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<mods:title id="20B2FE8272766F49EEA71684E3203BAD">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BEB10164E6A458717675E5F2A12988C8">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AEA44F66914997EA49A68E7DF7FBAB0">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7FA669309BCEA2745E33B73D44C6FFA1" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="92E55BA8522CF0A9932AD4D7515F8B1B">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE118A7006134ACA765AB3583B645D64" type="email">kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="F2443B42CE659FC8965D106F66A7AE7C">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960394" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7960394" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0EB8E2FF6B405A7B72084D" box="[151,636,1795,1822]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF6B405A7B72084D" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" box="[151,636,1795,1822]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF0EB8E2FF6B405A7B72084D" box="[151,636,1795,1822]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0EB8E2FF6B405A7B07084D" ID-CoL="5X6T2" authority="Boulenger, 1887" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FF6B405A7845084D" bold="true" box="[151,331,1795,1822]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Calamaria lovii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0EB8E2FEAE405D7B07084D" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[338,521,1796,1822]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" refId="ref292005" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 575 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FDDB405D7B72084D" bold="true" box="[551,636,1796,1822]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0EB8E2FF0B4071786708D9" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF0B40717DBD0835" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF0EB8E2FF0B40717DBD0835" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF0EB8E2FF0B40717BB90811" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[247,695,1832,1858]" page="169" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0EB8E2FF0B40717BB90811" ID-CoL="5X6T2" authority="Boulenger, 1887: 169" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1887" box="[247,695,1832,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FF0B407178A00811" box="[247,430,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Calamaria lovii</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0EB8E2FE4540717BB90811" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688889" box="[441,695,1832,1858]" collectionCode="BM" country="Malaysia" location="East" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0EB8E2FE4540717BB90811" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[441,695,1832,1858]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" refId="ref292005" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 575 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger, 1887: 169</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF0EB8E2FD3B40717A3A0811" box="[711,820,1832,1858]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF0EB8E2FCBE40707AFE0811" box="[834,1008,1832,1859]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
.3.63 (formerly BM 1887.2.7.18), by original designation. Type locality: “Rejang River, Sarawak”,
<location id="0526CCBEFF0EB8E2FBF240147D300834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A:0526CCBEFF0EB8E2FBF240147D300834" box="[1038,1086,1869,1895]" country="Malaysia" name="East" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">East</location>
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0EB8E2FBB940157DA10835" box="[1093,1199,1868,1894]" name="Malaysia" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF6B4029786708D9" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" box="[151,361,1904,1930]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Low’s Reed Snake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0EB8E2FF6B40CD782908FD" box="[151,295,1940,1966]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF6B40CD782908FD" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" box="[151,295,1940,1966]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF0EB8E2FF6340CD781108FD" box="[159,287,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="361.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@361.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="FIGURE 17. A) Dendrelaphis kopsteini, B) Dendrelaphis pictus, C) Dryophiops rubescens, D) Calamaria albiventer, E) Calamaria lovii, F) Calamaria lumbricoidea, G) Calamaria schlegeli, and H) Pseudorabdion longiceps. Photographs by: Law Ing Sind [A, E], Alex Figueroa [B, G], Emmanuel Goh [C], Evan S.H. Quah [D], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [F, H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960353/files/figure.png" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Figure 17E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0EB8E3FF6B40E17C570FAA" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF6B40E178760881" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" box="[151,376,1976,2002]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FF6B40E178760881" bold="true" box="[151,376,1976,2002]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0EB8E2FF6B40E1781E0881" box="[151,272,1976,2002]" name="Singapore" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0EB8E2FF0B40857DB308A5" blockId="148.[151,1436,1795,2039]" box="[247,1213,2012,2039]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0EB8E2FF0B40857B0B08A5" authorityName="Inger &amp; Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[247,517,2012,2038]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lowi" subSpecies="gimletti">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FF0B40857B0B08A5" box="[247,517,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Calamaria lowi gimletti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Leong, 2004: 290 (Pulau Pawai).—Quah
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0EB8E2FC0E40847D2408A5" box="[1010,1066,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018a: 491.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF0B47CE7C570FAA" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FF0B47CE78DE0FE2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[247,464,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gimletti">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF0B47CE78DE0FE2" box="[247,464,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Calamaria gimletti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 169.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 169.—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FA7447CE787A0F86" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 137.—Serin
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FDAA47E27B830F86" box="[598,653,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 89–90 (Rifle Range Link [
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FBFA47E27D4A0F86" box="[1030,1092,187,213]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">RRF</collectionCode>
]).—I.S.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FB6247E278B40FAA" author="Law, I. S. &amp; Kanaike, A." pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="142 - 143" refId="ref321254" refString="Law, I. S. &amp; Kanaike, A. (2018) Third record of the Gimlett's reed snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 142 - 143." type="journal article" year="2018">Law &amp; Kanaike, 2018: 142–143</bibRefCitation>
(Old Upper Thomson Road).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FCDC47867AF90FAA" author="Choo, L. M." box="[800,1015,222,249]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="74 - 75" refId="ref296993" refString="Choo, L. M. (2019) A Gimlett's reed snake at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 74 - 75." type="journal article" year="2019">Choo, 2019: 75–75</bibRefCitation>
(Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0FB8E3FF0B465A7D3D0E12" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF0B465A7B910E4E" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[247,671,259,285]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF0FB8E3FF0B465A7B910E4E" box="[247,671,259,285]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FF0B465A78A40E4E" ID-CoL="5X6T2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[247,426,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF0B465A78A40E4E" box="[247,426,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Calamaria lovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF0FB8E3FE3A465A7B950E4E" author="Charlton, T." box="[454,667,259,285]" page="74" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FE3A465A7B950E4E" author="Charlton, T." box="[454,667,259,285]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF0B467E7D3D0E12" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[247,1075,295,321]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF0FB8E3FF0B467E7D3D0E12" box="[247,1075,295,321]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FF0B467E7B080E12" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[247,518,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lovii" subSpecies="gimletti">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF0B467E7B080E12" box="[247,518,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Calamaria lovii gimletti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—R. Tan &amp; W.W.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF0FB8E3FD16467E7A790E12" author="Lee, J." box="[746,887,295,321]" page="1" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FD16467E7A790E12" author="Lee, J." box="[746,887,295,321]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refId="ref322548" refString="Lee, J. (2021) Large python spotted having a swim in Jurong West canal. Mothership, 23 April 2021. Available from: https: // mothership. sg / 2021 / 04 / large-python-spotted-having-a-swim-in-jurong-west-canal / (accessed 23 April 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lee, 2021: 1</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Upper Seletar).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0FB8E3FF6B46127C320DFA" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B46127C820DD6" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B461278050E36" bold="true" box="[151,267,331,357]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FEE8461278C60E36" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[276,456,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FEE8461278C60E36" box="[276,456,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Calamaria lovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first collected in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FD3A46127A360E36" box="[710,824,331,357]" name="Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
by Tweedie at Pulau Pawai in 1933, but this material went unreported for 73 years until Leong (2004) published the record. Then, 84 years after this first and only record (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF0FB8E3FEB146CA78AA0EFE" box="[333,420,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
), an individual was found under a pile of leaves in a concrete drain at Rifle Range Link on
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FF0B46EE78B10E82" box="[247,447,439,465]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2017-02-27">27 February 2017</date>
, which not only represents the rediscovery of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FC4B46EE7D070E82" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[951,1033,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FC4B46EE7D070E82" box="[951,1033,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">C. lovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FBD546EE7D950E82" box="[1065,1179,439,465]" name="Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
but also constitutes the first record for
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FE5846827B6F0EA6" box="[420,609,475,501]" name="Singapore Island" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore Island</collectingCountry>
(Serin
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FD4A46827BE10EA6" box="[694,751,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
2017). Shortly after this rediscovery, another individual was also found in leaf litter in a roadside drain along OUTR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FC6E46A77D500D4A" box="[914,1118,510,537]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2018-09-05">5 September 2018</date>
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF0FB8E3FB9146A67DDE0D4A" box="[1133,1232,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="361.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@361.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="361" captionText="FIGURE 17. A) Dendrelaphis kopsteini, B) Dendrelaphis pictus, C) Dryophiops rubescens, D) Calamaria albiventer, E) Calamaria lovii, F) Calamaria lumbricoidea, G) Calamaria schlegeli, and H) Pseudorabdion longiceps. Photographs by: Law Ing Sind [A, E], Alex Figueroa [B, G], Emmanuel Goh [C], Evan S.H. Quah [D], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [F, H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960353/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FB1546A6783A0D6E" author="Law, I. S. &amp; Kanaike, A." pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="142 - 143" refId="ref321254" refString="Law, I. S. &amp; Kanaike, A. (2018) Third record of the Gimlett's reed snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 142 - 143." type="journal article" year="2018">Law &amp; Kanaike 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Since then,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FE36457A7B130D6E" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[458,541,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FE36457A7B130D6E" box="[458,541,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">C. lovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found crawling on the ground at BTNR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FB8D457A7C090D6E" box="[1137,1287,547,573]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2019-05-23">23 May 2019</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FAE9457A7C9B0D6E" author="Choo, L. M." box="[1301,1429,547,573]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="74 - 75" refId="ref296993" refString="Choo, L. M. (2019) A Gimlett's reed snake at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 74 - 75." type="journal article" year="2019">Choo 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and at
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FEBE451E78680D32" box="[322,358,583,609]" name="United States of America" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">US</collectingCountry>
on
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FE6D451E7B170D32" box="[401,537,583,609]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2021-05-08">8 May 2021</date>
(Tan &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF0FB8E3FD8B451E7BEB0D32" author="Lee, J." box="[631,741,583,609]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refId="ref322548" refString="Lee, J. (2021) Large python spotted having a swim in Jurong West canal. Mothership, 23 April 2021. Available from: https: // mothership. sg / 2021 / 04 / large-python-spotted-having-a-swim-in-jurong-west-canal / (accessed 23 April 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lee 2021</bibRefCitation>
). It is unknown if the Pulau Pawai population is still extant as access to the island has been restricted since at least 1989. At present,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF0FB8E3FBF545327D520DD6" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[1033,1116,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FBF545327D520DD6" box="[1033,1116,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">C. lovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears restricted to CNR.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B45D77C320DFA" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[151,1340,654,681]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B45D778240DFB" bold="true" box="[151,298,654,680]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Known from one record on Pulau Pawai in 1933 and four recent observations in CNR. Rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF0FB8E3FF6B45EB7BA40C9A" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B45EB7B960D9E" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[151,664,690,717]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B45EB7B0A0D9E" bold="true" box="[151,516,690,717]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FF6B45EB781E0D9F" box="[151,272,690,716]" name="Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B458F7B090DA2" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[151,519,726,753]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B458F78AF0DA3" bold="true" box="[151,417,726,752]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B45A37BDB0C46" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[151,725,762,789]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B45A378DC0C46" bold="true" box="[151,466,762,789]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2012].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B44477DAB0C0E" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B44477D090C6A" bold="true" box="[151,1031,798,825]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0FB8E3FF6B44477D0C0C6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688014" box="[151,1026,798,825]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" location="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FF6B444778160C6B" box="[151,280,798,824]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FEBF444678BF0C6A" box="[323,433,799,825]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF0FB8E3FE4044467B2A0C6A" box="[444,548,799,825]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Museum</collectorName>
specimens. Old
<location id="0526CCBEFF0FB8E3FD1344467D0C0C6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A:0526CCBEFF0FB8E3FD1344467D0C0C6A" box="[751,1026,799,825]" name="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Upper Thomson Road</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0FB8E3FBED44467C460C6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688648" box="[1041,1352,799,825]" collectingDate="2019-01-27" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FBED44467D470C6A" box="[1041,1097,799,825]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7402 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FB5244467C4E0C6A" box="[1198,1344,799,825]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2019-01-27">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF0FB8E3FB5244467C4E0C6A" box="[1198,1344,799,825]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2019-01-27">27-Jan-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FAAA444678440C0F" bold="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Pulau Pawai:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0FB8E3FEAD441B7B640C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687911" box="[337,618,834,861]" collectingDate="1933-11" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FEAD441B78870C0E" box="[337,393,834,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5896 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FE16441A7B6C0C0E" box="[490,610,835,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1933-11">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF0FB8E3FE16441A7B6C0C0E" box="[490,610,835,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1933-11">Nov-1933</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FD89441B7A500C0E" bold="true" box="[629,862,834,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0FB8E3FD89441B7A570C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688867" box="[629,857,834,861]" location="Rifle Range Forest" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<location id="0526CCBEFF0FB8E3FD89441B7A570C0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF0EB8E3FF6B405A7BA40C9A:0526CCBEFF0FB8E3FD89441B7A570C0E" box="[629,857,834,861]" name="Rifle Range Forest" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Rifle Range Forest</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF0FB8E3FC99441A7DAF0C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688334" box="[869,1185,835,861]" collectingDate="2017-03-10" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF0FB8E3FC99441A7A900C0E" box="[869,926,835,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7241 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF0FB8E3FC02441A7D970C0E" box="[1022,1177,835,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2017-03-10">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF0FB8E3FC02441A7D970C0E" box="[1022,1177,835,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="2017-03-10">10-Mar-2017</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B443F7A390CD2" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[151,823,870,897]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B443F7B840CD3" bold="true" box="[151,650,870,897]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FEE2443F78990CD3" box="[286,407,870,896]" name="Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF0FB8E3FF6B44D37BA40C9A" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF0FB8E3FF6B44D378830CF7" bold="true" box="[151,397,906,932]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF0FB8E3FF6B44D3781E0CF7" box="[151,272,906,932]" name="Singapore" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Old Upper Thomson Road—Pulau Pawai—Rifle Range Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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