641 lines
98 KiB
XML
641 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document id="11CF734C1BAE2FF7B5898DB590A1ED6B" ID-CLB-Dataset="30795" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9dc40601-3490-4a5f-b56e-00ce03fbeaa7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1169515" ID-ZooBank="C4300992-465B-49B7-A1F3-AD3DE906DD3F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1518134656100" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pawson, David L." docDate="2018" docId="03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4378.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4378 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astrophiura caroleae Pawson 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="262" masterDocId="FFE4FFBCFFE1CC15FF8E1867FFDCFFCE" masterDocTitle="A new species of the remarkable brittle star genus Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the western Atlantic Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="258" updateTime="1698520511105" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="AB479604D6E3F3CD7CEEFB36D64D2F45" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="206F238FBD01C264CEB369CD2B0F0732">
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<mods:title id="5B4D0F43841C88E5B5E38906F9FA827A">A new species of the remarkable brittle star genus Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the western Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="664550E7BA2E4C599361A35BF15E8B94" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="765FCBF6A0138C866E2DB115A501A0D9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5EFBB6E1E0038A63BCAF3841EEA8616A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9F644041D6D317D968DF373B082F4EF">Pawson, David L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C246202261822019E5D6EF6BB64592EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3848AF05695E3A32B60726C9AE9645ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C043554BBEA27A872C7FF2BCCE477E10">
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<mods:date id="B67318435F8D307D83DA0C63C4634FB6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3C47F99433E476D0E5027572D04FDD28">2018-02-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6283C3B77E12DBBE8ADC782883F91F1F">4378</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FAAFD438B692C15333E47AA1481CF5D1" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="93BAE56B6DA74F43595FA61DE195131E">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A40CD6612D68A0A340F17EF932615954">257</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0552F78BFA34AA4687FB2AC5D5FCD4E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9CB869CEFA7874A1D92FACE5C7852F76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7ED73C22233E1917AB7B00ADF59B98FE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5977337" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140563176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5977337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE0CC14FF191C5FFEC0FBBA" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF191C5FFDF2FB9D" blockId="1.[151,558,1080,1141]" box="[151,558,1080,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<heading id="D08381BEFFE0CC14FF191C5FFDF2FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,558,1080,1107]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FF191C5FFDF2FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,558,1080,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE0CC14FF191C5FFE4BFB9C" authority="Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,407,1080,1106]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FF191C5FFE4BFB9C" bold="true" box="[151,407,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Astrophiura caroleae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFE0CC14FE101C5EFDF2FB9D" box="[414,558,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF191C3BFEC0FBBA" blockId="1.[151,558,1080,1141]" box="[151,284,1116,1141]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FF191C3BFEC0FBBA" box="[151,284,1116,1141]" captionStart-0="FIGURE1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox-0="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetBox-1="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetBox-2="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE0CC14FF191CC3FA5AF88A" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF191CC3FBE6FAE9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FF191CC3FE5AFB73" bold="true" box="[151,390,1188,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FE031CC3FE29FB73" box="[397,501,1188,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FD8A1CC3FD00FB72" box="[516,732,1188,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figures 1A–C, E,F</figureCitation>
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; 2A–C),
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE0CC14FCC61CC3FC45FB72" box="[840,921,1188,1212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
1463102, Station Number Curasub
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||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FAA21CC3FAA8FB73" box="[1324,1396,1188,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09">14–15</date>
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,
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||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FA0E1CC3FE88FB2E" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-19">19 September 2014</date>
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||
, submersible towed to Jan Thiel Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FC981CAFFCAAFB2E" box="[790,886,1224,1248]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Curacao</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FC0B1CA0FBC3FB2E" box="[901,1055,1223,1248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="12.074638">12°04′28.7″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FBA01CA0FB10FB2E" box="[1070,1228,1223,1248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="-68.88253">68°52′57.1″W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, dive depth range 152–305 meters, specimen attached to a bottle, collected at 294 meters. C. Baldwin, B. Brandt, D, Schrier. Specimen fixed and preserved in ethyl alcohol. Disc diameter of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FCE01D68FC0AFAE6" box="[878,982,1295,1320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FC531D68FBEAFAE9" box="[989,1078,1295,1320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF491D52FC33FAA1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FF491D52FEF5FA83" box="[199,297,1333,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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1 (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FEC21D53FE1EFA82" box="[332,450,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
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; 3C),
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE0CC14FD8B1D53FD8AFA82" box="[517,598,1332,1356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">USNM</collectionCode>
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1463103, same collection data as
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<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FC5B1D53FB9DFA83" box="[981,1089,1332,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. Specimen fixed and preserved in ethyl alcohol. Disc diameter of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FD9B1D3FFDA9FABE" box="[533,629,1368,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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1 7.0 mm, detached arm
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<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FC1C1D30FC37FAA1" box="[914,1003,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF491D1AFB0CFA31" blockId="1.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FF491D1AFEF5FA5B" box="[199,297,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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2,
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE0CC14FED51D1BFE70FA5A" box="[347,428,1404,1428]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">USNM</collectionCode>
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1463104, Station Number Curasub
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<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FCD31D1BFC7CFA5B" box="[861,928,1404,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09">14–17</date>
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,
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<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FC3D1D1BFB42FA5A" box="[947,1182,1404,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-23">23 September 2014</date>
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, east of downline at Substation
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FE961DC7FEA4FA76" box="[280,376,1440,1464]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Curacao</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FE091DF8FDF3FA76" box="[391,559,1439,1464]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="12.083198">12°04′59.51″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FDB11DF8FD37FA76" box="[575,747,1439,1464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="-68.899055">68°53′56.61″W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, dive depth range 215–309 meters, specimen attached to a bottle collected at 280 meters. J. Harasewych, B. van Bebber, M. McNeilus, J. Felder, Carolee. Specimen fixed and preserved in ethyl alcohol. Disc diameter of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FD061D8FFD36F9CE" box="[648,746,1512,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
2 (specimen broken) approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FB061D80FB17FA31" box="[1160,1227,1511,1536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC14FF491E6AFA5AF88A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3C8FFFE0CC14FF491E6AFE0CF9A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806521139" collectingDate="1968-03-14" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Pillsbury Station & Maureen E. & Specimens" country="Mexico" latitude="21.283333" location="Pillsbury Station" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="-86.21667" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Quintana Roo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FF491E6AFEE8F9EB" box="[199,308,1549,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and 4,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE0CC14FE2D1E6BFE28F9EA" box="[419,500,1548,1572]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9427AB31FFE0CC14FE731E6BFD8BF9EB" box="[509,599,1548,1573]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E18595" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="EnaNcbi">E18595</accessionNumber>
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,
|
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<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFE0CC14FDEA1E6BFCD9F9EA" box="[612,773,1548,1573]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFE0CC14FC9C1E6AFCB0F9EA" box="[786,876,1549,1572]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Channel,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FC6D1E6BFBE7F9EB" box="[995,1083,1548,1573]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, R/
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FBEA1E6BFAE1F9EB" box="[1124,1341,1548,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
|
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V
|
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<location id="8EAB6009FFE0CC14FB0E1E6BFAE1F9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01:8EAB6009FFE0CC14FB0E1E6BFAE1F9EB" box="[1152,1341,1548,1573]" country="Mexico" latitude="21.283333" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="-86.21667" name="Pillsbury Station" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">Pillsbury Station</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
587,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9FAFFE0CC14FA0E1E6BFEFBF986" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="1968-03-14">
|
||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FA0E1E6BFEFBF986" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="1968-03-14">14 March 1968</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FEB61E48FE4BF986" box="[312,407,1583,1608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="925" value="21.283333">21°17′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FE291E48FDD5F986" box="[423,521,1583,1608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="925" value="-86.21667">86°13′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 434 meters,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5BFFE0CC14FD211E57FCE3F986" box="[687,831,1583,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE0CC14FC7F1E57FB02F989" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[1009,1246,1584,1608]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="permira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FC7F1E57FB02F989" box="[1009,1246,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Astrophiura permira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FA9A1E57FA40F989" box="[1300,1436,1584,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Maureen E.</collectorName>
|
||
Downey).
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FE9E1E33FE55F9A3" box="[272,393,1620,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Specimens</collectorName>
|
||
dried
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3C8FFFE0CC14FE501E33FB84F916" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806521143" collectingDate="2014-06-26" collectionCode="CURI" collectorName="C. Baldwin & B. Brandt & E. Brandt & D. Schrier. & Photograph" country="Curaçao" county="Photograph" latitude="12.083198" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Photographs" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" specimenCode="CURI 14106" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Diameter of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FDFF1E32FD0FF9A3" box="[625,723,1621,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
3,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FD721E33FC84F9A2" box="[764,856,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE0CC14FC7D1E32FB89F9A3" box="[1011,1109,1621,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
4,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FBF01E33FB04F9A3" box="[1150,1240,1620,1645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
.on-type
|
||
<location id="8EAB6009FFE0CC14FAB31E33FA40F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01:8EAB6009FFE0CC14FAB31E33FA40F9A3" box="[1341,1436,1620,1645]" country="Curaçao" county="Photograph" latitude="12.083198" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Photographs" name="Material" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Material</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACA8FFE0CC14FF101E10FEF3F95E" box="[158,303,1655,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Photographs</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, taken
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FE091E1FFE04F941" box="[391,472,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">in situ,</emphasis>
|
||
and in the laboratory): 1.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E5EFFE0CC14FC981E10FC4BF95E" box="[790,919,1655,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Photograph</collectingCounty>
|
||
of specimen in the laboratory
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD29EA9FFE0CC14FA891E1FFA47F95E" box="[1287,1435,1655,1680]" collectionCode="CURI" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">CURI 14106</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FF101EFBFECAF97A" box="[158,278,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9FAFFE0CC14FEA21EFBFE1BF97A" box="[300,455,1692,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-06-26">
|
||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FEA21EFBFE1BF97A" box="[300,455,1692,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-06-26">26 June 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, off Substation
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FDF41EFBFD0BF97A" box="[634,727,1692,1716]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
downline,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FCD91EFBFC2DF97B" box="[855,1009,1692,1717]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="12.083198">12°4′59.51″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FC701EFBFB6EF97B" box="[1022,1202,1692,1717]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="-68.899055">68° 53′56.61″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 235–306 meters.
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FA0C1EFBFF25F916" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">C. Baldwin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FE8D1EA7FEAFF916" box="[259,371,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">B. Brandt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FEF01EA7FE30F916" box="[382,492,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">E. Brandt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FE781EA7FDB3F916" box="[502,623,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">D. Schrier.</collectorName>
|
||
2.
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FD1F1ED8FCCEF916" box="[657,786,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Photograph</collectorName>
|
||
of specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FC291EA7FC31F919" box="[935,1005,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on bottle
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3C8FFFE0CC14FBED1EA7FA5AF88A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806521146" collectingDate="2012-05-21" collectionCode="CURI" collectorName="C. Baldwin & B. Brandt & D. Schrier & C. Castillo" country="Curaçao" county="Field Station" latitude="12.083198" location="Photograph" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Field Station Number" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" specimenCode="CURI 12016" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD29EA9FFE0CC14FBED1EA7FB2AF916" box="[1123,1270,1727,1752]" collectionCode="CURI" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">CURI 12016</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9FAFFE0CC14FA8E1EA7FA44F916" box="[1280,1432,1728,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2012-05-21">
|
||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FA8E1EA7FA44F916" box="[1280,1432,1728,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2012-05-21">21 May 2012</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, off Substation
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FEB31E83FE46F932" box="[317,410,1764,1788]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
downline, 171–309 meters.
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FD511E83FCBEF933" box="[735,866,1764,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">C. Baldwin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FCE11E82FC03F933" box="[879,991,1764,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">B. Brandt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FC621E82FBBCF933" box="[1004,1120,1764,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">D. Schrier</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FBFE1E83FB35F932" box="[1136,1257,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). 3.
|
||
<location id="8EAB6009FFE0CC14FA951E83FA40F933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01:8EAB6009FFE0CC14FA951E83FA40F933" box="[1307,1436,1764,1789]" country="Curaçao" county="Field Station" latitude="12.083198" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Field Station Number" name="Photograph" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Photograph</location>
|
||
of specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FEA31F6FFEAAF8D1" box="[301,374,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on automobile tire,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACA8FFE0CC14FDE81F60FCBCF8EE" box="[614,864,1799,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E5EFFE0CC14FDE81F60FD26F8EE" box="[614,762,1799,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Field Station</collectingCounty>
|
||
Number
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9FAFFE0CC14FCE51F6FFB7AF8EE" box="[875,1190,1799,1824]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FCE51F6FFC6FF8EE" box="[875,947,1800,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09">14–20</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCA1012FFE0CC14FC4C1F60FB7AF8EE" box="[962,1190,1799,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-26">26 September 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, west of downline at Substation
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE0CC14FE9A1F4BFEA8F88A" box="[276,372,1836,1860]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FEF11F4BFDFBF88B" box="[383,551,1836,1861]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="12.083198">12°04′59.51″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE0CC14FDBD1F4BFD03F88B" box="[563,735,1836,1861]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" precision="1" value="-68.899055">68°53′56.61″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 244 meters.
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FCFA1F4BFC2BF88B" box="[884,1015,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">C. Baldwin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FB8C1F4AFBADF88B" box="[1026,1137,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">B. Brandt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE0CC14FBF31F4BFB28F88B" box="[1149,1268,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">C. Castillo</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE0CC14FA8D1F4BFAA4F88A" box="[1283,1400,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE0CC17FF491F28FB8DFEAA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE0CC17FF491F28FB8DFEAA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1188,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FF491F28FE9DF8A6" bold="true" box="[199,321,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE0CC14FEC71F37FE13F8A6" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[329,463,1872,1896]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE0CC14FEC71F37FE13F8A6" box="[329,463,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="258">Astrophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with disc regularly pentagonal, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE0CC14FC0F1F37FC0DF8A9" box="[897,977,1872,1896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, interradial margins convex. Free portions of arms slightly shorter than disc diameter. In dorsal disc, elongated diamond-shaped radial areas higher than interradial areas. Conspicuous ossicles in dorsal disc include central plate, infrabasals, basals, and radials, three or four interradial plates, the distalmost approximately triangular with a sharp distal point, and large radial shields, pairs of which are contiguous for their entire length. Most plates smooth, but central and radial plates have a single prominent central tubercle, and each radial shield has a more or less conspicuous prominence near the distal edge. Proximal dorsal arm plates on the disc are quadrangular, wider than long. Six or seven oral papillae on each jaw. Adoral plates elongate, visible portions at least 6 times as long as wide, the proximal ends of each pair abutting more or less in line with the apex of each jaw. Color in life variegated brownish to reddish with whitish patches, the tubercles on dorsal plates usually lighter in color than surrounding areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B665AFFE3CC17FF191D59FCFFFA20" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" startId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" targetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE3CC17FF191D59FCFFFA20" blockId="2.[151,1436,1342,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE3CC17FF191D59FECEFA9A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1342,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE3CC17FE961D59FE33FA9A" authority="Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,495,1342,1364]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE3CC17FE961D59FE33FA9A" box="[280,495,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Astrophiura caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFE3CC17FE7B1D58FDADFA9A" box="[501,625,1342,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A, holotype (USNM 1463102), disc diameter 8.5 mm, in dorsal view (image by A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae, and thin plates covering oral interradii. Abbreviations: AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate; RS radial shield.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE3CC17FF491E72FDE9F954" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE3CC17FF491E72FDE9F954" blockId="2.[151,1437,1557,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE3CC17FF491E72FE92F9E0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
It is a pleasure to name this species for Dr. Carole Baldwin, Chair of the Vertebrate Zoology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Baldwin founded the Smithsonian’s Deep Reef Observation Project (DROP) in 2011 and she has inspired its steady growth in addition to conducting her own excellent research on fishes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE3CC11FF491EC2FC13FE3B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE3CC16FF491EC2FAD7FE63" blockId="2.[151,1437,1557,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,896]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE3CC17FF491EC2FE85F970" bold="true" box="[199,345,1701,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE3CC17FEEC1EC2FE16F970" box="[354,458,1701,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE3CC17FE5B1EC2FDF2F973" box="[469,558,1701,1726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in disc diameter, all arms broken off, disc essentially circular, with slightly convex interradial margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE3CC17FE5E1EAEFDBBF92C" box="[464,615,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Figure 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
; 2A). Disc with convex dorsal surface, ventral surface distinctly concave. Dorsal disc plates naked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE3CC17FE4E1E8AFDA2F8C8" box="[448,638,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Figure 1A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), mostly unadorned, except that central plate and radial plates have a conspicuous central tubercle, and each radial shield usually carries a small, less conspicuous prominence near its distal edge.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFE3CC17FE901F52FEADF880" box="[286,369,1845,1870]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Central" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
plate polygonal, 430µm across widest part, partly overlain by infrabasals 700 µm wide, which in turn are partly overlain by approximately polygonal basal plates 800 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE3CC17FBC01F3EFB1AF8BC" box="[1102,1222,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three interradial plates present in four of five interradii; first interradial plate is rectangular with rounded corners, approximately as long as broad, second plate approximately twice as long as broad, third and distalmost plate arrow-head shaped, approximately triangular,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE3CC17FE4A1FA1FDC3F813" box="[452,543,1990,2014]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with a sharp distal point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE3CC17FC271FA2FBFEF810" box="[937,1058,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), its proximal edge overlapping adjacent radial shields. In fifth interradius first interradial plate is twice as long as broad, and second plate is arrowhead shaped, with sharp distal point. Radial shields approximately as long as wide, their radial edges broadly in contact for entire visible length of 900 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FDF418B8FCC2FF36" box="[634,798,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Figure 1A, 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five dorsal arm plates incorporated into disc; six lateral arm plates are also incorporated into the disc, indicating that first dorsal arm plate is overgrown by radial shields, or is resorbed. Dorsal arm plates more or less rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FC851940FCA3FE8E" box="[779,895,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), decreasing in size distally, the first and largest plate 240 µm in length, with pointed lateral proximal extensions abutting radial shields. Lateral arm plates elongate, broader distally than proximally, each carrying four arm spines, approximately three times longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FF5319F3FEEAFE62" box="[221,310,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). No conspicuous ridges and grooves on dorsal or ventral surfaces of lateral arm plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE2CC16FF4919D0FC25FCDA" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
|
||
Six ventral arm plates within disc decreasing in size distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FC0019D0FBD8FE1E" box="[910,1028,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), approximately rectangular, lateral edges concave. First arm plate bell-shaped, 600 µm long, second arm plate 400 µm long. Tentacle pores and tube feet large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FE9C1998FE5BFDD6" box="[274,391,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), largest pore 200 µm in diameter, decreasing in size distally. Pores with one, occasionally two, tentacle scales. First pair of oral tentacles arise within oral slit. Interradial area covered by flat, oval to round, translucent plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FEFF1A20FE1AFDAE" box="[369,454,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 22 µm in diameter; covering extends from junction of adoral plates approximately 2/3 of distance to disc margin. Paired gonads visible through covering plates. Oral plates large, curved, 800 µm long, carrying six to seven oral papillae, outer papillae by far largest. Adoral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FAB31AE8FA4FFD66" box="[1341,1427,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate, approximately 800 µm long, at least six times as long as wide, their proximal ends meeting more or less in line with junctions of oral plates. Oral shields absent, except for the shield carrying the madreporite; this shield, 400 µm in diameter, is conspicuous at juncture of two adoral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FC191A9BFC37FCDA" box="[919,1003,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE2CC16FF491B47FBD9FC4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
|
||
Free arm joints absent from
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE2CC16FD801B78FDAFFCF6" box="[526,627,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but present when
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE2CC16FCC31B78FC73FCF6" box="[845,943,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was photographed in laboratory (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE2CC16FABD1B78FA53FCF6" box="[1331,1423,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Portions of four arms present, all with regenerating distal regions. Longest arm, with approximately 15 segments, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE2CC16FEB11B00FE4AFCB1" box="[319,406,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, slightly longer than one-half of the disc diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B665AFFE2CC16FF191F35FEA7F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" startId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" targetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE2CC16FF191F35FEA7F80A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1874,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE2CC16FF191F35FEC6F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1874,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE2CC16FEA91F35FDDAF8A6" authority="Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,518,1874,1896]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE2CC16FEA91F35FDDAF8A6" box="[295,518,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Astrophiura caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFE2CC16FD9D1F34FD4BF8A6" box="[531,663,1874,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE2CC16FAB61F15FAA6F849" box="[1336,1402,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE2CC16FD351FF6FD27F868" box="[699,763,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF4918F0FBEBFE46" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FF4918F0FE62FF7E" bold="true" box="[199,446,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Notes on paratypes:</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype 1 (USNM 1463102). Dorsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FC1A18F0FC2DFF7E" box="[916,1009,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FB8C18FFFBFFFF7E" box="[1026,1059,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ventral surfaces similar in general appearance to those of holotype. Disc diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE5CC11FCB918DBFC4AFF1A" box="[823,918,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Central plate irregular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FAA118DBFA51FF1A" box="[1327,1421,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[485,1102,411,1318]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Astrophiura caroleae new species.A, holotype(USNM1463102), disc diameter 8.5mm, indorsal view (imageby A. Nonaka); B, holotype, ventral view (image by A. Nonaka); C, holotype with major dorsal plates labeled; D, paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, dorsal view; E, detail of holotype showing a pair of radial shields; F, holotype, showing adoral plates, oral plates with oral papillae,and thin plates coveringoral interradii.Abbreviations:AP, adoral plate; B, basal plate; C, central plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; IB, infrabasal plate; IR, interradial plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OIP, oral interradial plates; OP, oral plate; R radial plate;RS radial shield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), infrabasal plate 600 µm wide, basal plate 750 µm wide, radial 960 µm wide. Distalmost interradial plate
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE5CC11FACB1887FA41FF39" box="[1349,1437,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Members of each pair of radial shields in broad contact radially; total length of contact area 700 µm. Six lateral arm plates in disc. On oral surface seven ventral arm plates within disc, decreasing in size distally, approximately rectangular, the lateral edges concave. First arm plate 700 µm long, second arm plate 400 µm long. Largest tentacle pore 200 µm in diameter. Width of first free arm segment 540 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF4919F2FC13FE3B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FF4919F2FEE8FE63" box="[199,308,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (USNM 1463104), 3 and 4 (USNM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9427AB31FFE5CC11FC8119F3FCB7FE63" box="[783,875,404,429]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E18595" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="EnaNcbi">E18595</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Disc diameter 6.0 mm,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE5CC11FB1119F3FB20FE62" box="[1183,1276,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE5CC11FACF19F3FA41FE62" box="[1345,1437,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively. All
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FED319DFFE15FE1E" box="[349,457,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
with some damage to disc. Arms absent. General appearance of dorsal and ventral surfaces, and details of external morphology, similar to those in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FCEB19BBFC17FE3B" box="[869,971,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE5CC11FF491998FF2DF813" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491998FDDAFC93" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FF491998FCC8FDD6" bold="true" box="[199,788,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
Notes on color of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FE281998FE06FDD6" box="[422,474,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and non-type specimens:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FC911998FC56FDD6" box="[799,906,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, when recently dead, with translucent ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FF731A43FE81FDF2" box="[253,349,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the covering of small interradial plates almost invisible. Conspicuous bright orange eggs, approximately 165 µm in diameter, packed into five pairs of gonads of female specimen, gonads occupying most of internal interradial space. Ventral surfaces of arms inside disc white, tube feet very light brown. Ventral surfaces of lateral arm plates with whitish-orange edges, central areas of plates tending towards very light brown. Arm spines light red or whitish, the red spines tending to be clumped near the center of the distal edges of the lateral arm plates. Dorsal surface of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FEED1AB0FE19FD3E" box="[355,453,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FDAF1AB0FDA4FD3E" box="[545,632,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) mottled with light reddish and whitish patches, whitish areas more or less confined to: dorsal arm plates in disc, the distalmost two or three lateral arm plates, and the distalmost interradial plate. Interradial areas outside rings of primary plates reddish with whitish spots. Rings of primary plates variegated reddish-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491B0FFDC5FBFB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
In some non-type specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FD9B1B00FDA5FC4E" box="[533,633,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[500,1087,957,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[496,1090,949,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, holotype (USNM 1463102) disc diameter 8.5 mm, recently dead, photographed in laboratory (Image: Darryl Felder), Note conspicuous female gonads and free arms. B, holotype in situ on discarded beer bottle; C enlarged image of holotype in situ; D, non-type specimen, in laboratory, disc diameter ca. 8.0 mm, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169519/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FD0A1B0FFD17FC4E" box="[644,715,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal surface can appear to be almost uniformly colored, light brownish-red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FEB51BEBFE48FC6A" box="[315,404,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), darker centrally, or light red, with some whitish patches radially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FBF01BEBFB09FC6A" box="[1150,1237,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FB671BEAFA97FC6B" box="[1257,1355,909,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A57FFE5CC11FAE11BEBFF64FC06" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[485,1102,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrophiura caroleae new species. A, non-type specimen in situ on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen in situ on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation:T, tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) has complex dorsal color patterns, with light orange radial shields and dorsal arm plates, light red lateral arm plates with whitish central patches, and a red-brown central region with whitish blotches, and conspicuous white tubercles on central and radial plates. The less conspicuous tubercles on the distal edges of the radial shields are also whitish, but less conspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491C58FB37FB26" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FF491C58FE5BFB96" bold="true" box="[199,391,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Molecular data:</emphasis>
|
||
The barcode data provided below for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE5CC11FCB41C27FBF5FB96" authority="Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[826,1065,1088,1112]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FCB41C27FBF5FB96" box="[826,1065,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Astrophiura caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFE5CC11FBBF1C27FBBAFB99" box="[1073,1126,1088,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may be the first to become available for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE5CC11FE141C03FDFCFBB2" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[410,544,1124,1148]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FE141C03FDFCFBB2" box="[410,544,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Astrophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; no record of the genus could be found in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE5CC11FC791C03FB9FFBB2" box="[1015,1091,1124,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">BOLD</collectionCode>
|
||
(Barcode of Life Database). A mtDNA
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE5CC11FF741CEFFEF6FB6E" box="[250,298,1160,1184]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
barcode was generated from a single individual following standard Sanger sequencing protocols as outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE5CC11FE961CCAFE6AFB0A" box="[280,438,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref4561" refString="Meyer, C. (2003) Molecular systematic of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 79, 401 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8312.2003.00197. x" type="journal article">Meyer (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and as noted in Ng & Meyer (2016). The specimen was collected from an Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE5CC11FE401CB7FDFEFB26" box="[462,546,1232,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">ARMS</collectionCode>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE5CC11FDD71CA8FC94FB26" box="[601,840,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref4341" refString="Knowlton, N., Brainard, R. E., Fisher, R., Moews, M., Plaisance, L. & Caley, M. J. (2010) Coral reef biodiversity. In: McIntyre, A. D. (Ed.), Life in the World's Oceans. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 65 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 9781444325508. ch 4" type="book chapter">
|
||
Knowlton
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FD411CB6FCD4FB26" box="[719,776,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) deployed on a deep reef in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE5CC11FB081CB7FB3BFB26" box="[1158,1255,1232,1256]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491C93FDE2FAB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3C8FFFE5CC11FF491C93FDE6FAB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806521148" collectionCode="BCURA, ARMS" collectorName="Sample No. & Collectors Carole Baldwin" country="Curaçao" county="Bapor Kibra" elevation="229" latitude="12.083198" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Catalog Number" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="USNM 1466036" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EAB6009FFE5CC11FF491C93FEF8FAC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFE0CC13FF191C5FFEA7FE01:8EAB6009FFE5CC11FF491C93FEF8FAC3" box="[199,292,1268,1293]" country="Curaçao" county="Bapor Kibra" latitude="12.083198" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.899055" municipality="Catalog Number" name="Locality" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Locality</location>
|
||
information:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACA8FFE5CC11FE331C93FDAAFAC3" box="[445,630,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Catalog Number</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD29EA9FFE5CC11FDF31C93FCE5FAC3" box="[637,825,1268,1293]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">USNM 1466036</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE5CC11FCCD1C93FC1BFAC2" box="[835,967,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Sample No.</collectorName>
|
||
Curasub 15–16,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE5CC11FB0A1C93FB3AFAC3" box="[1156,1254,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">BCURA</collectionCode>
|
||
_0674,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE5CC11FAB61C93FA44FAC2" box="[1336,1432,1268,1292]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east of downline and slightly west at Substation
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE5CC11FD731D7FFC86FAFE" box="[765,858,1304,1328]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
dock, in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E5EFFE5CC11FC501D7EFBA9FAFE" box="[990,1141,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Bapor Kibra</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE5CC11FB071D7FFB35FAFE" box="[1161,1257,1304,1328]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE5CC11FB731D70FA4BFAFE" box="[1277,1431,1303,1328]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="12.083198">12°4′59.51″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE405015FFE5CC11FF191D5BFE98FA9B" box="[151,324,1340,1365]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="-68.899055">68°53′56.61″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Ophiuroid collected from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED65AE17FFE5CC11FD0B1D5BFD08FA9A" box="[645,724,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">ARMS</collectionCode>
|
||
at
|
||
<elevation id="0059D1E1FFE5CC11FC8E1D5BFCBCFA9B" box="[768,864,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="ft" value="750.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE5CC11FC8E1D5BFCBCFA9B" box="[768,864,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="ft" value="750.0">750 feet</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(229 meters).
|
||
<collectorName id="26815304FFE5CC11FB9C1D5BFA96FA9B" box="[1042,1354,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Collectors Carole Baldwin</collectorName>
|
||
, Bruce Brandt, Thomas Devine, Emily Frost
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491DE3FCEAF8CA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
PCR primers jgLCO1490 and jgHCO2198 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE5CC11FD551DE3FC67FA52" box="[731,955,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref4182" refString="Geller, J., Meyer, C., Parker, M. & Hawk, H. (2013) Redesign of PCR primers for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 for marine invertebrates and application in all-taxa biotic surveys. Molecular Ecology Resources, 13 / 5, 851 - 861. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12138" type="journal article">
|
||
Geller
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FCBC1DE2FCAEFA52" box="[818,882,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were used. The resulting sequence is: AACTCTTTATTTACTTTTTGGAACTTGAGCCGGAACAGTAGGAGCAGCCATGAGAAAAATTATTCGAA TAGAGCTTTCACAGCCTGGGTCCCTCATACAGAAAGATCAAATATACAATGTAATAGTAACCGCTCATG CATTTGTAATGATTTTTTTTATGGTGATGCCAATAATGATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTGACTAATCCCATT AATGATTGGAGCTCCAGATATGGCCTTCCCACGAATGAAAAAAATGAGATTTTGACTTATCCCCCCTTC ATTTTTTCTTTTAATGGCCTCAGCAGCAAAAAAAAAGGGAGTAGGAACGGGTTGAACAATTTACCCGC CTCTCTCTGGGCACGGAGCTCACGCCGGAGGTTGCGTAGACCTAGCTATTTTTTCTCTCCATCTCGCTG GAGCTTCTTCTATAATGGCATCTATAAATTTTATAACTACCATTATCAAAATGCGAGCTCCAGGAATGGA TCTTGACCAAGCTCCACTTTTTGTTTGATCTATCCTCATCACAACTTTTCTTCTTCTACTATCCCTTCCA GTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATAACAATGTTACTAACAGATCGAAAAATTAACACTTCCTTTTTCGATCCAACA GGAGGAGGAGACCCCATTTTATTTCAACATTTATTC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491F68FCB8F8E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,868,1807,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
Genbank Accession Number for this sequence:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9427AB31FFE5CC11FD521F68FCBCF8E6" box="[732,864,1807,1832]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG601101" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">MG601101</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE5CC11FF491F53FF2DF813" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FF491F53FE68F883" bold="true" box="[199,436,1844,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Preferred Habitats:</emphasis>
|
||
It is well-known that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE5CC11FD371F53FCE3F882" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[697,831,1844,1868]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FD371F53FCE3F882" box="[697,831,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Astrophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers a hard substratum; individuals can be found attached to dead mollusk shells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE5CC11FD841F30FCF7F8BE" box="[522,811,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref4102" refString="Fujita, T. & Hendler, G. (2001) Description of the new species of Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tosa Bay, Japan, and several of its remarkable anatomical characteristics. In: Fujita, T., Saito, H. & Takeda, M. (Eds.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. National Science Museum Monographs, 20, pp. 263 - 281." type="journal article">Fujita and Hendler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and rocks (Ziesenhenne, 1951;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE5CC11FB2A1F3EFAB3F8BE" box="[1188,1391,1880,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref4523" refString="Matsumoto, H. (1917) A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, arranged according to a new classification. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 38, 1 - 407." type="journal article">Matsumoto, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE5CC11FA0A1F3FFF24F85A" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE5CC11FA0A1F3FFF24F85A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first observed attached to a discarded Heineken beer bottle, where its reddish coloration contrasted sharply with the green of the bottle. Other specimens were collected from miscellaneous bottles near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFE5CC11FAE21FC6FA40F877" box="[1388,1436,1953,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B665AFFE4CC10FF191C06FE41FB3C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1169521/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" startId="5.[151,250,1121,1143]" targetBox="[496,1090,202,1090]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC10FF191C06FE41FB3C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1121,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FF191C06FEC5FBB8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1121,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FEA91C06FDD9FBB9" authority="Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,517,1121,1143]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FEA91C06FDD9FBB9" box="[295,517,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Astrophiura caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFE4CC10FD9C1C05FD4BFBB9" box="[530,663,1121,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A, non-type specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FC2E1C05FC39FBB9" box="[928,997,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on a bottle, showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates; B, non-type specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FC181CE6FC0BFB58" box="[918,983,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on an automobile tire; C, dorsal surface of Paratype 1 (USNM 1463103), disc diameter 7.0 mm, photographed in laboratory (Barry B. Brown), showing color pattern and conspicuous tubercles on central and radial plates, and less conspicuous tubercles on distal edges of radial shields. Abbreviation: T, tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE4CC10FF491D79FD4FFA94" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC10FF491D79FD4FFA94" blockId="5.[151,1436,1310,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FF491D79FEBEFAF9" bold="true" box="[199,354,1310,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE4CC10FD5C1D78FCF3FAF9" box="[722,815,1311,1335]" name="Curaçao" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the southern Caribbean, and also from off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFE4CC10FABB1D79FF14FA94" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFE4CC10FF5A1D25FEF0FA95" box="[212,300,1346,1371]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFE4CC10FF5A1D25FEF0FA95" box="[212,300,1346,1371]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in depths of 244 to 434 meters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFE4CC13FF491D01FEA7FE01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC10FF491D01FF37FA25" blockId="5.[151,1436,1310,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FF491D01FE90FAB1" bold="true" box="[199,332,1382,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FE611D00FDAEFAB1" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[495,626,1383,1407]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FE611D00FDAEFAB1" box="[495,626,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can vary considerably, although shades of red to reddish-brown seem always to be present. A notable feature is that the tubercles on the central and radial plates are always more or less conspicuous, being lighter-colored, usually grayish-white, than their surroundings, which are usually brownish to orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC10FF491D91FD81F9B5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1310,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
The fact that five or more dorsal arm plates are incorporated into the disc, while six or more lateral arm plates are present in the disc, is similar to the situation described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FCE21E7CFBDCF9FD" authorityName="Fujita & Hendler" authorityYear="2001" box="[876,1024,1563,1587]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wanikawa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FCE21E7CFBDCF9FD" box="[876,1024,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. wanikawa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE4CC10FBBF1E7DFABEF9FD" box="[1073,1378,1562,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" refId="ref4102" refString="Fujita, T. & Hendler, G. (2001) Description of the new species of Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tosa Bay, Japan, and several of its remarkable anatomical characteristics. In: Fujita, T., Saito, H. & Takeda, M. (Eds.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. National Science Museum Monographs, 20, pp. 263 - 281." type="journal article">Fujita and Hendler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The structure of the free arms is superficially similar to those described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FC391E58FB9EF999" authorityName="Ziesenhenne" authorityYear="1951" box="[951,1090,1599,1623]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marionae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FC391E58FB9EF999" box="[951,1090,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. marionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Ziesenhenne (1951) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FA0A1E58FED5F9B5" authorityName="Fujita & Hendler" authorityYear="2001" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wanikawa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FA0A1E58FED5F9B5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. wanikawa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE4CC10FEBC1E05FD85F9B5" box="[306,601,1634,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" refId="ref4102" refString="Fujita, T. & Hendler, G. (2001) Description of the new species of Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tosa Bay, Japan, and several of its remarkable anatomical characteristics. In: Fujita, T., Saito, H. & Takeda, M. (Eds.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. National Science Museum Monographs, 20, pp. 263 - 281." type="journal article">Fujita and Hendler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC10FF491EE0FA98F871" blockId="5.[151,1436,1310,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE4CC10FF631EE1FDCEF951" box="[237,530,1670,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" refId="ref4102" refString="Fujita, T. & Hendler, G. (2001) Description of the new species of Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tosa Bay, Japan, and several of its remarkable anatomical characteristics. In: Fujita, T., Saito, H. & Takeda, M. (Eds.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. National Science Museum Monographs, 20, pp. 263 - 281." type="journal article">Fujita and Hendler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
point out, descriptions of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FC7C1EE0FBA4F951" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[1010,1144,1671,1695]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FC7C1EE0FBA4F951" box="[1010,1144,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">Astrophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are inadequate, rendering detailed comparisons difficult. The current new species is readily distinguished from its congeners for the following reasons:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FEE31EA8FE3AF929" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[365,486,1743,1767]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FEE31EA8FE3AF929" box="[365,486,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A.caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FD221EA8FCA5F929" authority="Sladen" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[684,889,1742,1767]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="permira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FD221EA8FCFAF929" box="[684,806,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. permira</emphasis>
|
||
Sladen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1878, 1879),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FB901EA8FA91F929" authority="Koehler (1915)" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1915" box="[1054,1357,1742,1767]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cavellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FB901EA8FB46F929" box="[1054,1178,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. cavellae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE4CC10FB2C1EA9FA91F929" box="[1186,1357,1742,1767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" refId="ref4312" refString="Koehler, R. (1915) Description d'une nouvelle espece d' Astrophiura, l' Astrophiura Cavellae. Bulletin Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 311, 1 - 15." type="journal article">Koehler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FA0A1EA8FE1BF8C5" authority="Baranova (1955)" authorityName="Baranova" authorityYear="1955" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chariplax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FA0A1EA8FEDFF8C5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. chariplax</emphasis>
|
||
Baranova (1955)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of distinct tubercles at the centers of primary disc plates. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FA8A1E94FA40F8C5" box="[1284,1436,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FA8A1E94FA44F8C5" authorityName="Fujita & Hendler" authorityYear="2001" box="[1284,1432,1779,1803]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wanikawa">A. wanikawa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the plates have “thickened and raised edges and irregular central prominences” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFE4CC10FBA61F71FA95F8E1" box="[1064,1353,1814,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" refId="ref4102" refString="Fujita, T. & Hendler, G. (2001) Description of the new species of Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Tosa Bay, Japan, and several of its remarkable anatomical characteristics. In: Fujita, T., Saito, H. & Takeda, M. (Eds.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. National Science Museum Monographs, 20, pp. 263 - 281." type="journal article">Fujita and Hendler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Clark (1923) and some subsequent authors regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FD0A1F5CFCDDF89D" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1915" box="[644,769,1851,1875]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cavellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FD0A1F5CFCDDF89D" box="[644,769,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. cavellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FB811F5CFAD3F89C" box="[1039,1295,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FB811F5CFB50F89C" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[1039,1164,1851,1874]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="permira">A. permira</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FB181F5CFAD3F89C" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[1174,1295,1851,1874]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="permira">A. permira</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FF191F38FEC6F8B9" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,282,1887,1911]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FF191F38FEC6F8B9" box="[151,282,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing additional tubercles, randomly placed, on other dorsal plates. Also, as pointed out by Ziesenhenne (1951), the primary dorsal disc plates are not symmetrically arranged, the pairs of radial shields are only slightly in contact with each other, and the adoral plates are not in contact with each other proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFE4CC13FF491FABFEA7FE01" blockId="5.[151,1436,1310,2020]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
In terms of distribution of the tubercles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FD111FACFCF0F82D" authorityName="Baranova" authorityYear="1955" box="[671,812,1995,2019]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chariplax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FD111FACFCF0F82D" box="[671,812,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">A. chariplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE4CC10FC211FACFBE6F82D" box="[943,1082,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE4CC10FC211FACFBEAF82D" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[943,1078,1995,2019]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="262" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">A. caroleae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Baranova (1955) indicates the presence of tubercles on radial disc plates, and possibly on one radial shield, in her figure 3(1), but she does not mention these tubercles in her description. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FD1718DBFCF6FF1A" box="[665,810,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FD1718DBFCFAFF1A" authorityName="Baranova" authorityYear="1955" box="[665,806,188,212]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chariplax">A. chariplax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
according to Baranova’s figure 3(1), the rows of dorsal interradial plates gradually increase in width distally, and the distalmost interradial plates terminate some distance from the disc margin. In contrast, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FDB01963FD1DFED2" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[574,705,260,284]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FDB01963FD1DFED2" box="[574,705,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the interradial plates are essentially equal in width throughout, and the distalmost interradial plate terminates quite close to the disc margin. Further, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FB1B194FFAFEFE8E" authorityName="Baranova" authorityYear="1955" box="[1173,1314,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chariplax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FB1B194FFAFEFE8E" box="[1173,1314,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">A. chariplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the small plates in the ventral interradii have a very restricted distribution (Baranova, 1955, figure 3(2)), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FA0A192BFF24FE46" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FA0A192BFF24FE46" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the area of coverage is significantly more extensive. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FC241917FBF1FE46" authorityName="Baranova" authorityYear="1955" box="[938,1069,368,392]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chariplax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FC241917FBF1FE46" box="[938,1069,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">A chariplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only five oral papillae when the disc diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE7CC13FEF819F3FE17FE62" box="[374,459,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(D’yakonov, 1954; Baranova, 1955), as opposed to six or seven in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFE7CC13FB3419F3FAE6FE62" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1210,1338,404,428]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caroleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFE7CC13FB3419F3FAE6FE62" box="[1210,1338,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="263">A. caroleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a disc diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B37FFE7CC13FE9019D0FEABFE01" box="[286,375,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |