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<mods:title id="B5544EE535A87BCB9530846ED48880C5">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF14C62A3963EB9EDC8881BADC73CB7C">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8EEB748B8636EE9C2BBCAB2D1D83D08">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B808B5E02B1951409360800CE7F34FF" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3264D9ED8636B7F635DBD9DB8CD000C4">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AC3DFDBAAE0D0B35C3DB023CEA79889D">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF26B8CBFF6B44127A080B78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF26B8CBFF6B44127A080B78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF26B8CBFF6B44127A080B78" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CAFF6B44127BB90C37" box="[151,695,842,869]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF6B44127BB90C37" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[151,695,842,869]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF26B8CAFF6B44127BB90C37" box="[151,695,842,869]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFF6B44127B4A0C36" authority="(Schneider, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,580,842,869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF6B441278760C37" bold="true" box="[151,376,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bungarus fasciatus</emphasis>
(Schneider, 1801)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFD9F44137BB90C37" bold="true" box="[611,695,842,868]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CAFF0B443678DA0C82" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF0B443678DA0C82" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFF0B44367A130CDA" authority="Schneider, 1801: 283 - 284" authorityName="Schneider" authorityPageNumber="283 - 284" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,797,879,905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pseudoboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF0B443678EF0CDB" box="[247,481,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pseudoboa Fasciata</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF26B8CAFE1744367A130CDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689482" box="[491,797,879,905]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="India" location="Russell" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCode="ZMB 2771-72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">Schneider, 1801: 283–284</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF26B8CAFCD744367A9C0CDA" box="[811,914,879,905]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(2):
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF26B8CAFC2C44367D720CDA" box="[976,1148,879,905]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="Museum">ZMB 2771–72</specimenCode>
, by original designation. Type locality: “Indien” (=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFD7B44CA7BCB0CFE" box="[647,709,915,941]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
); later restricted to “Mansoor Cottah, Bengal,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFB2A44CA7C1C0CFE" box="[1238,1298,915,941]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
” by
<location id="0526CCBEFF26B8CAFAB644CA7C920CFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF26B8CBFF6B44127A080B78:0526CCBEFF26B8CAFAB644CA7C920CFE" box="[1354,1436,915,941]" country="India" name="Russell" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Russell</location>
(1801: 53).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CAFF6B4482782B0B4A" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF6B448278200CA6" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[151,302,987,1013]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Banded Krait</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF6B44A6782B0B4A" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[151,293,1023,1049]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF26B8CAFF6344A678130B4A" box="[159,285,1023,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="365.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@365.[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="365" captionText="FIGURE 21. A) Xenochrophis vittatus, B) Sibynophis melanocephalus, C) Cylindrophis ruffus, D) Aipysurus eydouxii, E) Aipysurus eydouxii, F) Bungarus fasciatus, G) Calliophis bivirgatus, and H) Calliophis gracilis. Photographs by: Thio Hui Bing [A], Alex Figueroa [B], Nick Baker [C], Kelvin K.P. Lim [D], Ria Tan [E], Law Ing Sind [F], Mary-Ruth Low [G], and Evan S.H. Quah [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960361/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Figure 21F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CAFF6B437B78760B6E" box="[151,376,1058,1085]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF6B437B78760B6E" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[151,376,1058,1085]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF6B437B78760B6E" bold="true" box="[151,376,1058,1085]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFF6B437B781E0B6F" box="[151,272,1058,1084]" name="Singapore" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CAFF0B431E7A0509BA" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF0B431E7A4109F2" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF26B8CAFF0B431E7A4109F2" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFF0B431E78DB0B32" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[247,469,1095,1121]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF0B431E78DB0B32" box="[247,469,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bungarus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Peters, 1859: 271.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFD1F431E7ABA0B32" author="Dennys, N. B." box="[739,948,1095,1121]" page="3" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFD1F431E7ABA0B32" author="Dennys, N. B." box="[739,948,1095,1121]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref302898" refString="Dennys, N. B. (1880 a) The snakes of Singapore I. Singapore Daily Times, 20 December 1880, 2 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1880">Dennys, 1880a: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFC29431E7DC70B32" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[981,1225,1095,1121]" page="216" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFC29431E7DC70B32" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[981,1225,1095,1121]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford, 1881: 216</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFB16431E787B0BD6" author="Davison, W." page="89" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFB16431E787B0BD6" author="Davison, W." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref302240" refString="Davison, W. (1892) The snakes of Singapore. Singapore and Straits Directory, 1892, 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1892">Davison, 1892: 89</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 92.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFE3E43327B990BD6" author="Flower, S. S." box="[450,663,1131,1157]" page="893" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFE3E43327B990BD6" author="Flower, S. S." box="[450,663,1131,1157]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 893</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFD4543327A9E0BD6" author="Flower, S. S." box="[697,912,1131,1157]" page="689" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFD4543327A9E0BD6" author="Flower, S. S." box="[697,912,1131,1157]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 689</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 209.—Sworder, 1923: 71.— Sworder, 1924a: 19, 20 (Pulau Ayer Merbau).—Sworder, 1924b: 22 (Tanglin [= TF]).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFABE43D678B50B9E" author="Buddle, R." page="21" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFABE43D678B50B9E" author="Buddle, R." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref293589" refString="Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly &amp; Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp." type="book" year="1929">Buddle, 1929: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Sembawang Naval Base [= SML]).—Smith, 1930: 67 (“near
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFB7C43EA7DFC0B9E" box="[1152,1266,1203,1229]" name="Singapore" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Singapore</collectingCountry>
town”).—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFEAB438E7B260BA2" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[343,552,1239,1265]" page="27" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFEAB438E7B260BA2" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[343,552,1239,1265]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson, 1964: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Sharma, 1973: 235.—F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFC6A438E7D360BA2" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[918,1080,1239,1265]" page="17" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFC6A438E7D360BA2" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[918,1080,1239,1265]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim, 1984: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—F.L.K. Lim &amp; M.T.-M. Lee, 1989: 115.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFE1143A27A200A46" author="Gopalakrishnakone, P." box="[493,814,1275,1301]" page="3" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFE1143A27A200A46" author="Gopalakrishnakone, P." box="[493,814,1275,1301]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref308195" refString="Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1990) A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. Singapore University Press, Singapore, 156 pp." type="book" year="1990">Gopalakrishnakone, 1990: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—F.L.K. Lim, 1991: 74.—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFDE542467BE70A6A" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[537,745,1311,1337]" page="38" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFDE542467BE70A6A" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[537,745,1311,1337]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref316808" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp." type="book" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFBFF42467DA60A6A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1027,1192,1311,1337]" page="86" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFBFF42467DA60A6A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1027,1192,1311,1337]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 86</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 148.—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFABF424678F80A0E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." page="105" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFABF424678F80A0E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFA744246787A0A0E" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFDE4421B7A440A0E" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." box="[536,842,1346,1373]" page="144" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFDE4421B7A440A0E" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." box="[536,842,1346,1373]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel, 1996: 144</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFC90421A7C0E0A0E" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." box="[876,1280,1347,1373]" page="417" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFC90421A7C0E0A0E" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." box="[876,1280,1347,1373]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997: 417</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFADD421A78B70AD2" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; van Dijk, P. P. &amp; Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K." page="30" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFADD421A78B70AD2" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; van Dijk, P. P. &amp; Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref299700" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Cox
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFAA7421A7C980A0E" box="[1371,1430,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998: 30
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFDB1423E7B880AD2" box="[589,646,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 37.—E.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFCA8423E7D000AD2" author="Chua, E. K." box="[852,1038,1383,1409]" page="118" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFCA8423E7D000AD2" author="Chua, E. K." box="[852,1038,1383,1409]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref298002" refString="Chua, E. K. (2000) Pulau Ubin. Ours to Treasure. Simply Green, Singapore, 140 pp." type="book" year="2000">Chua, 2000: 118</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Pulau Ubin).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFB3B423E78C70AF6" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." page="120" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFB3B423E78C70AF6" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 120</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFD3C42D27A630AF6" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[704,877,1419,1445]" page="148" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFD3C42D27A630AF6" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[704,877,1419,1445]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 115, 161.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFE7342F678C70A9A" box="[399,457,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 166, 265 (Khatib Bongsu; Lim Chu Kang; Pulau Ubin; Pulau Tekong; Sungei Buloh [SBWR]).—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFD59428A7BD20ABE" box="[677,732,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 168.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFC80428A7D2D0ABE" author="Das, I." box="[892,1059,1491,1517]" page="313" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFC80428A7D2D0ABE" author="Das, I." box="[892,1059,1491,1517]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 313</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFBB8428A7C740ABE" author="Chanhome, L. &amp; Cox, M. J. &amp; Vasaruchapong, T. &amp; Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V." box="[1092,1402,1490,1517]" page="315" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFBB8428A7C740ABE" author="Chanhome, L. &amp; Cox, M. J. &amp; Vasaruchapong, T. &amp; Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V." box="[1092,1402,1490,1517]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="311 - 328" refId="ref295739" refString="Chanhome, L., Cox, M. J., Vasaruchapong, T., Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V. (2011) Characterization of venomous snakes of Thailand. Asian Biomedicine, 5 (3), 311 - 328." type="journal article" year="2011">
Chanhome
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFB3A428A7DF00ABE" box="[1222,1278,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 315
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFE3342AE7B060942" box="[463,520,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 302.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 115, 161.—de
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFB6A42AE787A0966" author="Chambrier, A. de &amp; Binh, T. T. &amp; Scholz, T." page="45" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFB6A42AE787A0966" author="Chambrier, A. de &amp; Binh, T. T. &amp; Scholz, T." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref294710" refString="Chambrier, A. de, Binh, T. T. &amp; Scholz, T. (2012) Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda), a parasite of Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) from Vietnam, with comments on relative ovarian size as a new and potentially useful diagnostic character for proteocephalidean tapeworms. Systematic Parasitology, 81 (1), 39 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 011 - 9320 - 0" type="journal article" year="2012">
Chambrier
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFAE942AE7C400942" box="[1301,1358,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 45
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFE6B41437B300966" author="Das, I." box="[407,574,1562,1589]" page="89" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFE6B41437B300966" author="Das, I." box="[407,574,1562,1589]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 89</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—H.H. Tan, 2013: 2 (Pulau Ubin).—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFBBE41427D740966" box="[1090,1146,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 128.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFA744142787A090A" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 250.—K.K.P.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFD9941667A5E090A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[613,848,1599,1625]" page="184" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFD9941667A5E090A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[613,848,1599,1625]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFD6741667BDC090A" box="[667,722,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 184
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Pulau Tekong).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFBD941667C75090A" author="Ahsan, M. F. &amp; Rahman, M. M." box="[1061,1403,1599,1625]" page="9907" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFBD941667C75090A" author="Ahsan, M. F. &amp; Rahman, M. M." box="[1061,1403,1599,1625]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="9903 - 9910" refId="ref286936" refString="Ahsan, M. F. &amp; Rahman, M. M. (2017) Status, distribution and threats of kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) in Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 9 (3), 9903 - 9910. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 2929.9.3.9903 - 9910" type="journal article" year="2017">Ahsan &amp; Rahman, 2017: 9907</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFEAB413A7B3A092E" author="de Lang, R." box="[343,564,1634,1661]" page="245" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFEAB413A7B3A092E" author="de Lang, R." box="[343,564,1634,1661]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref302593" refString="de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp." type="book" year="2017">de Lang, 2017: 245</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFDAA413B7A37092E" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; Hoover, M. F. &amp; Chanhome, L. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C." box="[598,825,1634,1661]" page="51" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFDAA413B7A37092E" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; Hoover, M. F. &amp; Chanhome, L. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C." box="[598,825,1634,1661]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref299751" refString="Cox, M. J., Hoover, M. F., Chanhome, L., Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C. (2018) A Field Guide to the Venomous Snakes of Mainland ASEAN Nations. Parbpim Limited Partnership, Bangkok, ix + 83 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Cox
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFD72413A7BC6092E" box="[654,712,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 51
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFCA1413B7D05092E" author="Das, I." box="[861,1035,1634,1661]" page="105" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFCA1413B7D05092E" author="Das, I." box="[861,1035,1634,1661]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 105</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—H.Y. Lim, 2019: 128–129 (Chek Jawa Wetlands [PU]).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFD9E41DE7A4209F2" author="Charlton, T." box="[610,844,1671,1697]" page="224" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFD9E41DE7A4209F2" author="Charlton, T." box="[610,844,1671,1697]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 224</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF0B41F27A3B0996" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[247,821,1706,1733]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF26B8CAFF0B41F27A3B0996" box="[247,821,1706,1733]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFF0B41F27B340996" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,570,1707,1733]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fasciatus" subSpecies="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF0B41F27B340996" box="[247,570,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bungarus fasciatus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF26B8CAFDAA41F27A3E0996" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[598,816,1706,1733]" page="597" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFDAA41F27A3E0996" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[598,816,1706,1733]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 597</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CAFF0B41967A0509BA" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" box="[247,779,1743,1769]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">“banded krait”—Mong &amp; H.H. Tan, 2016: 266.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF26B8CBFF6B41AA7D900D4A" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF26B8CBFF6B41AA78360EA6" blockId="188.[151,1437,842,2021]" lastBlockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF6B41AA7803085E" bold="true" box="[151,269,1779,1805]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Remarks.</emphasis>
Throughout its range,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFDF441AA7B82085E" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[520,652,1779,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFDF441AA7B82085E" box="[520,652,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">B. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits a diverse range of habitats including montane areas (Stuebing
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFF0B404E783F0862" box="[247,305,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
2014). However, in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFDDC404E7B990862" box="[544,663,1815,1841]" name="Singapore" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFD5F404E7A270862" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[675,809,1815,1841]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFD5F404E7A270862" box="[675,809,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">B. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears restricted mainly to coastal habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFAC4404E7C920862" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[1336,1436,1815,1841]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker &amp;</bibRefCitation>
Lim 2012) with most observations coming from Pulau Ubin.
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF26B8CAFC4F40627D810806" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[947,1167,1851,1877]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF26B8CAFC4F40627D810806" box="[947,1167,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bungarus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first reported from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF26B8CAFF0B40067865082A" box="[247,363,1887,1913]" name="Singapore" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Singapore</collectingCountry>
by Peters (1859) who listed a specimen at ZMB collected by Jagor. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFACB40067C93082A" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[1335,1437,1887,1913]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford</bibRefCitation>
(1881) examined specimens at the Raffles Museum, and
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF26B8CAFC7140DA7D4F08CE" author="Davison, W." box="[909,1089,1923,1949]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref302240" refString="Davison, W. (1892) The snakes of Singapore. Singapore and Straits Directory, 1892, 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1892">Davison (1892)</bibRefCitation>
noted an additional specimen that was mutilated and deposited at the Raffles Museum around that time. No other specimens were recorded until Sworder (1924a) observed one at Pulau Ayer Merbau, and mentioned
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF26B8CAFB2640927C1008B6" box="[1242,1310,1995,2021]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Smith</collectingRegion>
killed one near Tanglin in 1901 (Sworder 1924b). Shortly after,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFCA547CE7AF00FE2" author="Buddle, R." box="[857,1022,151,177]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref293589" refString="Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly &amp; Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp." type="book" year="1929">Buddle (1929)</bibRefCitation>
captured one at SNB and killed one near to town (
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF27B8CBFE6547E278D10F86" box="[409,479,187,213]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Smith</collectingRegion>
1930).
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFDC647E27A160F86" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[570,792,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFDC647E27A160F86" box="[570,792,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Bungarus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was then next reported 61 years later (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF27B8CBFB2147E27C380F86" box="[1245,1334,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
) by Lim (1991) who related how a specimen he received was caught in a fishing net along a riverbank. The only other three published observations include one photographed in mangroves at PT in
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFB34465A7C300E4E" box="[1224,1342,259,285]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="2006-05">May 2006</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFAAC465A78560E12" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFA74465A781B0E12" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), one crossing a road near mangroves at PU on
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFC89467E7D3B0E12" box="[885,1077,295,321]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="2012-10-18">18 October 2012</date>
(Tan 2013), and one seemingly foraging in mud lobster mounds on
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFD7346127A3B0E36" box="[655,821,331,357]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="2019-08-04">4 August 2019</date>
at PU (Lim 2019).
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF27B8CBFBEF46127D9F0E36" box="[1043,1169,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="365.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@365.[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="365" captionText="FIGURE 21. A) Xenochrophis vittatus, B) Sibynophis melanocephalus, C) Cylindrophis ruffus, D) Aipysurus eydouxii, E) Aipysurus eydouxii, F) Bungarus fasciatus, G) Calliophis bivirgatus, and H) Calliophis gracilis. Photographs by: Thio Hui Bing [A], Alex Figueroa [B], Nick Baker [C], Kelvin K.P. Lim [D], Ria Tan [E], Law Ing Sind [F], Mary-Ruth Low [G], and Evan S.H. Quah [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960361/files/figure.png" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Figure 21F</figureCitation>
illustrates one that was rescued from a contractor dormitory next to Ubin Fruit Orchard on PU on
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFBCA46367DFE0EDA" box="[1078,1264,367,393]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="2018-01-12">12 January 2018</date>
(I.S. Law pers. comm.). Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFE6946CA78C10EFE" box="[405,463,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) reported
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFD6D46CA7A190EFE" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[657,791,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bungarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFD6D46CA7A190EFE" box="[657,791,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">B. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from KBNP, LCK, PU, and SBWR, but did not provide any specific data, except for the LCK locality which was based on ZRC.2.4658 collected on
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFAF346EE783A0EA6" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="1999-11-01">1 November 1999</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B46A77D900D4A" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,1182,510,537]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B46A778240D4B" bold="true" box="[151,298,510,536]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Known mainly from coastal areas in Lim Chu Kang, PU, and PT. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF27B8CBFF6B457B7B090D32" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B457B7B820D6E" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,652,546,573]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B457B7B0A0D6E" bold="true" box="[151,516,546,573]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFF6B457B781E0D6F" box="[151,272,546,572]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B451F7B090D32" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,519,582,609]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B451F78AF0D33" bold="true" box="[151,417,582,608]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF27B8CBFF6B45337BDB0DD6" box="[151,725,618,645]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B45337BDB0DD6" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,725,618,645]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B453378DC0DD6" bold="true" box="[151,466,618,645]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2013].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF27B8CBFF6B45D77A080B78" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B45D77D880D9E" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B45D77AE30DFB" bold="true" box="[151,1005,654,681]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF27B8CBFF6B45D77AE60DFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687941" box="[151,1000,654,681]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Museum" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFF6B45D778160DFB" box="[151,280,654,680]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFEB645D678B60DFA" box="[330,440,655,681]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<location id="0526CCBEFF27B8CBFE3A45D67B200DFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF26B8CBFF6B44127A080B78:0526CCBEFF27B8CBFE3A45D67B200DFA" box="[454,558,655,681]" country="Singapore" name="Museum" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Museum</location>
specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFD3545D77A4C0DFB" box="[713,834,654,680]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFC0645D77D3C0DFA" box="[1018,1074,654,681]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6384–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFB6845D77DC20DFA" box="[1172,1228,654,681]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6385 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFF0B45EA78210D9E" box="[247,303,691,717]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6387 (1986);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFE1E45EB7A330D9E" bold="true" box="[482,829,690,717]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
Lim Chu Kang Road [
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFD1245EB7A250D9F" box="[750,811,690,716]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">LKC</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF27B8CBFCB845EB7D8C0D9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689147" box="[836,1154,690,717]" collectingDate="1999-11-01" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFCB845EB7A720D9E" box="[836,892,690,717]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4658 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF27B8CBFC2245EA7D740D9E" box="[990,1146,691,717]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="1999-11-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF27B8CBFC2245EA7D740D9E" box="[990,1146,691,717]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" value="1999-11-01">01-Nov-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B458F78BC0C46" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B458F7ACC0DA3" bold="true" box="[151,962,726,753]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFEDE458F78950DA3" box="[290,411,726,752]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFD5E458F7A150DA3" box="[674,795,726,752]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFC32458E7D1D0DA2" box="[974,1043,727,753]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">NMW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFBD9458E7D6B0DA2" box="[1061,1125,727,753]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFB89458E785B0C46" bold="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Jurong Road [= Tengah Forest]:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF27B8CBFEA145A278A00C46" box="[349,430,763,789]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B44477C6A0C0E" blockId="189.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B444778880C6B" bold="true" box="[151,390,798,824]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFF6B4447781E0C6B" box="[151,272,798,824]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Khatib Bongsu Nature Park—Lim Chu Kang—Pulau Ayer Merbau*—Pulau Tekong—Pulau Ubin—Sembcorp Marine Ltd.*—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—Tyersall Forest*—Tengah Forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFDD844FC7D010CEC" blockId="189.[548,1039,933,960]" box="[548,1039,933,960]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFDD844FC7D010CEC" bold="true" box="[548,1039,933,960]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFD8044FC7A860CEC" authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[636,904,933,960]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFD8044FC7BF60C93" bold="true" box="[636,760,933,960]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Calliophis</emphasis>
Gray, 1835
</taxonomicName>
(3 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B44B47A080B78" blockId="189.[151,1436,1005,1068]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF6B44B478990B5B" authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,407,1005,1032]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B44B478020B54" box="[151,268,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Calliophis</emphasis>
Gray, 1835
</taxonomicName>
[in 1832–1835]: pl. 86, fig. 1, caption (
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF27B8CBFC8E44B47AAA0B54" box="[882,932,1005,1031]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFBEE44B47C7C0B5B" authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[1042,1394,1005,1032]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFBEE44B47DE60B54" box="[1042,1256,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Calliophis gracilis</emphasis>
Gray, 1835
</taxonomicName>
[in 1832–1835], by monotypy; gender masculine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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