 41." type="journal article" year="2015">Law &amp; Groenewoud 2015a</bibRefCitation>
), one encountered during the BTNR surveys (Teo &amp; Thomas 2019), and one seen at BBNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFB1545327C920DD6" box="[1257,1436,619,645]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2021-08-13">13 August 2021</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF31B8DDFEFC45D678B90DFA" author="Law, I. T. &amp; Law, I. S. &amp; Seow G. &amp; Pwee T." box="[256,439,655,681]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref321691" refString="Law, I. T., Law, I. S., Seow G. &amp; Pwee T. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Barred kukri snake in Bukit Batok Nature Park. Nature in Singapore, 15 (e 2022010), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2022">
Law
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFEC645D6787D0DFA" box="[314,371,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). The individual illustrated in
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF31B8DDFCF745D67A820DFA" box="[779,908,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="363.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@363.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="363" captionText="FIGURE 19. A) Liopeltis tricolor, B) Lycodon capucinus, C) Lycodon subannulatus, D) Lycodon subcinctus, E) Oligodon octolineatus, F) Oligodon purpurascens, G) Oligodon signatus, and H) Ptyas carinata. Photographs by: Evan S.H. Quah [A], Alex Figueroa [B, E, G], Mary-Ruth Low [C], Daniel J.J. Ng [D], Benjamin Y.H. Lee [F], and Law Ing Sind [H]," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960357/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figure 19G</figureCitation>
was photographed at RRNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFB0445D67C920DFA" box="[1272,1436,655,681]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2017-08-07">7 August 2017</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.). A photograph posted on Facebook by ‘Acura’ of one at NTU in
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFB2E45EA7C8D0D9E" box="[1234,1411,691,717]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2010-12">December 2010</date>
is the only record outside of the Central Forests. LKCNHM also has specimens from 1969, 2000, 2010, 2013, and 2017, and BPBM has one collected by Hendrickson from ENAF on
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFBDE45A27DE20C46" box="[1058,1260,762,789]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1959-02-26">26 February 1959</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B4447788D0C0E" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B444778240C6B" bold="true" box="[151,298,798,824]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to CNR and surrounding Nature Parks and forests, and one record adjacent to WC. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF31B8DDFF6B443F7A9A092E" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B443F7B960CD2" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" box="[151,664,870,897]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B443F7B0A0CD2" bold="true" box="[151,516,870,897]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFF6B443F781E0CD3" box="[151,272,870,896]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B44D37B090CF6" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" box="[151,519,906,933]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B44D378AF0CF7" bold="true" box="[151,417,906,932]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B44F77BDB0C9A" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" box="[151,725,942,969]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B44F778DC0C9A" bold="true" box="[151,466,942,969]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2013].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B448B7D5C0B96" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B448B7ACB0CBF" bold="true" box="[151,965,978,1005]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFF6B448B7ACE0CBF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687604" box="[151,960,978,1005]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFF6B448B78160CBF" box="[151,280,978,1004]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFEC3448A78A30CBE" box="[319,429,979,1005]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF31B8DDFE49448A7B130CBE" box="[437,541,979,1005]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Museum</collectorName>
specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFD50448B7A2B0CBF" box="[684,805,978,1004]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFC30448A7D780CBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687901" box="[972,1142,979,1005]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF31B8DDFC30448A7D780CBE" box="[972,1142,979,1005]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.3.20 (no date) [
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF31B8DDFADB448A7C9F0CBE" box="[1319,1425,979,1005]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
],
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFF0B44AE78A80B42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688767" box="[247,422,1014,1041]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF31B8DDFF0B44AE78A80B42" box="[247,422,1014,1041]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFE5544AF7AB60B43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689463" box="[425,952,1014,1041]" country="Singapore" location="Botanic Gardens" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
3.25 (no date) [
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF31B8DDFD9F44AE7BC00B42" box="[611,718,1015,1041]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
];
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD1944AF7AB60B43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD1944AF7AB60B43" box="[741,952,1014,1040]" country="Singapore" name="Botanic Gardens" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD1944AF7AB60B43" bold="true" box="[741,952,1014,1040]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Botanic Gardens</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFC4B44AF7AB20B43" bold="true" box="[951,956,1014,1040]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFC3444AE7D0F0B42" box="[968,1025,1015,1041]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFBF844AE784E0B66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689189" collectingDate="1898-08" collectionCode="SRF" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Kalang" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
2.3873 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFB9B44AE7DD00B42" box="[1127,1246,1015,1041]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1898-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFB9B44AE7DD00B42" box="[1127,1246,1015,1041]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1898-08">Aug-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB0A44AF784E0B66" bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFB0A44AF7C920B42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFB0A44AF7C920B42" box="[1270,1436,1014,1041]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Kalang" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bukit Kalang</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFF024343783B0B67" box="[254,309,1050,1076]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14015" name="Shangrao Forestry Institute" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">SRF</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFEBC434278460B66" bold="true" box="[320,328,1051,1077]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFEAA43427A450B67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689698" box="[342,843,1050,1077]" collectingDate="2010-10-28" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="Bukit Timah" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFEAA434278800B66" box="[342,398,1051,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6919 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFE0B43427B820B66" box="[503,652,1051,1077]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2010-10-28">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFE0B43427B820B66" box="[503,652,1051,1077]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2010-10-28">28-Oct-2010</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF31B8DDFD5B43437A450B67" box="[679,843,1050,1076]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD5B43437A450B67" bold="true" box="[679,843,1050,1076]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bukit Timah</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFCB743437A5E0B67" bold="true" box="[843,848,1050,1076]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFCA243437A980B66" box="[862,918,1050,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFC66434378570B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688992" collectingDate="1896-09-04" collectionCode="BTNR" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Timah Forest" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
2.3958 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFC0343427D860B66" box="[1023,1160,1051,1077]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1896-09-04">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFC0343427D860B66" box="[1023,1160,1051,1077]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1896-09-04">4-Sep-1896</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB5F434378570B0A" bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFB5F43437C930B66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFB5F43437C930B66" box="[1187,1437,1050,1077]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Timah Forest" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bukit Timah Forest</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFEFD436678410B0A" box="[257,335,1087,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">BTNR</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFEA54366786F0B0A" bold="true" box="[345,353,1087,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFE9443667AF50B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688684" box="[360,1019,1086,1113]" collectingDate="1969-07-15" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFE94436678AF0B0A" box="[360,417,1087,1113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3203 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFDFE43677B800B0A" box="[514,654,1086,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1969-07-15">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFDFE43677B800B0A" box="[514,654,1086,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1969-07-15">15-Jul-1969</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD5E43677AF50B0A" bold="true" box="[674,1019,1086,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD5E43677AF50B0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD5E43677AF50B0A" box="[674,1019,1086,1113]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</location>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFBF5436678590B2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689774" collectingDate="1993-08-27" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="Hume Heights" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFBF543667D4F0B0A" box="[1033,1089,1087,1113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3388 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFB5F43667C4E0B0A" box="[1187,1344,1087,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1993-08-27">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFB5F43667C4E0B0A" box="[1187,1344,1087,1113]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1993-08-27">27-Aug-1993</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF31B8DDFAAF436678590B2F" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFAAF436678590B2F" bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Hume Heights</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFEAB433B78520B2F" bold="true" box="[343,348,1122,1148]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFE9D433A78970B2E" box="[353,409,1123,1149]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFE61433A7D510B2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688645" box="[413,1119,1122,1149]" collectingDate="2000-01-15" collectionCode="RRNP" country="Singapore" location="Kampung Trail" municipality="Durian Loop" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
2.4842 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFE05433B7B850B2E" box="[505,651,1122,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2000-01-15">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFE05433B7B850B2E" box="[505,651,1122,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2000-01-15">15-Jan-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD60433A7D510B2E" bold="true" box="[668,1119,1122,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD60433A7A5B0B2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFD60433A7A5B0B2F" box="[668,853,1122,1149]" country="Singapore" municipality="Durian Loop" name="Kampung Trail" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Kampung Trail</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFF31B8DDFCA3433B7AF60B2E" box="[863,1016,1122,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Durian Loop</collectingMunicipality>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFBFB433A7D5B0B2E" box="[1031,1109,1123,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">RRNP</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFBA3433A7D690B2E" bold="true" box="[1119,1127,1123,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFB90433A7DAA0B2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687342" box="[1132,1188,1123,1149]" collectingDate="2000-01-15" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Kampung Trail" municipality="Durian Loop" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFB90433A7DAA0B2E" box="[1132,1188,1123,1149]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFB5B433A7B3F0BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689071" collectingDate="2017-07-11" collectionCode="MNF" country="Singapore" location="MacRitchie Forest" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
2.7274 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFAF8433A7C9E0B2E" box="[1284,1424,1123,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2017-07-11">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFAF8433A7C9E0B2E" box="[1284,1424,1123,1149]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2017-07-11">11-Jul-2017</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF0B43DF7B3F0BF2" bold="true" box="[247,561,1158,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFF0B43DF78DB0BF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFF0B43DF78DB0BF2" box="[247,469,1158,1185]" country="Singapore" name="MacRitchie Forest" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">MacRitchie Forest</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFE1843DE7B280BF2" box="[484,550,1159,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">MNF</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFDCD43DE7B370BF2" bold="true" box="[561,569,1159,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFDBC43DE7DC10BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688254" box="[576,1231,1158,1185]" collectingDate="1994-08-14" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFDBC43DE7B760BF2" box="[576,632,1159,1185]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3400 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFD2643DE7A790BF2" box="[730,887,1159,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1994-08-14">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFD2643DE7A790BF2" box="[730,887,1159,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1994-08-14">14-Aug-1994</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFC7743DF7DC10BF2" bold="true" box="[907,1231,1158,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
Old
<location id="0526CCBEFF31B8DDFC3C43DE7DC10BF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF30B8DDFF6B45387A9A092E:0526CCBEFF31B8DDFC3C43DE7DC10BF2" box="[960,1231,1159,1185]" country="Singapore" name="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Upper Thomson Road</location>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB3343DE7DDA0BF2" bold="true" box="[1231,1236,1159,1185]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFB2743DE7B310B96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689388" collectingDate="2013-05-05" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="Thomson Road" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFB2743DE7C1D0BF2" box="[1243,1299,1159,1185]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7007 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFA8A43DF787E0B96" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2013-05-05">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFA8A43DF787E0B96" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="2013-05-05">05- May-2013</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF31B8DDFE7843F27B310B96" box="[388,575,1195,1221]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFE7843F27B310B96" bold="true" box="[388,575,1195,1221]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Thomson Road</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFDC343F27B4A0B96" bold="true" box="[575,580,1195,1221]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF31B8DDFDB743F27A6D0B96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688828" box="[587,867,1195,1221]" collectingDate="1904-11" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFDB743F27B8A0B96" box="[587,644,1195,1221]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3871 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF31B8DDFD1943F27A550B96" box="[741,859,1195,1221]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1904-11">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF31B8DDFD1943F27A550B96" box="[741,859,1195,1221]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" value="1904-11">Nov-1904</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFC9343F27AA90B96" box="[879,935,1195,1221]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3872 (1951).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B43977C850BBA" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" box="[151,1419,1230,1257]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B43977AA60BBB" bold="true" box="[151,936,1230,1257]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFEE2439778990BBB" box="[286,407,1230,1256]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFD6D43977A040BBB" box="[657,778,1230,1256]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFC4C43967D0B0BBA" box="[944,1029,1231,1257]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">ZMUC</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFBF343967C210BBA" bold="true" box="[1039,1327,1230,1257]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Eng Neo Avenue Forest:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF31B8DDFACA43967C890BBA" box="[1334,1415,1231,1257]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B43AB7ABA0ACE" blockId="171.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B43AB78850A5F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1266,1292]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF31B8DDFF6B43AB781E0A5F" box="[151,272,1266,1292]" name="Singapore" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Bukit Batok Nature Park—Bukit Timah (not specified)—Bukit Timah Nature Reserve— Chestnut Track Forest—Eng Neo Avenue Forest—Hume Heights—MacRitchie North Forest—Nanyang Technological University Jurong Campus—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Old Upper Thomson Road—Rifle Range Nature Park—Rifle Range Road—Sime Road Forest—Singapore Botanic Gardens—Singapore Island Country Club—Thomson Road—Windsor Nature Park.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFDD641597D040949" blockId="171.[554,1034,1536,1562]" box="[554,1034,1536,1562]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFDD641597D040949" bold="true" box="[554,1034,1536,1562]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFD7D41597A8D0949" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[641,899,1536,1562]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD7D41597BCC0949" bold="true" box="[641,706,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ptyas</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(3 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF31B8DDFF6B41667A9A092E" blockId="171.[151,1436,1599,1661]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFF6B41667B31090A" authority="Fitzinger, 1843: 26" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,575,1599,1625]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Macrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ptyas">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFF6B416679F4090B" box="[151,250,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Macrops</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFEF341667843090B" box="[271,333,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ptyas</emphasis>
) Fitzinger, 1843: 26
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF31B8DDFDAF41667B8B090A" box="[595,645,1599,1625]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFD0841667DAA090A" authority="Merrem, 1820" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[756,1188,1599,1625]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blumenbachii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFD0841667AFA090A" box="[756,1012,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Coluber blumenbachii</emphasis>
Merrem, 1820
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF31B8DDFB28416678A7092E" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF31B8DDFB2841667C92090B" box="[1236,1436,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Coluber mucosus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
], by original designation; gender feminine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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