165 lines
21 KiB
XML
165 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="026562CAE0F50AADBB108F6D934411F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="45879" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd479886-b7b5-4ade-a928-3365fc7c0b74" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279342" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460415146295" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A." docDate="2011" docId="03DD87F6CB05F66EFF5004F6FEB842C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03114p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3114" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Opiona Chamberlin 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFE4FF8ECB04F66FFFC7067BFFDB441F" masterDocTitle="Cave millipeds of the United States. XI. Opiona graeningi, n. sp., a troglomorphic caseyid milliped from Siskiyou County, California, with comments on the genus Opiona Chamberlin 1951 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Caseyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698328564997" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CB9364F6E62D12FE0FEC24A555FF7399">Cave millipeds of the United States. XI. Opiona graeningi, n. sp., a troglomorphic caseyid milliped from Siskiyou County, California, with comments on the genus Opiona Chamberlin 1951 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Caseyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E25A517989566526AEAED05A9923AB06">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9B4F14B50FF50F15C85AFB4353FD5F81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6ED91DDDFE9E426B107E8FC75CB2E1D2">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DD87F6CB05F66EFF5004F6FEB842C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6186381" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119424710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6186381" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87F6CB05F66EFF5004F6FEB842C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87F6CB05F66EFF5004F6FEB842C9" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C36E656BCB05F66EFF5004F6FE0B46B8" box="[151,464,653,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36E0CB05F66EFF5004F6FE0B46B8" blockId="1.[151,464,653,679]" box="[151,464,653,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D083818CCB05F66EFF5004F6FE0B46B8" bold="true" box="[151,464,653,679]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFF5004F6FE0B46B8" ID-CoL="7PNGK" authority="Chamberlin 1951" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,464,653,679]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFF5004F6FE0B46B8" bold="true" box="[151,464,653,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFF5004F6FF2A46B8" bold="true" box="[151,241,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFF3F04F6FE0B46B8" author="Chamberlin" box="[248,464,653,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1951) Eleven new western millipedes. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Natural History Miscellanea, 87, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1951">Chamberlin 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E656BCB05F66EFF5004AFFEB842C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36E0CB05F66EFF5004AFFCE246F6" blockId="1.[151,825,723,746]" box="[151,825,723,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFF5004AFFE4746F6" ID-CoL="7PNGK" authority="Chamberlin 1951" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,412,723,745]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFF5004AFFF3846F6" box="[151,227,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFF2E04A8FE4746F6" author="Chamberlin" box="[233,412,723,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1951) Eleven new western millipedes. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Natural History Miscellanea, 87, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1951">Chamberlin 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 8.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFE1E04A8FD3246F6" author="Gardner" box="[473,745,723,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Gardner, M. R. & Shelley, R. M. (1989) New records, species, and genera of caseyid millipeds from the Pacific Coast of North America (Diplopoda: Choreumatida: Caseyidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 65, 177 - 268." type="journal article" year="1989">Gardner and Shelley, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 203.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36E0CB05F66EFF50056DFEDF4035" blockId="1.[151,1437,790,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFF50056DFE094731" author="Gardner" box="[151,466,790,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Gardner, M. R. & Shelley, R. M. (1989) New records, species, and genera of caseyid millipeds from the Pacific Coast of North America (Diplopoda: Choreumatida: Caseyidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 65, 177 - 268." type="journal article" year="1989">Gardner and Shelley (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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give a complete description of
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFCFE056CFC4F4731" box="[825,916,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFCFE056CFC4B4731" ID-CoL="7PNGK" box="[825,912,791,814]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opiona</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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although some modifications to their account of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFF220541FE89474D" box="[229,338,826,850]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonopods">gonopods</taxonomicName>
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are required. Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFDBC0540FD14474D" ID-CoL="7PNGK" box="[635,719,827,850]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFDBC0540FD14474D" box="[635,719,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may readily be diagnosed as follows: small to medium-sized caseyids (
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<quantity id="4C8C9B05CB05F66EFEC20525FEAB4769" box="[261,368,862,886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 mm</quantity>
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long) with (fig. 1) or without obvious lateral striations of the pleurotergites, males with the first legpair robust, set with special setae (figs. 3, 4), second legpair reduced, with long gonopophyses (fig. 5), third legpair with greatly elongate and swollen coxae and reduced and modified telopodites which attach laterally at the midpoints of the coxae or more distally (fig. 5), tenth coxae enlarged, with anterior gland openings and a large coxal hook (fig. 7); females with vulvae unmodified (modified in the related sympatric genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFB050594FACE4019" ID-CoL="7NRZD" box="[1218,1301,1007,1030]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Caseya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFB050594FACE4019" box="[1218,1301,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Caseya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFA8B0595FF2F4034" ID-CoL="7PMVS" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Ochrogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFA8B0595FF2F4034" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Ochrogramma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36E0CB05F66EFF00024DFB1C423D" blockId="1.[151,1437,790,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
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Some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFE4D024CFE054051" ID-CoL="7PNGK" box="[394,478,1079,1102]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFE4D024CFE054051" box="[394,478,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fall into two distinct groups.
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFCF3024CFAD44051" ID-CoL="6T2SB" authority="Gardner & Shelley 1989" authorityName="Gardner & Shelley" authorityYear="1989" box="[820,1295,1078,1102]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casualis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFCF3024CFC354051" box="[820,1006,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona casualis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFC31024DFAD44051" author="Gardner" box="[1014,1295,1078,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Gardner, M. R. & Shelley, R. M. (1989) New records, species, and genera of caseyid millipeds from the Pacific Coast of North America (Diplopoda: Choreumatida: Caseyidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 65, 177 - 268." type="journal article" year="1989">Gardner & Shelley 1989</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gardner & Shelley is hereafter abbreviated to G&S),
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFDAD0220FD3E406C" ID-CoL="6SQTZ" box="[618,741,1115,1139]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goedeni">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFDAD0220FD3E406C" box="[618,741,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. goedeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFC580220FBD1406C" ID-CoL="74R4B" box="[927,1034,1115,1139]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFC580220FBD1406C" box="[927,1034,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. exigua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989 conform to the gonopod pattern of the
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<typeStatus id="54CF8842CB05F66EFEF40204FEB84088" box="[307,355,1151,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFE0F0204FCE14089" ID-CoL="6SQSB" authority="Chamberlin 1951" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1951" box="[456,826,1150,1174]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiana">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFE0F0204FDB54089" box="[456,622,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. columbiana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFDB20205FCE14089" author="Chamberlin" box="[629,826,1150,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1951) Eleven new western millipedes. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Natural History Miscellanea, 87, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1951">Chamberlin 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with a flagellocoxite divided into many hollow tubes, most of them individually sheathed in a folded structure derived from the angiocoxite, a remnant telopodite (see below for a discussion of gonopod structure in the genus), and without bilaterally paired posterior projections of the sternum which meet in the posterior midline. On the other hand,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFCBF0290FB11411D" ID-CoL="6T35Z" authority="Causey 1963" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1963" box="[888,1226,1258,1283]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siliquae">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFCBF0290FBF6411C" box="[888,1069,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona siliquae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B11CB05F66EFBF20291FB11411D" author="Causey" box="[1077,1226,1258,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Causey, N. B. (1963) Two new caseyid millipeds from California caves (Choredumida: Chordeumidea). The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 21, 193 - 198." type="journal article" year="1963">Causey 1963</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFB110290FA81411C" ID-CoL="74QSB" box="[1238,1370,1259,1283]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFB110290FA81411C" box="[1238,1370,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. distincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFF190374FEB34139" ID-CoL="7534C" box="[222,360,1294,1318]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFF190374FEB34139" box="[222,360,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. bifurcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFE3D0374FD5E4139" box="[506,645,1294,1318]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beresseyi">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFE3D0374FD5E4139" box="[506,645,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. beresseyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFC8E0374FC054138" ID-CoL="6SR4B" box="[841,990,1295,1319]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFC8E0374FC054138" box="[841,990,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. communis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989 differ in lacking the folded sheathing structure and the remnant telopodite, and show the bilaterally paired posterior sternal projections. One might think that the two groups could be recognized as separate but related genera, except for the fact that three additional species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFEB70300FE37418C" box="[368,492,1403,1427]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facetiae">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFEB70300FE37418C" box="[368,492,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. facetiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFDB90300FCFF418C" box="[638,804,1403,1427]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scytonoides">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFDB90300FCFF418C" box="[638,804,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. scytonoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFC200300FB88418C" ID-CoL="7534B" box="[999,1107,1403,1427]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">
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<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFC200300FB88418C" box="[999,1107,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">O. fisheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G&S 1989 are intermediate: they have remnant telopodites but lack both the sheathing structure and the posterior sternal projections (
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFA8F03E4FEDF41C4" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeningi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFA8F03E4FEDF41C4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona graeningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335789CB05F66EFECB03B8FE9141C5" box="[268,330,1475,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
falls in this intermediate group). Additionally, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFBC303B8FB8341C5" ID-CoL="7PNGK" box="[1028,1112,1475,1498]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFBC303B8FB8341C5" box="[1028,1112,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have very similar modifications of legpairs 1–3 and 10 (figs. 5, 7). Thus the composition of the genus is open to question. This problem will be treated in greater detail when more of the newly discovered species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFC170070FBFF423D" ID-CoL="7PNGK" box="[976,1060,1547,1570]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAF2CB05F66EFC170070FBFF423D" box="[976,1060,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Opiona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36E0CB05F66EFF000054FEB842C9" blockId="1.[151,1437,790,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
|
||
As with most other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFD9E0055FD144259" ID-CoL="7NGD9" box="[601,719,1582,1606]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caseyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males are easily recognized in the field by the laterally projecting telopodites of the ninth legpair, which look like large, white buttons (fig. 1). Preserved males show curious double anterior flexures of the body, one between segments seven and eight and another between segments two and four. These flexures are due to the contraction of powerful muscles associated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D63CB05F66EFBB600E1FB0542AD" box="[1137,1246,1690,1714]" class="Diplopoda" family="Caseyidae" genus="Opiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonopods">gonopods</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with legpair three respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |